南京林业大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2022, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (5): 161-168.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202109023
李惠芝1(), 关庆伟1,*(), 赵家豪1, 李俊杰1, 王磊1, 李凤凤2, 左兴平2, 陈斌1
收稿日期:
2021-09-12
修回日期:
2022-03-09
出版日期:
2022-09-30
发布日期:
2022-10-19
通讯作者:
关庆伟
基金资助:
LI Huizhi1(), GUAN Qingwei1,*(), ZHAO Jiahao1, LI Junjie1, WANG Lei1, LI Fengfeng2, ZUO Xingping2, CHEN Bin1
Received:
2021-09-12
Revised:
2022-03-09
Online:
2022-09-30
Published:
2022-10-19
Contact:
GUAN Qingwei
摘要:
【目的】探究麻栎(Quercus acutissima)人工林土壤肥力质量在不同地形下的差异,综合评价地形对麻栎人工林土壤肥力的影响,为合理利用林地资源、提高人工林质量提供依据。【方法】以麻栎人工纯林为研究对象,将地形划分为平缓坡地、阳坡凹地、阳坡凸地、阴坡凹地和阴坡凸地5个类型,分别测定了5种地形下土壤理化性质和酶活性等15个指标,运用主成分分析和相关系数法筛选并建立了土壤质量评价最小数据集,采用加权求和指数法对不同地形下的土壤肥力水平进行综合评价。【结果】5种地形中,阳坡凹地土壤有机质、全氮和全钾含量最高,阴坡凹地pH、土壤全磷和有效磷含量最高,阴坡凸地土壤容重最小。阴坡凹地土壤微生物生物量氮含量最高,且脲酶和酸性磷酸酶活性最强。主成分分析和相关性分析结果表明,有机质、pH、容重、脲酶活性、蔗糖酶活性构成了土壤质量评价的最小数据集。不同地形中,土壤质量指数大小依次为阳坡凹地(0.533)>平缓坡地(0.511)>阴坡凹地(0.510)>阴坡凸地(0.495)>阳坡凸地(0.482)。【结论】在本试验地,地形通过改变土壤pH、有机质、土壤容重、脲酶活性和蔗糖酶活性等5个关键指标,影响了麻栎人工林的土壤肥力质量。其中,阳坡凹地土壤质量最高,有利于土壤养分的积累。
中图分类号:
李惠芝,关庆伟,赵家豪,等. 地形对麻栎人工林土壤肥力质量的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2022, 46(5): 161-168.
LI Huizhi, GUAN Qingwei, ZHAO Jiahao, LI Junjie, WANG Lei, LI Fengfeng, ZUO Xingping, CHEN Bin. Effects of topography on the soil fertility quality in Quercus acutissima plantation[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2022, 46(5): 161-168.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202109023.
表2
不同地形土壤化学性质"
地形类型 topography type | pH | 土壤容重/ (g·cm-3) soil bulk density | 含量content | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
有机质/ (g·kg-1) organic matter | 全氮/ (g·kg-1) TN | 全磷/ (g·kg-1) TP | 有效磷/ (mg·kg-1) AP | 全钾/ (g·kg-1) TK | 速效钾/ (mg·kg-1) AK | |||
平缓坡地 gentle slope | 4.69±0.05 b | 1.74±0.02 a | 34.94±2.43 b | 1.70±0.15 b | 0.13±0.01 ab | 2.32±0.12 c | 15.79±0.18 b | 79.40±1.67 b |
阳坡凹地 concave sunny slope | 4.51±0.02 b | 1.33±0.09 b | 63.62±5.48 a | 2.73±0.22 a | 0.11±0.02 ab | 2.12±0.10 c | 17.47±0.06 a | 65.07±6.33 a |
阳坡凸地 convex sunny slope | 4.59±0.04 b | 1.53±0.04 ab | 35.11±8.83 b | 1.77±0.32 b | 0.05±0.01 b | 3.03±0.26 b | 16.71±0.11 ab | 71.19±3.70 ab |
阴坡凹地 concave shady slope | 5.19±0.16 a | 1.32±0.02 b | 38.9±3.73 b | 1.97±0.09 ab | 0.17±0.04 a | 3.61±0.21 a | 14.20±0.61 c | 46.36±7.71 a |
阴坡凸地 convex shady slope | 4.74±0.06 b | 1.19±0.13 b | 30.11±10.59 b | 1.53±0.35 b | 0.09±0.02 b | 3.04±0.11 b | 15.72±0.19 b | 53.92±10.32 b |
表3
不同地形土壤生物学性质"
地形类型 topography type | 含量/(mg·g-1) content | 酶活性/(mg·g-1·d-1) enzymatic activity | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
微生物 生物量碳 microbial biomass carbon | 微生物 生物量氮 microbial biomass nitrogen | 脲酶 urease | 过氧 化氢酶 catalase | 蔗糖酶 sucrase | 酸性 磷酸酶 acid phosphatase | |
