两种采伐方式对马尾松人工林林分空间结构的影响

王宇; 易艳灵; 刘海; 文晓晨; 李天一; 尹海锋; 李贤伟; 范川

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202107012

王宇, 易艳灵, 刘海, 文晓晨, 李天一, 尹海锋, 李贤伟, 范川

南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (5) : 138-146.

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (5) : 138-146. DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202107012

研究论文

两种采伐方式对马尾松人工林林分空间结构的影响

王宇 ¹ ,
易艳灵 ¹^,² ,
刘海 ¹ ,
文晓晨 ¹ ,
李天一 ¹ ,
尹海锋 ¹ ,
李贤伟 ¹ ,
范川 ¹^,^*

作者信息 +

Initial impacts of two thinning methods on the spatial structure of Pinus massoniana plantations

WANG Yu ¹ ,
YI Yanling ¹^,² ,
LIU Hai ¹ ,
WEN Xiaochen ¹ ,
LI Tianyi ¹ ,
YIN Haifeng ¹ ,
LI Xianwei ¹ ,
FAN Chuan ¹^,^*

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

【目的】探讨不同采伐方式和采伐强度对马尾松(Pinus massoniana)人工林空间结构的影响,为马尾松人工林林分结构优化和质量提升提供科学依据。【方法】以四川大茅坪国有林场马尾松人工林为研究对象,设置两种采伐方式:目标树经营(目标树数量0、100、167、233、300株/hm²)和基于目标树采伐蓄积强度设置相对应的传统抚育间伐(折算为0%、8.6%、16.1%、24.0%、29.2%),将目标树经营和传统抚育间伐中采伐强度为0株/hm²合并记为CK。采用基于Voronoi图的林分结构参数(混交度、角尺度、大小比数、开敞度和竞争指数)和空间结构评价指数对林分空间结构进行评价。【结果】两种采伐方式对林分混交度的影响有差别,具体为:目标树经营下,林分混交度呈上升趋势,而传统抚育间伐无显著变化。两种采伐实施后,林分角尺度表现为显著增加的趋势,但林分仍处于均匀分布格局,目标树经营相较于传统抚育经营,林分随机分布比例提升相对较高,林分大小比数无显著变化。两种采伐方式均能提高林分开敞度,且随采伐强度增加呈现出上升趋势,在同一采伐强度下,开敞度值表现出目标树经营大于传统抚育间伐。林分竞争指数呈现显著下降的趋势,且在同一采伐强度下,竞争压力表现为目标树经营小于传统抚育间伐;两种采伐方式均显著提高了林分空间结构评价指数,增长率分别为28.8%~65.6%(目标树经营)和14.2%~44.5%(传统抚育间伐)。【结论】基于研究区内马尾松人工林现状,目标树经营较传统抚育经营下林分空间结构更趋于合理,马尾松近熟林合理的目标树保留木数量为233株/hm²左右。

Abstract

【Objective】This research aims to explore the effects of two tree thinning methods and intensities on the spatial structure of Pinus massoniana plantations, to provide a scientific basis for optimizing their structure and quality. 【Method】Two thinning methods-crop tree management and traditional tending management-with five thinning intensities (0, 100, 167, 233 and 300 trees/hm²) were established, at Damaoping State-Owned Forest Farm, an intensity of 0 trees/hm² was used as a cotrol. Next we surveyed tree species (measuring tree height, diameter at breast height and distance between neighboring trees), drew Voronoi diagrams, and calculated spatial structure parameters for each stand: mingling index(M), neighborhood comparison(U), uniform angle index(W), opening degree(K), competition index(CI) and comprehensive evaluation index(Z). 【Result】After thinning, the M parameters for crop tree and traditional tending management were heterogeneous: the former increased, while the latter did not significantly change. The W parameter increased, but the forest stands remained uniformly distributed. The forest was more randomly distributed with crop tree management than traditional tending management, while U parameters did not significantly change. Both thinning methods increased at the K parameter, which was larger for crop tree management than for traditional management. Both thinning methods saw a decrease in the CI parameter, likewise more so for traditional tending management. Finally, both crop tree and traditional management significantly improved the comprehensive evaluation indexes, which ranged from 28.8% to 65.6% and from 14.2% to 44.5%, respectively. 【Conclusion】The crop tree management was more reasonable than that of the traditional tending, with the number of target trees approximately 233 trees/hm² in the near-mature Masson pine forest.

导出引用

王宇, 易艳灵, 刘海, 等. 两种采伐方式对马尾松人工林林分空间结构的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）. 2023, 47(5): 138-146 https://doi.org/10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202107012

WANG Yu, YI Yanling, LIU Hai, et al. Initial impacts of two thinning methods on the spatial structure of Pinus massoniana plantations[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY. 2023, 47(5): 138-146 https://doi.org/10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202107012

中图分类号： S753;S756

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摘要

为进一步揭示千岛湖次生林不同演替阶段林分的空间结构规律，根据马尾松不同密度设置了3个40 m×40 m的样地，进行了每木调查和坐标定位。利用混交度、大小比数和角尺度3种结构参数结合树种组成，对3个样地中的主要树种及林分整体的空间格局进行对比分析。结果表明：样地1中马尾松优势明显呈聚集分布，其它树种多为散生且生长被严重压制。样地2中的马尾松和青冈的优势较为明显，均呈聚集分布，而其它树种多为散生且生长被压制。样地3中苦槠优势明显呈聚集分布，林分整体混交程度较高，但苦槠的林木大小差异较小，林木生长大多处于中庸状态，缺少具有绝对优势的高大乔木。3个样地的林分整体均为聚集分布。以上结果说明，样地1和样地2均处于演替的初期，需要通过实施择伐经营，加速林分的演替。样地3已演替为以苦槠为优势种的常绿阔叶林，但发展为成熟的顶级群落尚需时间。

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