夏季干旱半干旱城市公园绿地空气负离子与空气颗粒物变化特征

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202104048

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2022, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4): 212-220.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202104048

夏季干旱半干旱城市公园绿地空气负离子与空气颗粒物变化特征

侯秀娟(), 闫晓云, 王波, 李心愿, 包红光()

内蒙古农业大学林学院,内蒙古呼和浩特 010010

收稿日期:2021-04-28 修回日期:2021-12-14 出版日期:2022-07-30 发布日期:2022-08-01
通讯作者: 包红光
基金资助:
内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2019BS03018)

Variation characteristics of the air anion and air particulate matter in arid and semi-arid urban park green spaces during summer

HOU Xiujuan(), YAN Xiaoyun, WANG Bo, LI Xinyuan, BAO Hongguang()

College of Forestry, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010010, China

Received:2021-04-28 Revised:2021-12-14 Online:2022-07-30 Published:2022-08-01
Contact: BAO Hongguang

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】观测北方干旱半干旱城市公园绿地不同植被结构空气负离子浓度与空气颗粒物浓度,并评价影响因素及其交互影响,为北方城市居民选择游憩时间及公园建设提供科学依据。【方法】于2020年7—8月,同步观测呼和浩特市敕勒川公园5种植被结构及对照点空气负离子浓度、空气颗粒物浓度,分析空气负离子与空气颗粒物变化特征及其影响因素。【结果】不同植被结构空气负离子浓度基本呈“V”形变化特征,空气颗粒物浓度最高值出现在早晨,最低值出现在下午;不同植被结构空气负离子浓度均值均高于对照点,且复层植被结构产生的负离子浓度要高于单层植被结构,不同植被结构对空气颗粒物浓度的调控存在着削减和集聚并存的效应;气象因子是影响空气负离子和空气颗粒物浓度的主要因素,风速与空气负离子浓度间显著负相关,温度与空气负离子浓度、总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)和PM₁₀浓度间显著负相关,相对湿度与空气负离子浓度、TSP和PM₁₀浓度间显著正相关,露点温度与PM_2.5和PM_1.0浓度间显著正相关;空气负离子浓度与PM_1.0浓度间显著负相关。【结论】复层植被结构较单层植被结构对提高空气负离子浓度有更加显著的作用,疏密适当的植被对减少空气颗粒物浓度起到积极作用;依据观测结果,建议城市周边居民开展休闲娱乐活动的最佳时间选择在9:00—10:00和14:00—17:00。

关键词: 城市公园绿地, 空气负离子, 空气颗粒物, 气象因子, 环境质量, 呼和浩特

Abstract:

【Objective】 To monitor the air anion concentration and air particulate matter concentration of different vegetation structures in arid and semi-arid urban park green spaces, the influencing factors and their interaction are analyzed, to provide a theoretical basis for urban residents to choose the recreation time and park construction. 【Method】 In July and August 2020, the air anion concentration and air particulate matter concentration were monitored simultaneously in five vegetation structures and their control points at Chilechuan Park in Hohhot, and the variations and influencing factors of the air anion and air particulate matter were analyzed. 【Result】 The air anion concentration of different vegetation structures had a “V” shaped variation. The highest value for the air particle matter concentration was recorded in the morning, and the lowest value was recorded in the afternoon. The average concentration of air anions in different vegetation structures was higher than that of the control point, and the air anion concentration in the multi-layer vegetation structure was higher than the single-layer vegetation structure. The reduction and agglomeration effect coexisted in the regulation of different vegetation structures. Meteorological factors were the main factors affecting the concentration of the air anions and air particulate matter. Wind speed was significantly negatively correlated with the concentration of air anions, with temperature being significantly negatively correlated with the concentration of air anions, TSP and PM₁₀. Relative humidity was significantly positively correlated with the concentration of air anions, TSP and PM₁₀. The dew point temperature was significantly positively correlated with PM_2.5 and PM_1.0 concentrations. There was a significant negative correlation between the air anion concentration and the PM_1.0 concentration. 【Conclusion】 The multi-layer vegetation structure had a significant effect on increasing the concentration of air anions than the single-layer vegetation structure, and the vegetation density played a positive role in reducing the concentration of the air particulate matter. In line with the results, it was suggested that the best time for residents around the city to carry out leisure activities was 9:00-10:00 and 14:00-17:00.

Key words: urban park green space, air anion, air particulate matter, meteorological factors, environmental quality, Hohhot City

中图分类号:

S731

侯秀娟,闫晓云,王波,等. 夏季干旱半干旱城市公园绿地空气负离子与空气颗粒物变化特征[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2022, 46(4): 212-220.

HOU Xiujuan, YAN Xiaoyun, WANG Bo, LI Xinyuan, BAO Hongguang. Variation characteristics of the air anion and air particulate matter in arid and semi-arid urban park green spaces during summer[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2022, 46(4): 212-220.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202104048.

