欧洲云杉无性系幼龄生长节律、年度和密度互作效应及选择策略

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202112031

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (6): 95-104.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202112031

欧洲云杉无性系幼龄生长节律、年度和密度互作效应及选择策略

欧阳¹^,²(), 欧阳芳群³^,^*(), 孙猛³, 王超³, 王军辉¹^,^*(), 安三平⁴, 王丽芳⁴, 许娜⁴, 王猛²

1.林木遗传育种国家重点实验室,中国林业科学研究院林业研究所,国家林业局林木培育重点实验室,北京 100091
2.西南林业大学林学院,云南昆明 650224
3.北京市植物园管理处,北京市花卉园艺工程技术研究中心,城乡生态环境北京实验室,北京 100093
4.甘肃小陇山林业科学研究所,甘肃天水 741022

收稿日期:2021-12-17 修回日期:2022-05-12 出版日期:2023-11-30 发布日期:2023-11-23
通讯作者: *欧阳芳群(fangqun163@163.com),高级工程师,负责数据分析与初稿修改;王军辉(wangjh@forestry.ac.cn),研究员,负责选题与试验方案设计。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0600606);中央财政林业科技推广示范资金项目;北京市公园管理中心科技项目(ZX2021012)

Young growth rhythm, annual and density interaction effects and selection strategies of Picea abies clones

OU Yang¹^,²(), OUYANG Fangqun³^,^*(), SUN Meng³, WANG Chao³, WANG Junhui¹^,^*(), AN Sanping⁴, WANG Lifang⁴, XU Na⁴, WANG Meng²

1. State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding,Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy Forestry, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China
2. College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
3. Beijing Botanical Garden, Beijing Floriculture Engineering Technology Research Centre, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing 100093, China
4. Forestry Research Institute of Xiaolongshan,Gansu Province,Tianshui 741022, China

Received:2021-12-17 Revised:2022-05-12 Online:2023-11-30 Published:2023-11-23

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】通过对欧洲云杉(Picea abies)无性系的生长性状进行遗传测定及选优,为甘肃省天水小陇山地区欧洲云杉的良种选育与推广应用提供参考。【方法】以幼龄捷克种源的欧洲云杉267个无性系为试材,调查4~9 a的生长量,分析无性系间的差异,估算无性系重复力,分析不同年份间的相关性,并开展优良无性系的初选。【结果】9 a树高平均值在(269.79 ±41.3) cm。4~9 a树高无性系重复力0.45~0.69,高重复力表明无性系具有选择潜力。分年龄遗传变异评价结果显示生长性状(树高、胸径、冠幅、新梢长和侧枝数等)在区组间、无性系间和无性系与区组互作效应都存在显著差异,且受无性系与区组互作效应影响较大(方差分量20.37%~27.23%)。综合各年数据方差分析显示年龄、区组、无性系、年龄和无性系互作效应、区组和无性系互作效应均显著影响树高生长,主要受年龄效应影响,方差分量70.05%;其次是受区组与无性系的互作效应影响,方差分量7.59%。年龄和无性系的互作效应相对较小,方差分量1.23%。年龄间树高表型相关(相关系数0.61~0.95)、遗传相关(0.62~0.97)和环境相关(0.63~0.95)均存在呈极显著正相关关系。以9 a树高相对遗传值由高到低依次进行选择,共选择出10个优良无性系,平均树高342.57~432.40 cm,入选率为3.7%,现实遗传增益9.72%~16.89%,预期遗传增益65.66%~107.88%。入选无性系与对照无性系树高比较结果显示4~9 a树高均值排序都是入选无性系大于对照无性系。采用Finlay-Wilkinson模型对4~9 a无性系树高均值进行了稳定性分析,无性系树高生长越快,稳定性模型估计值越大,无性系稳定性反而越差。年均树高增量与年极端高温呈显著正相关,与年降水量呈负相关。【结论】欧洲云杉无性系生长性状存在广泛遗传变异,重复力高,具有选择基础。以9 a树高性状遗传值选择出的10个欧洲云杉无性系可在甘肃天水小陇山地区推广应用。年份间极端高温和年均降水量的差异或许是入选无性系在年份间表现不稳定性的原因。

关键词: 欧洲云杉, 无性系, 生长节律, 遗传变异, 稳定性, 选择策略

Abstract:

