【目的】了解土壤含水率对蓝莓(Vaccinium corymbosum)叶片生理及果实品质的影响特征和规律。【方法】以5年生兔眼蓝莓(V. ashei)为试材,通过人工控制设置不同土壤含水率梯度,分析不同土壤含水率对蓝莓植株生理及果实品质的影响。【结果】随着土壤含水率增加,蓝莓叶片中丙二醛(MDA)、脯氨酸(Pro)和可溶性糖含量先降低后升高,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性呈“M”形变化趋势,叶绿素含量先升高后下降;蓝莓果实单果质量呈“S”形变化趋势,果实中花青素和维生素C(VC)含量先升高后下降,可溶性固形物(SSC)含量先降低后增加。当土壤相对含水率低于35%~40%或高于95%时,蓝莓叶片生理和果实品质都会受到显著影响,叶片中MDA、Pro和可溶性糖含量均显著升高;叶绿素含量和SOD活性均出现下降趋势,其中叶绿素含量显著降低。果实中花青素和VC积累显著降低,SSC含量升高,蓝莓果实的质量随着土壤含水率的升高而增加,当土壤含水率达到65%~70%后,果实的质量不再显著增加。采用隶属函数计算得出,土壤含水率处于65%~70%时适合蓝莓生长。4个蓝莓品种中,‘园蓝’(‘Gardenblue’)和‘巴尔德温’(‘Baldwin’)在土壤相对含水率65%~70% (T3处理)正常生长的梯度与土壤相对含水率35%~40%(T1处理)、95%~100%(T5处理)强逆境条件下的差异性大于‘灿烂’(‘Brightwell’)和‘S13’,‘园蓝’和‘巴尔德温’对土壤水分过多的抗性略差,‘灿烂’和‘S13’抗性略好。在果实生长期,适度增加土壤含水率有利于‘园蓝’和‘灿烂’果实品质的提高。综合分析,在T3梯度下,各品种植株处于最适水分环境。【结论】过高或过低土壤含水率均能影响蓝莓叶片生理生化及果实品质,综合高产及果实品质的要求,蓝莓生长最适宜土壤含水率为65%~70%。

【Objective】 The effects of soil water content on the leaf physiology and fruit quality of blueberries were studied. 【Method】 In this study, a 5-year-old Vaccinium ashei plant was used to analyze the effects of different soil water content on the plant physiology and fruit quality of blueberries using a manual control test. 【Result】 The results showed that the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), proline and soluble sugar in blueberry leaves initially decreased and then increased with an increase in soil water content, while the activity of the superoxide dismutase (SOD) showed an “M”-type trend, and the chlorophyll content initially increased and then decreased. The single fruit weight of blueberry fruits showed an “S”-type change trend, the contents of anthocyanin and vitamin C (VC) in fruits increased initially and then decreased, and the content of soluble solids (SSC) decreased initially and then increased. The leaf physiology and fruit quality of blueberries were significantly affected when the soil relative water content was lower than 35%-40% or higher than 95%. The MDA, proline and soluble sugar contents in the leaves significantly increased; however, the chlorophyll and SOD contents decreased, and the chlorophyll content decreased significantly. The accumulation of anthocyanins and VC in fruits decreased significantly, whereas SSC increased. The weight of the blueberry fruits increased with soil water content. When the soil water content reached 65%-70%, the weight of the blueberry fruits did not increase significantly. Based on the membership function method, a soil moisture content of 65%-70% was considered suitable for the blueberry growth. Among the four blueberry varieties, the difference between the normal growth gradient of ‘Gardenblue’and ‘Baldwin’ in T3 treatment (65%-70%) and strong stress conditions of T1 (35%-40%) and T5 (95%-100%) was greater than that of ‘Brightwell’ and ‘S13’.‘Gardenblue’ and ‘Baldwin’ had slightly lower stress resistance to soil water, while ‘Brightwell’ and ‘S13’ had slightly better stress resistance. In the fruit growing stage, the increasing soil water content was beneficial to improve the quality of ‘Gardenblue’ and ‘Brightwell’ fruits. A comprehensive analysis showed that plants of all varieties were in the optimum water environment in T3 treatment. 【Conclusion】 Both too high and too low soil water content could affect the physiological and biochemical characteristics of blueberry leaves and fruit quality. Considering the requirements of the high yield and fruit quality, the optimal soil water content was 65%-70%.