内蒙古大青山华北落叶松人工林蒸散特征及其影响因子

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202111041

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (4): 148-156.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202111041

内蒙古大青山华北落叶松人工林蒸散特征及其影响因子

王云霓¹^,²(), 曹恭祥¹, 徐丽宏²^,^*(), 陈胜楠³

1.内蒙古自治区林业科学研究院,内蒙古呼和浩特 010010
2.中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与自然保护研究所,北京 100091
3.北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京 100083

收稿日期:2021-11-25 修回日期:2022-04-08 出版日期:2023-07-30 发布日期:2023-07-20
通讯作者: * 徐丽宏(xulh@caf.ac.cn),副研究员。
作者简介:王云霓(yunni5186@126.com),博士。
基金资助:
内蒙古自治区林业科学研究院科研能力提升项目;国家自然科学基金项目(32171559)

Evapotranspiration characteristics of Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation and its impact factors in the Daqing Mountains of Inner Mongolia

WANG Yunni¹^,²(), CAO Gongxiang¹, XU Lihong²^,^*(), CHEN Shengnan³

1. Inner Mongolia Academy of Forestry, Hohhot 010010, China
2. The Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Nature Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
3. College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China

Received:2021-11-25 Revised:2022-04-08 Online:2023-07-30 Published:2023-07-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】水分是半干旱区森林植被持续稳定的主要限制因子,通过对内蒙古大青山北侧华北落叶松(Larix principis-rupprechtii)林分蒸散及其组分的研究,分析山地人工林的蒸散耗水规律,为基于林水关系的森林植被精细化经营管理提供基础。【方法】利用热扩散探针等常规森林水文监测方法,同步监测树干液流、林冠截留、林地蒸散及气象因子和土壤体积含水量(土壤水分),分析林分蒸散及其组分的变化规律及与环境因子的关系。【结果】在季节尺度上,2016年、2017年华北落叶松林分蒸散量分别为522.57 和583.67 mm,占同期降水量的120.13%、167.34%,年际差异主要受温度、土壤水分的影响;林冠蒸腾占林分总蒸散的比例平均为45.44%、林地蒸散占40.28%、林冠截留占14.28%。在月尺度上,林冠蒸腾占林分总蒸散的37.30%~52.43%,林冠截留占8.61%~21.81%,林地蒸散占31.52%~48.15%;林分蒸散和林冠蒸腾主要受温度、风速和水分条件的影响,林冠截留主要受降水和大气湿度的影响,而太阳辐射、饱和气压差和土壤水分是影响林地蒸散主要因素;2016年7月的林分蒸散小于降水量28.06 mm,其他月份的降水与林分蒸散比例为0.55~0.92。【结论】在半干旱区典型水源涵养林业的山地人工林生态系统,降水的输入量不能满足人工林的需水量,今后研究中需重视降水类型及其时间格局对蒸散耗水的影响。

关键词: 华北落叶松, 林地蒸散, 林冠蒸腾, 林冠截留, 气象因子

Abstract:

【Objective】 Water is the main factor limiting the sustainable stability of forest vegetation in semi-arid regions. The purpose of this study was to characterize evapotranspiration and its components in a larch (Larix principis-rupprechtii) plantation on the north side of the Daqing Mountains in Inner Mongolia, thereby providing a theoretical basis for forest management based on forest-water relationships. 【Method】The sap flow, canopy interception, forest floor evapotranspiration, and soil water content in a larch plantation stand, along with meteorological factors were monitored simultaneously in the north side of the Daqing Mountains of Inner Mongolia, China. Then, the variations in total stand evapotranspiration and its components as well as the relationship between evapotranspiration and environmental factors were analyzed. 【Result】On the seasonal scale, the evapotranspiration values in 2016 and 2017 were 522.57 and 583.67 mm respectively, accounting for 120.13% and 167.34% of the precipitation in the same period. This interannual difference was influenced by both the air temperature and water content of the soil. The percentage of canopy transpiration to total stand evapotranspiration was 45.44%, that of forest floor evapotranspiration was 40.28% and that of canopy interception was 14.28%. On the monthly scale, canopy transpiration and interception accounted for 37.30%-52.43% and 8.61%-21.81% of total evapotranspiration, respectively, whereas 31.52%-48.15% of the total stand evapotranspiration was caused by forest floor evapotranspiration. Air temperature, wind speed, and water conditions were the main factors influencing total stand evapotranspiration and canopy transpiration. Interception of the stand was mainly determined via precipitation and air humidity. Variations in forest floor evapotranspiration were closely dependent on solar radiation, saturated vapor pressure deficit, and water content of the soil. Additionally, the total evapotranspiration was 28.06 mm lower than the precipitation in July 2016, and the ratio of precipitation to evapotranspiration in other months was 0.55-0.92 under the monthly scale. 【Conclusion】In the mountain plantation ecosystem of typical rain-fed forestry in a semi-arid region, the amount of precipitation cannot meet the water consumption demand of the plantation. Therefore, in future research, it is necessary to pay more attention to the effects of precipitation types and time patterns on evapotranspiration.