平缓坡地gentle slope | 397.57±12.04 a | 19.21±0.58 b | 0.60±0.01 b | 0.92±0.06 a | 38.32±5.68 a | 3.14±0.10 c |
阳坡凹地concave sunny slope | 343.56±14.36 a | 12.56±0.96 c | 0.60±0.01 b | 0.62±0.06 a | 15.60±3.77 b | 3.46±0.03 b |
阳坡凸地convex sunny slope | 431.64±14.77 a | 11.06±2.50 c | 0.58±0.01 b | 0.92±0.10 a | 27.54±0.92 ab | 3.04±0.05 c |
阴坡凹地concave shady slope | 547.35±26.80 a | 33.15±2.45 a | 0.73±0.02 a | 0.92±0.16 a | 30.61±2.37 ab | 4.18±0.18 a |
阴坡凸地convex shady slope | 359.91±19.96 a | 10.41±1.52 c | 0.60±0.03 b | 0.75±0.09 a | 18.95±6.72 b | 3.66±0.07 b |
表4
土壤质量评价指标的主成分分析结果"
指标 index | 主成分 principal component | Norm值 Norm value | 分组 group | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | |||
pH | 0.942 | -0.101 | 0.027 | 2.223 | 1 |
酸性磷酸酶活性 acid phosphatase activity | 0.878 | 0.355 | -0.211 | 2.165 | 1 |
全钾含量 total potassium content | -0.901 | 0.194 | -0.136 | 2.153 | 1 |
脲酶活性 urease activity | 0.876 | 0.095 | 0.077 | 2.072 | 1 |
微生物生物量氮 microbial biomass nitrogen | 0.846 | 0.002 | 0.369 | 2.056 | 1 |
全磷含量 total phosphorus content | 0.682 | 0.363 | 0.473 | 1.828 | 1 |
有效磷含量 available phosphorus content | 0.700 | -0.348 | -0.403 | 1.827 | 1 |
速效钾含量 available potassium content | -0.631 | -0.258 | 0.409 | 1.643 | 1 |
有机质含量 soil organic matter content | -0.194 | 0.917 | 0.301 | 1.603 | 2 |
全氮含量 total nitrogen content | -0.139 | 0.904 | 0.289 | 1.547 | 2 |
土壤容重 soil bulk density | -0.315 | -0.456 | 0.692 | 1.413 | 3 |
蔗糖酶活性 sucrase activity | 0.278 | -0.481 | 0.690 | 1.389 | 3 |
特征值eigen values | 5.542 | 2.601 | 1.889 | ||
方差贡献率/% variance contribution rate | 46.183 | 21.675 | 15.741 | ||
累积方差贡献率/% cumulative variance contribution rate | 46.183 | 67.858 | 83.599 |
表5
土壤质量指标Spearman相关性分析结果"
指标 index | pH | SOM | TN | TP | AP | TK | AK | MBN | URE | INV | ACP | BD |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
pH | 1.00 | |||||||||||
SOM | -0.40 | 1.00 | ||||||||||
TN | -0.34 | 0.99** | 1.00 | |||||||||
TP | 0.36 | 0.29 | 0.26 | 1.00 | ||||||||
AP | 0.52* | -0.53* | -0.43 | -0.08 | 1.00 | |||||||
TK | -0.84** | 0.27 | 0.23 | -0.53* | -0.55* | 1.00 | ||||||
AK | -0.19 | 0.01 | -0.03 | -0.16 | -0.47 | 0.38 | 1.00 | |||||
MBN | 0.50 | 0.12 | 0.15 | 0.57* | 0.24 | -0.62* | -0.16 | 1.00 | ||||
URE | 0.44 | 0.06 | 0.09 | 0.54* | 0.40 | -0.34 | -0.07 | 0.50 | 1.00 | |||
INV | 0.39 | -0.29 | -0.31 | 0.38 | 0.28 | -0.43 | 0.30 | 0.48 | 0.43 | 1.00 | ||
ACP | 0.52* | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.51 | 0.37 | -0.53* | -0.78** | 0.30 | 0.42 | -0.16 | 1.00 | |
BD | -0.17 | -0.11 | -0.16 | -0.16 | -0.28 | 0.10 | 0.55* | 0.14 | -0.33 | 0.49 | -0.73** | 1.00 |
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