【Objective】 This reseach aims to select Picea abies varieties for reforestation in Xiaolongshan area of Tianshui of Gansu Province based on analyses of early growth and genetic traits. 【Method】 Using 267 P. abies clones of young Czech provenance as test materials, we evaluated the growth and clone repeatability of 4 to 9 years old spruce trees, and the relationship with year, then the elite clones were chosen. 【Result】 The average tree height of 9 years old spruce was (269.79±41.3) cm. The repeatability of the clones during the period of 4 to 9 years old was 0.45 to 0.69, and the high repeatability indicated that the clones had selection potential. Age-specific genetic variation in growth traits (tree height, diameter at breast height, crown width, shoot length and number of collaterals, etc.) differed significantly among blocks and clones with pronounced interactions between the two (variance component 20.37%-27.23%). Tree height growth was affected by age, block, clone, interactions between age and clone, and between block and clone with variance component ranking order from high to low: age (70.05%), followed by the interactions between block and clone (7.59%), and between age and clone (1.23%). Significant positive correlations among growth years were found for tree height phenotypic traits (0.61-0.95), genetic traits (0.62-0.97) and environmental variables (0.63-0.95). Ten clones were selected for reforestation in the Xiaolongshan area based on the relative genetic value of the 9-year-old tree height with an average tree height of 369.7 cm. The selection rate was 3.7%, and the actual genetic enhancement for tree height was 9.72%-16.89% with an expected genetic enhancement of 65.66%-107.88% at tree mature stage. The average tree heights of the selected clones were higher than the control clones in 4 to 9 years with a substantial variation in height growth among different years. The Finlay-Wilkinson model was used to analyze the stability of the mean tree height of clones from 4 to 9 years old. The better the growth of the clone, the higher the estimated value of stability, indicating that the clone was more unstable. Annual average tree height increment correlated positively with the annual extreme high temperature, and negatively with the annual rainfall. 【Conclusion】 P. abies clones have extensive genetic variation in growth traits, high repeatability, and are opted for selection. The 10 P. abies clones selected based on their genetic values of tree height at 9 years can be used for afforestation in the Xiaolongshan area of Tianshui, Gansu. Differences in extreme high temperature and average annual rainfall between years may account for the instability of the selected clones across tree ages.

Key words: Picea abies, clone, growth rhythm, genetic variation, stability, selection strategy

中图分类号:

S722.5

欧阳,欧阳芳群,孙猛,等. 欧洲云杉无性系幼龄生长节律、年度和密度互作效应及选择策略[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2023, 47(6): 95-104.

OU Yang, OUYANG Fangqun, SUN Meng, WANG Chao, WANG Junhui, AN Sanping, WANG Lifang, XU Na, WANG Meng. Young growth rhythm, annual and density interaction effects and selection strategies of Picea abies clones[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2023, 47(6): 95-104.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202112031.

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年份 year	年均气温/℃ annual mean temperature	极端最高气温/℃ extreme high temperature	极端最低气温/℃ extreme low temperature	年降水量/ mm annual rainfall
2012	11.54	33.39	-14.89	601.22
2013	12.62	33.72	-13.00	934.72
2014	12.38	37.39	-12.11	514.35
2015	12.66	36.50	-10.28	430.28
2016	13.07	37.61	-15.78	563.88
2017	12.68	38.50	-9.78	751.84

年龄/a age	变异来源 source of variation	自由度 df	树高 height			生长速率 growth rate
年龄/a age	变异来源 source of variation	自由度 df	均方 MS	F	方差分量/% variance component	均方 MS	F	方差分量/% variance component
9	区组block	3	1 008 511.60	514.98^**	33.84	224	56.64^**	6.24
	无性系clones	266	9 984.60	1.88^**	11.14	012	1.33^**	5.74
	无性系×区组block×clones	707	5 309.81	2.71^**	26.14	009	2.25^**	36.62
	误差error	880	1 958.34		28.88	004		51.40
8	区组block	3	487 015.18	448.56^**	29.14	136	53.29^**	6.86
	无性系clones	266	6 801.51	2.47^**	16.43	008	1.60^**	6.11
	无性系×区组block×clones	710	2 749.25	2.53^**	23.96	005	1.67^**	32.58
	误差error	933	1 085.73		30.47	003		54.44
7	区组block	3	213 949.06	283.64^**	20.49	036	11.43^**	1.70
	无性系clones	266	4 940.44	2.68^**	20.07	007	2.33^**	6.14
	无性系×区组block×clones	710	1 845.90	2.20^**	25.33	005	1.67^**	23.45
	误差error	933	754.31		34.11	003		68.70
6	区组block	3	84 741.56	224.62^**	16.35	320	103.30^**	12.38
	无性系clones	266	2 603.92	2.20^**	21.64	009	1.50^**	6.22
	无性系×区组block×clones	710	952.93	2.20^**	27.23	006	2.00^**	29.02
	误差error	933	377.26		34.78	003		52.37
5	区组block	3	39 924.50	216.12^**	12.15	080	43.68^**	4.58
	无性系clones	266	1 461.60	2.20^**	21.04	008	1.60^**	9.11
	无性系×区组block×clones	724	499.80	2.20^**	24.67	005	2.50^**	42.23
	误差error	956	184.74		42.14	002		44.08
4	区组block	3	10 303.80	108.78^**	6.90
	无性系clones	266	665.50	2.20^**	21.10
	无性系×区组block×clones	725	208.00	2.20^**	20.37
	误差error	956	94.72		51.64