Key words: larch(Larix principis-rupprechtii), forest floor evapotranspiration, canopy transpiration, canopy interception, meteorological factors

中图分类号:

S715.4

王云霓,曹恭祥,徐丽宏,等. 内蒙古大青山华北落叶松人工林蒸散特征及其影响因子[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2023, 47(4): 148-156.

WANG Yunni, CAO Gongxiang, XU Lihong, CHEN Shengnan. Evapotranspiration characteristics of Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation and its impact factors in the Daqing Mountains of Inner Mongolia[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2023, 47(4): 148-156.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202111041.

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项目 item	编号 mumber	胸径/ cm DBH	边材面积/ cm² sapwood area	树高/m height	活枝下高/m high under living branch	死枝下高/m high under dead branch	冠幅/m crown diameter
树干液流 sap flow	1	8.45	35.37	7.70	7.70	3.20	1.15
	2	10.30	50.11	10.30	5.60	3.40	2.65
	3	11.50	60.84	11.10	5.70	3.60	2.41
	4	12.30	68.48	13.40	5.80	4.80	1.57
	5	11.90	64.61	11.90	6.60	4.20	2.21
	6	13.40	79.63	12.10	5.20	3.40	2.01
	7	14.40	90.38	13.90	8.10	4.40	1.87
	8	14.50	91.49	13.60	6.30	4.30	3.70
	9	15.60	104.05	13.30	5.10	2.50	3.60
	10	17.90	132.55	14.30	6.40	3.80	3.05
树干茎流 stem flow	11	9.40	42.66	5.50	3.60	2.40	1.83
	12	10.30	50.11	13.40	8.20	3.50	1.39
	13	12.70	72.45	12.70	5.80	4.00	1.72
	14	13.40	79.63	12.10	5.20	3.40	2.01
	15	14.90	95.97	12.90	5.30	2.30	3.21
	16	15.05	97.68	13.80	4.90	4.10	2.95
	17	16.48	114.60	14.30	6.10	3.30	2.91
	18	16.10	109.99	14.90	8.70	2.80	2.55
	19	17.50	127.38	14.00	7.30	3.60	2.77
	20	18.40	139.13	14.00	6.20	3.30	3.29

年份 year	林冠蒸腾/ (T_r) mm canopy trans- piration	林冠截留(I)/ mm canopy interception	林地蒸散 (E_Tf) /mm forest floor evapotran- spiration	T_r/E_T	I/E_T	E_Tf/E_T
2016	241.30	77.64	203.63	0.461 7	0.148 6	0.389 7
2017	260.97	79.90	242.80	0.447 1	0.136 9	0.416 0

指标 index	年份 year	气温 temperature	太阳辐射 solar radiation	大气相对湿度 air relative humidity	风速 wind speed	饱和气压差 saturated vapor pressure deficit	降水量 precipitation	土壤水分 soil water content
林分蒸散forest evapotranspiration	2016	0.875^*	0.491	0.378	-0.658^*	0.419	0.250	0.853^*
	2017	0.679^*	-0.38	0.929^**	-0.843^*	-0.329	0.660^*	0.625^*
林冠蒸腾canopy transpiration	2016	0.945^**	0.457	0.438	-0.597^*	0.398	0.526^*	0.932^**
	2017	0.942^**	0.397	0.494	-0.741^*	0.546	0.762^*	0.405
林冠截留 canopy interception	2016	0.223	-0.420	0.621^*	-0.314	-0.598	0.757^*	0.078
	2017	0.831^*	-0.258	0.931^**	-0.812^*	-0.166	0.644^*	-0.570
林地蒸散forest floor evapotranspiration	2016	0.554^*	0.560^*	0.023	-0.431	0.564^*	-0.257	0.587^*
	2017	0.040	0.699^*	0.656^*	-0.445	0.764^*	0.236	0.611^*

内蒙古大青山华北落叶松人工林蒸散特征及其影响因子

Evapotranspiration characteristics of Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation and its impact factors in the Daqing Mountains of Inner Mongolia

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