杈干现象对南方红豆杉树冠形态、生长和形质的影响

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202106026

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (2): 87-94.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202106026

杈干现象对南方红豆杉树冠形态、生长和形质的影响

欧建德()

福建省明溪县林业局,福建三明 365200

收稿日期:2021-06-21 修回日期:2021-08-23 出版日期:2023-03-30 发布日期:2023-03-28
基金资助:
中央财政林业科技推广示范资金项目(闽[2015]TG05号);三明市双创城市示范项目

Effects of forking on the crown morphology, growth and form quality of Taxus chinensis var. mairei

OU Jiande()

Mingxi Forestry Bureau, Fujian Province,Sanming 365200, China

Received:2021-06-21 Revised:2021-08-23 Online:2023-03-30 Published:2023-03-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探明杈干对南方红豆杉树冠形态、生长和形质的影响,揭示杈干作用于树木生长、树冠形态的分级机制,分析树冠形态与生长和形质间关系的杈干效应,明确杈干木和未杈干木类型的树冠形态调控措施。【方法】在福建省明溪县南方红豆杉15年生人工林分中设置标准地,调查分析杈干木、未杈干木的树冠形态及生长、形质间差异,统计不同杈干木类型红豆杉胸径、树高、冠幅、冠形率、树冠率的分级分布,通径分析不同杈干木类型红豆杉树冠形态特征与生长形质间的关系。【结果】杈干显著抑制南方红豆杉的冠长、冠形率、树冠率,但对冠幅无显著性影响;杈干显著促进南方红豆杉地径、胸径、树高、单株材积、枝下高以及生长形质总体表现,但对树干尖削度、圆满度无显著性影响。不同杈干木类型间胸径、树高、冠形率、树冠率的分级分布明显不同,胸径、树高、单株材积、总体表现与树冠形态特征间关系也明显不同。【结论】杈干明显改变南方红豆杉胸径、树高、冠形率、树冠率的分级分布,杈干对胸径、树高、冠形率、树冠率的影响是通过改变高、低分级区间的分布比例来实现。杈干改变南方红豆杉胸径、单株材积、总体表现与树冠形态特征间关系,其相应的树冠形态调控措施不同。促进总体表现时,树冠形态调控重点与方向为:对杈干木类型是增大冠形率,对未杈干木类型是促进冠幅宽大。

关键词: 南方红豆杉, 杈干, 生长, 形质, 树冠形态

Abstract:

【Objective】 The effects of forking on the crown morphology, growth and quality form of Taxus chinensis var. mairei were studied for multi-stem and non-multi-stem tree types. 【Method】 A standard plot was established in a 15-year-old T. chinensis var. mairei plantation in Mingxi County, Fujian Province, and differences in the crown morphology, growth and quality form between multi-stemed trees and non multi-stemed trees were investigated and analyzed. The hierarchical distributions of T.chinensis var. mairei DBH, tree height, crown width, crown shape rate and crown rate with different multi-stemed tree types were analyzed, and the relationship between crown morphological characteristics and the growth and form quality indices of different forking types were analyzed by the path analysis. 【Result】 Forking significantly inhibited the crown length, crown shape rate, and crown ratio of T. chinensis var. mairei, but had no significant effect on crown width. Forking significantly promoted the ground diameter, DBH, tree height, individual volume, height under branch and overall performances of growth and form quality of T. chinensis var. mairei, but had no significant effect on taperingness or stem completeness. The hierarchical distributions of DBH, tree height, crown shape rate and crown rate among different multi-stemed tree types were significantly different. The relationships between DBH, tree height, individual volume, overall performances, and crown morphological characteristics among different multi-stemed tree types were significantly different. 【Conclusion】 Forking changed the hierarchical distributions of DBH, tree height, crown shape rate and crown ratio. The forking effects on DBH, tree height, crown shape rate and crown ratio were realized by changing the distribution proportions of the high and low classification intervals. Forking changed the relationships between the DBH, individual volume, overall performances, and crown morphological characteristics of T. chinensis var. mairei, and the corresponding crown morphological regulation measures were different. The key and direction of crown morphological regulation to promote overall performances in multi-stemed trees is to increase crown shape rates; in non multi-stemed trees it is to promote the crown width.

Key words: Taxus chinensis var. mairei, forking, growth, form quality, crown morphology

中图分类号:

S758

欧建德. 杈干现象对南方红豆杉树冠形态、生长和形质的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2023, 47(2): 87-94.

OU Jiande. Effects of forking on the crown morphology, growth and form quality of Taxus chinensis var. mairei[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2023, 47(2): 87-94.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202106026.

