大兴安岭中部地区不同林分类型结构复杂性评价

董灵波; 唐亚如; 田栋元; 刘兆刚; 蔺雪莹

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202112016

董灵波, 唐亚如, 田栋元, 刘兆刚, 蔺雪莹

南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (5) : 147-155.

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (5) : 147-155. DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202112016

研究论文

大兴安岭中部地区不同林分类型结构复杂性评价

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Evaluating the structure complexity of different forest types in the central part of the Greater Khingan Mountains

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摘要

【目的】通过对不同林分类型结构复杂性的评价来确定影响林分结构的主要因素,为后续森林结构经营的精准调整提供理论依据。【方法】以大兴安岭地区翠岗林场的不同林分类型(白桦林、兴安落叶松-白桦混交林和兴安落叶松林)为研究对象,基于不同林分类型的30块固定样地调查数据,从林分结构、林木大小多样性、林分活力和土壤状况4个方面选取13个指标,采用雷达图法对不同林分类型结构复杂性状况进行评价。【结果】 3个林分类型林分直径分布均为倒“J”形;林分整体呈随机或轻微均匀分布;林木大小分化呈劣势和中庸分化状态;林分密集程度从中等状态向密集状态转变;林分混交度、Simpson多样性指数、Shannon-Wiener 指数和Pielou均匀度指数均在兴安落叶松-白桦混交林有最大值,而林分蓄积和健康木占比在兴安落叶松林有最大值;林下天然更新数量、土壤有机质含量、土壤腐殖质层厚度在不同林型间则无显著差异(P>0.05)。林分结构复杂性评价指数大小依次是兴安落叶松-白桦混交林(0.45)>兴安落叶松林(0.37)>白桦林(0.31),其中混交度、Simpson多样性指数、健康木占比是影响林分结构复杂性的主要因素。【结论】大兴安岭中部地区森林林分结构复杂性整体处于劣势,在后续森林经营中,可适当增加物种多样性,改善林内环境,以促进森林恢复和演替的正向进行。

Abstract

【Objective】The complexity of different forest types was evaluated to determine the main factors affecting stand structure and provide a theoretical basis upon which the precise forest management can be developed.【Method】A total of 30 permanent sample plots comprising different stand types (Betula platyphylla forest, Larix gmelinii-Betula platyphylla mixed forest and Larix gmelinii forest) in Cuigang Forest Farm, the Greater Khingan Mountains were investigated and 13 indicators selected to consider four aspects, namely stand structure, forest tree size diversity, forest dynamic and soil conditions. The stand complexity was evaluated using the radar chart method.【Result】The diameter distribution of the three stand types was found to be in the form of an inverse “J” pattern, with the overall tree distribution generally random; however, slight uniformity was observed. The tree size differentiation was inferior and middling, while stand density varied from medium to dense. The maximum stand mixing, Simpson diversity, Shannon-Wiener and Pielou evenness index results were obtained for L. gmelinii-B. platyphylla mixed forest, while the maximum stand volume and healthy wood proportion were observed in L. gmelinii forest. No significant differences were observed in terms of natural regeneration, soil organic matter, and soil humus layer thickness in different succession stages (P>0.05). The forest structure complexity was observed in the order of L. gmelinii-B. platyphylla mixed forest (0.45) > L. gmelinii forest (0.37) > B. platyphylla forest (0.31), during which the stand mixing, the Simpson diversity index, and the healthy tree proportion were the main factors affecting complexity. 【Conclusion】 The overall complexity of the forest structure is inferior. For the subsequent forest management, increasing the species diversity and improving the forest environment can promote positive progress in forest restoration and succession.

导出引用

董灵波, 唐亚如, 田栋元, 等. 大兴安岭中部地区不同林分类型结构复杂性评价[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）. 2023, 47(5): 147-155 https://doi.org/10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202112016

DONG Lingbo, TANG Yaru, TIAN Dongyuan, et al. Evaluating the structure complexity of different forest types in the central part of the Greater Khingan Mountains[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY. 2023, 47(5): 147-155 https://doi.org/10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202112016

中图分类号： S718

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