年龄/a age	观测无性系 observation clone	均值/cm mean	标准差 SD	V_p/%	V_g/%	变异幅度/cm variation range	重复力 repeatability
4	267	68.89	9.12	13.24	11.06	41.72~102.38	0.69
5	267	95.24	14.11	14.82	11.82	55.15~140.94	0.66
6	267	136.98	19.80	14.45	11.18	69.50~193.00	0.63
7	267	178.21	26.97	15.13	11.82	95.00~270.63	0.63
8	267	218.25	31.67	14.51	11.09	116.80~329.00	0.60
9	267	269.79	41.30	15.31	10.19	138.00~432.40	0.45

变异来源 source of variation	自由度 df	树高 height
变异来源 source of variation	自由度 df	均方 MS	F	方差分量/% source of variation	均方 MS	F	方差分量/% source of variation
年龄year	5	9 956 230.67	82.62^**	70.05	0.57	2.10^**	0.87
区组block	3	1 231 644.36	1 723.98^**	5.07	10.61	1 768.33^**	19.36
年龄×区组year×block	15	118 354.42	165.67^**	3.33	0.26	43.33^**	2.88
无性系clones	266	19 662.91	158.32^**	3.44	0.20	65.00^**	15.99
区组×无性系block×clones	725	7 660.26	2.00^**	7.59	0.07	2.47^**	32.29
年龄×无性系year×clones	1 330	1 404.34	1.88^**	1.23	0.007	1.75^**	2.71
年龄×区组×无性系year×block×clones	3 562	747.57	1.05^**	0.22	0.004	0.67	0.87
误差error	5 592	714.42		9.08	0.006		25.88

排名 rank	入选无性系号 No. of selected clones	树高相对遗传值 height breeding value	树高均值/cm mean height	现实遗传增益/% actual genetic gain	预期遗传增益/% expected genetic gain
1	1221	0.601	432.40	16.89	107.88
2	0047	0.470	397.20	14.39	90.96
3	1568	0.410	381.00	13.09	83.17
4	1824	0.335	360.57	11.29	73.35
5	0936	0.334	360.33	11.26	73.24
6	0448	0.328	358.80	11.12	72.50
7	2139	0.318	356.17	10.87	71.23
8	1142	0.318	356.00	10.85	71.15
9	9039	0.294	349.50	10.22	68.03
10	0891	0.276	344.57	9.72	65.66

欧洲云杉无性系幼龄生长节律、年度和密度互作效应及选择策略

Young growth rhythm, annual and density interaction effects and selection strategies of Picea abies clones

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无性系号 clonal No.	4 a 遗传值 4 a genetic value	无性系号 clonal No.	5 a 遗传值 5 a genetic value	无性系号 clonal No.	6 a 遗传值 6 a genetic value	无性系号 clonal No.	7 a 遗传值 7 a genetic value	无性系号 clonal No.	8 a 遗传值 8 a genetic value	无性系号 clonal No.	9 a 遗传值 9 a genetic value
1069	0.494	1069	0.408	1375	0.399	1221	0.508	1221	0.500	1221	0.601
1568	0.386	1375	0.368	1142	0.375	0047	0.442	1375	0.336	0047	0.470
1966	0.335	0047	0.312	1221	0.368	1375	0.379	0047	0.335	1568	0.410
0448	0.275	1568	0.310	0047	0.330	1142	0.369	2139	0.326	1824	0.335
1824	0.271	1221	0.306	0963	0.312	1568	0.355	1568	0.316	0936	0.334
0963	0.256	0448	0.298	1568	0.311	1824	0.302	9039	0.300	0448	0.328
1549	0.248	1824	0.290	1595	0.288	1717	0.289	1378	0.279	2139	0.318
1201	0.247	1378	0.282	1966	0.279	2139	0.282	0448	0.277	1142	0.318
1221	0.240	1142	0.270	1069	0.273	1595	0.276	0936	0.276	9039	0.294
1375	0.240	0963	0.269	1717	0.273	1378	0.271	1595	0.266	0891	0.276

无性系号 clonal No.	模型估计值 estimated value	排名 rank	入选年龄/a age
0891	95.04	255	9
0448	95.98	257	4、5、8、9
1824	97.39	259	4、5、7、9
1142	101.13	261	5、6、7、9
0936	101.76	262	8、9
2139	101.84	263	7、8、9
1568	102.40	264	4、5、6、7、8、9
9039	103.69	265	8、9
0047	110.82	266	5、6、7、8、9
1221	125.87	267	4、5、6、7、8、9

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