图/表 8

表1

观测点5种结构植被基本情况"

观测点 observation point	植被结构 vegetation structure	主要植物种类 main plant species	平均高/m average tree height	平均胸径/cm average DBH	乔木层树种组成比 proportion of tree species in tree layer	郁闭度 canopy density	叶面积指数 leaf area index
M1	乔木型	榆树(U. pumila)	7.0±0.65	6.2±1.34	16:1:3:1:1:1	0.90±0.03	3.02±0.35
		白皮松(Pinus bungeana)	3.5±0.31	12.5±0.76
		云杉(Picae asperata)	3.1±0.35	8.3±0.55
		国槐(S. japonica)	5.6±0.78	7.7±1.21
		白杜(E. maackii)	3.5±0.43	4.1±0.47
		紫叶李(Prunus cerasifera f. atropurpurea)	3.0±0.20	2.6±0.18
M2	乔灌型	新疆杨(Populus alba var. pyramidalis)	12.2±1.65	12.5±0.58	1:2:5	0.32±0.06	1.32±0.26
		国槐(S. japonica)	5.6±1.13	8.4±0.64
		紫叶李(Prunus cerasifera f. atropurpurea)	3.2±0.47	2.3±0.07
		小叶黄杨(B. sinica)	0.8±0.09	—
		榆叶梅(A. triloba)	0.8±0.14	—
M3	乔草型	油松(Pinus tabuliformis)	3.5±0.22	6.0±1.14	3:1:2:1:1:1:1	0.61±0.08	1.92±0.19
		新疆杨(Populus alba var. pyramidalis)	12.6±0.87	12.9±1.26
		国槐(S. japonica)	5.3±0.61	8.7±0.67
		栾树(Koelreuteria paniculata)	5.7±0.58	6.5±0.54
		白杜(E. maackii)	3.5±0.37	4.0±0.57
		白蜡(Fraxinus chinensis)	4.2±1.05	4.6±0.79
		五角枫(A. mono)	4.0±0.78	4.3±1.03
		草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)	—	—
M4	灌草型	连翘(F. suspensa)	2.1±0.31	—	—	—	0.84±0.18
		丁香(S. oblata)	2.5±0.36	—
		草地早熟禾(P. pratensis)	—	—
M5	乔灌草型	油松(Pinus tabuliformis)	3.5±0.64	6.8±0.36	4:1:2:3:1	0.76±0.04	2.28±0.32
		新疆杨(Populus alba var. pyramidalis)	11.4±0.98	12.3±1.26
		旱柳(Salix matsudana)	8.6±0.62	6.4±0.77
		国槐(S. japonica)	5.5±0.41	8.7±1.13
		白蜡(F. chinensis)	4.3±0.56	4.2±0.45
		红瑞木(Cornus alba)	2.1±0.09	—
		珍珠梅(Sorbaria sorbifolia)	2.5±0.63	—
		丁香(S. oblata)	2.6±0.36	—
		草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)	—	—
CK	对照	硬质铺装	—	—	—	—	—

表1

表2

图1

图2

表3

图3

图4

表4

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评价等级 evaluation grade	空气负离子ari anion		空气颗粒物24 h平均浓度/(μg·m^-3·h^-1) average concentration of air particulate
评价等级 evaluation grade	浓度/(ions·cm^-3) concentraion	生物学效应 biological effects	TSP	PM₁₀	PM_2.5
Ⅰ	>3 000	保健浓度	< 120	<50	<35
Ⅱ	≥2 000~3 000	保健浓度	120~130	50~150	35~75
Ⅲ	≥1 500~2 000	保健浓度	>300	>150	>75
Ⅳ	≥1 000~1 500	保健浓度
Ⅴ	≥400~1 000	允许浓度
Ⅵ	<400	临界浓度

因素factor	空气负离子air anion
因素factor	R	P
风速 wind speed	-0.644^*	0.018
温度 temperature	-0.655^*	0.015
相对湿度 relative humidity	0.568^*	0.043
露点温度dew-point temperature	-0.140	0.649
郁闭度canopy density	0.129	0.871
叶面积指数leaf area index	-0.075	0.905
TSP浓度TSP mass concertration	0.484	0.094
PM₁₀浓度 PM₁₀mass concertration	0.069	0.823
PM_2.5浓度 PM_2.5mass concertration	-0.378	0.203
PM_1.0浓度 PM_1.0mass concertration	-0.595^*	0.023

空气颗粒物 air particulate	风速 wind speed		温度 temperature		相对湿度 relative humidity		露点温度 dew-point temperature		郁闭度 canopy density		叶面积指数 leaf area index
空气颗粒物 air particulate	R	P	R	P	R	P	R	P	R	P	R	P
TSP	-0.528	0.064	-0.664^*	0.013	0.640^*	0.018	0.061	0.844	0.808	0.192	0.500	0.392
PM₁₀	-0.297	0.324	-0.606^*	0.028	0.643^*	0.018	0.362	0.224	0.932	0.068	0.608	0.276
PM_2.5	0.034	0.911	-0.326	0.277	0.414	0.160	0.591^*	0.033	0.885	0.115	0.219	0.723
PM_1.0	0.228	0.453	-0.069	0.822	0.165	0.590	0.570^*	0.042	0.338	0.662	-0.208	0.737

夏季干旱半干旱城市公园绿地空气负离子与空气颗粒物变化特征

Variation characteristics of the air anion and air particulate matter in arid and semi-arid urban park green spaces during summer

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