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树冠形态 crown morphological	杈干木(MST) multi-stemed trees	未杈干木(NMST) non multi-stemed trees	t
冠幅/m CW	2.76±0.52 a	2.65±0.43 a	1.896
冠长/m CL	3.17±1.00 b	3.39±0.82 a	2.078^*
冠形率 CSR	1.17±0.40 b	1.29±0.32 a	-2.861^**
树冠率 CR	0.53±0.16 b	0.61±0.13 a	-4.245^**

冠幅/m crown width	分布比例/% proportion of grade		冠形率 crown shape ratio	分布比例/% proportion of grade		树冠率 crown ratio	分布比例/% proportion of grade
冠幅/m crown width	MST	NMST	冠形率 crown shape ratio	MST	NMST	树冠率 crown ratio	MST	NMST
>1.0~1.5		0.83	0~0.5	1.25		>0.1~0.2	2.33
>1.5~2.0	3.49	3.33	>0.5~1.0	28.75	15.83	>0.2~0.3	3.49		1.67
>2.0~2.5	29.07	26.67	>1.0~1.5	51.25	58.75	>0.3~0.4	16.28		4.17
>2.5~3.0	33.72	46.25	>1.5~2.0	11.25	22.50	>0.4~0.5	18.60		13.75
>3.0~3.5	24.42	20.42	>2.0~2.5	7.50	2.08	>0.5~0.6	19.77		26.67
>3.5~4.0	5.81	2.08	>2.5~3.0		0.84	>0.6~0.7	25.58		22.08
>4.0~4.5	3.49	0.42				>0.7~0.8	10.47		27.92
						>0.8~0.9	3.49		3.75

形质性状 quality characters	类型type		t
形质性状 quality characters	MST	NMST	t
地径/cm ground diameter	13.50±1.99 a	12.43±1.96 b	4.338^**
胸径/cm DBH	10.07±1.70 a	9.21±1.50 b	4.413^**
树高/m tree height	5.93±0.66 a	5.57±0.56 b	4.866^*
材积指数/(cm²·m)volume index	627.18±246.19 a	492.86±173.33 b	5.478^**
枝下高/m height under branch	2.76±0.99 a	2.17±0.76 b	5.654^**
树干尖削度/(cm·m^-1) taperingness	2.29±0.32 a	2.24±0.32 a	1.321
树干圆满度stem completeness	0.75±0.07 a	0.74±0.06 a	0.687
综合得分值comprehensive score	0.52±0.10 a	0.45±0.09 b	5.622^**

胸径/cm DBH	分布比例/% proportion		树高/m tree height	分布比例/% proportion
胸径/cm DBH	MST	NMST	树高/m tree height	MST	NMST
>4.0~5.0		1.67	>3.0~3.5		0.42
>5.0~6.0		1.67	>3.5~4.0		1.25
>6.0~7.0	2.33	3.75	>4.0~4.5	2.33	2.50
>7.0~8.0	6.97	10.83	>4.5~5.0	6.98	7.92
>8.0~9.0	15.12	24.17	>5.0~5.5	9.30	20.00
>9.0~10.0	29.07	25.83	>5.5~6.0	30.23	45.42
>10.0~11.0	18.60	20.00	>6.0~6.5	23.26	17.07
>11.0~12.0	15.12	11.67	>6.5~7.0	26.74	5.42
>12.0~13.0	5.81	0.42	>7.0~7.5	1.16
>13.0~14.0	3.49
>14.0~15.0	3.40

性状 index	类型 type	直接通径系数direct path coefficient			决定系数coefficient of determination
性状 index	类型 type	冠幅 crown width	冠形率 crown shape rate	树冠率 crown ratio	冠幅 crown width	冠形率 crown shape rate	树冠率 crown ratio
胸径 DBH	杈干木MST	0.875^**	1.007^**	-0.851^**	0.766	1.014	0.724
	未杈干木NMST	1.001^**	0.709^**	-0.510^**	1.002	0.503	0.260
树高 tree height	杈干木MST	1.058^**	2.100^**	-1.867^**	1.119	4.410	3.486
	未杈干木NMST	1.376^**	1.886^**	-1.717^**	1.893	3.557	2.948
单株材积 individual volume	杈干木MST	0.967^**	1.314^**	-1.126^**	0.935	1.727	1.268
	未杈干木NMST	1.143^**	1.026^**	-0.818^**	1.306	1.053	0.669
枝下高 height under branch	杈干木MST	0.286^**	0.564^**	-1.444^**	0.082	0.318	2.085
	未杈干木NMST	0.393^**	0.525^**	-1.440^**	0.154	0.276	2.074
尖削度 taperingness	杈干木MST	-0.045	-0.776^**	0.679^**	0.002	0.602	0.461
	未杈干木NMST	-0.019	-0.858^**	0.856^**	0.000	0.736	0.733
树干圆满度 stem completeness	杈干木MST	0.339^*	0.493^**	-0.330^*	0.115	0.243	0.109
	未杈干木NMST	0.425^**	0.622^**	-0.384^*	0.181	0.387	0.147
综合得分 score	杈干木MST	0.992^**	1.429^**	-1.345^**	0.984	2.042	1.809
	未杈干木NMST	1.210^**	1.191^**	-1.090^**	1.464	1.418	1.188

杈干现象对南方红豆杉树冠形态、生长和形质的影响

Effects of forking on the crown morphology, growth and form quality of Taxus chinensis var. mairei

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