【目的】 厘清8个杨树无性系/品种木材解剖特征及其径向变异模式,分析无性系和树龄对其解剖特征的影响,为人工林杨树优良速生无性系筛选及管理提供理论依据。【方法】 在河南焦作林场选取8个杨树无性系/品种(林龄9~10 a):50号杨、‘中林46杨’‘108杨’、36号杨、N179杨、‘丹红杨’‘桑巨杨’‘南杨’,采用离析和切片的方法制备试样,应用显微成像技术测量不同杨树无性系纤维、导管、组织比量和木射线特征等。【结果】 8个杨树无性系/品种年轮宽度、纤维长度和纤维宽度均值范围分别为7.44~9.64 mm、971.06~1 152.94 μm和15.38~19.84 μm;导管长度、导管宽度和导管分布频率均值范围分别为409.88~491.71 μm、59.30~63.12 μm和44.31~51.84 个/mm²;双壁厚、胞腔径均值范围分别为3.23~4.36 μm、11.22~15.90 μm;纤维长宽比、壁腔比、腔径比和微纤丝角均值范围为56.85~78.91、0.26~0.41、0.72~0.80和16.34°~19.16°;纤维、导管和木射线的比量均值范围为59.45%~67.73%、21.40%~29.99%和10.20%~14.80%;木射线高度和宽度均值范围为260.76~306.59 μm和7.13~8.24 μm。从髓心至树皮,年轮宽度和导管宽度先增加后减小,纤维长度、宽度、长宽比、双壁厚、导管长度、导管宽度、导管比量和木射线高度先增加后达到稳定。微纤丝角度、纤维比量和木射线比量沿径向呈现逐渐降低后稳定的趋势,导管频率沿径向呈先减小后增加的趋势,而胞腔径、壁腔比、腔径比和木射线宽度在径向上变化呈平缓波动模式。方差分析表明,无性系和树龄对解剖特征均有显著影响。【结论】 综合考虑生长速度和解剖特征指标,‘丹红杨’表现最好,建议8个杨树无性系/品种的最适轮伐期为8~9 a。

【Objective】 The aims of this study was to explore the anatomical characteristics and radial variations in eight poplar clones or cultivars and to analyze the influence of cloning and aging on anatomical characteristics. This study provides a theoretical basis for selecting poplar clones and cutting management of fast-growing plantations. 【Method】 Clone 50 (P. deltoides 55/65), cultivar ‘Zhonglin46’ (P. euramericana cv. Zhonglin46), ‘108’ (P. euramericana cv. Guariento), clone 36 (P. deltoides 2KEN8), clone N179 (P. nigra N179), cultivars Danhong (P. deltoides cv. ‘Danhong’), ‘Sangju’ (P. euramericana cv. Sangju), and ‘Nanyang’ (P. deltoides cv. Nanyang) which were about nine to ten years old were cut from Jiaozuo forest farm in Henan province, China. The samples were segregated and sectioned, and the characteristics of fiber, vessel, ray, and tissue proportions were measured using microscopic imaging. 【Result】 The average ring width, fiber length, and fiber width were 7.44-9.64 mm, 971.06 -1152.94 μm, and 15.38-19.84 μm. The mean ranges of vessel length, vessel width, and vessel frequency were 409.88-491.71 μm, 59.30-63.12 μm, and 44.31-51.84 inds/mm². The double-wall thickness and lumen diameter ranges were 3.23-4.36 μm and 11.22-15.90 μm. The average ranges of fiber length to width ratio, wall to lumen ratio, lumen to width ratio, and microfibril angle were 56.85-78.91, 0.26-0.41, 0.72-0.82, and 16.34-19.16°. Proportions of fiber, vessel, and ray were 59.45%-67.7%, 21.40%-29.9%, and 10.20%-14.80%. The ray heights and width were 260.76-306.59 μm and 7.13-8.24 μm. From the pith to the bark, the ring width and vessel diameter first increased and then decreased, and the fiber length, fiber width, fiber length-to-width ratio, double wall thickness, vessel length, and ray height first increased along the radial direction and then stabilized. The microfibril angle, proportion of fiber, and proportion of rays first decreased along the radial direction and then stabilized; the vessel frequency decreased first and then increased, while the lumen diameter, wall-to-lumen ratio, lumen-to-width ratio, and ray width changed slightly along the radial direction. The ANOVAs analyses showed that clone and age had significant effects on anatomical characteristics. 【Conclusion】 Considering the growth rate and anatomical characteristics, Danhong showed the best properties, and the rotation age of the poplar clones was determined as 8-9 years.