青海省天保工程土壤保持效益评价研究

梁梓澳; 王祥福; 王维枫; 闫珂; 李愿会; 董文婷; 王荣女

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202201014

青海省天保工程土壤保持效益评价研究

梁梓澳, 王祥福, 王维枫, 闫珂, 李愿会, 董文婷, 王荣女

南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (5) : 181-188.

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (5) : 181-188. DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202201014

研究论文

青海省天保工程土壤保持效益评价研究

梁梓澳 ¹ ,
王祥福 ²^,^* ,
王维枫 ¹^,^* ,
闫珂 ¹ ,
李愿会 ² ,
董文婷 ² ,
王荣女 ²

作者信息 +

Evaluation of soil conservation benefit of the Natural Forest Protection Project in Qinghai Province

LIANG Zi’ao ¹ ,
WANG Xiangfu ²^,^* ,
WANG Weifeng ¹^,^* ,
YAN Ke ¹ ,
LI Yuanhui ² ,
DONG Wenting ² ,
WANG Rongnü ²

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

【目的】评估青海省天然林保护工程(天保工程)实施20年来土壤保持量及空间分布特征,了解该地区生态环境保护状态,为推动地方生态建设和经济发展提供理论参考。【方法】基于通用土壤流失方程(USLE)模型,结合土地利用数据、地形数据、多年气候数据和土壤数据对青海省土壤保持量进行计算并在GIS平台上进行空间分析,探明在天保工程实施下土地利用类型、行政区、地形等因子影响下的土壤保持情况,并评估天保工程土壤保持效益。【结果】 ①2000—2020年,青海省主要土地利用类型以草地和裸地为主。由于天保工程的实施,土地利用变化主要表现在乔灌林地面积的扩张和裸地面积的减少,东部大面积灌木林地和草地转为乔木林地,草地和灌木林地是乔木林地面积增长的主要来源;②天保工程实施的20年间,土壤保持量增加了4.950×10⁶ t,但在空间上分布不均,呈现东部和南部较高、西北部较低的态势;③不同土地利用类型的土壤保持能力各异,乔木林地单位面积土壤保持量最高,灌木林地土壤保持总量在20年间增加最多;④在不同行政区中,海东市、西宁市和黄南州土壤保持量20年间增加最多;④在海拔和坡度方面,20年间海拔梯度[1 667,2 600) m和较陡坡[15°,25°)的土壤保持效果较好,单位面积土壤保持量最大。【结论】天保工程的实施显著增强了青海省土壤保持功能;灌木林地和乔木林地是青海省土壤保持量增长的主要类型;海拔梯度[1 667,2 600) m和较陡坡[15°~25°)的生态系统土壤保持效果较好,应继续加强保护。

Abstract

【Objective】This study evaluated the soil conservation and spatial distribution characteristics of the Natural Forest Protection Project in Qinghai Province over the past 20 years, to understand the ecological and environmental protection status of this area, and provide a theoretical reference for the promotion of local ecological construction and economic development.【Method】Based on the universal soil loss equation (USLE) model, combined with land use data, terrain data, multi-year climate data, and soil data, the soil conservation of Qinghai Province was calculated and spatially analyzed through a GIS platform (ArcGIS 10.4) to verify the land use types, administrative districts, and topography factors during 2000-2020. Additionally, the benefits of soil conservation under the implementation of the Natural Forest Protection Project were evaluated. 【Result】(1) The grassland and bare land were the main land use types in Qinghai Province from 2000 to 2020. The implementation of the Natural Forest Protection Project, resulted in the expansion of land use as forests and a decrease in the bare land. The shrubland and grassland in the east were transformed into forests, which became the main sources of forest growth. (2) Under the implementation of the Natural Forest Protection Project, soil conservation increased by 4.950×10⁶ t. The amount of soil conservation was higher in the east and south, but lower in the northwest. (3) Different land use types had different soil conservation capacities and soil conservation per unit area was highest in the forests. The total amount of soil conservation in the shrublands increased the most over the 20 years. (4) The amount of soil conservation in Haidong, Xining and Huangnan increased the most during 2000-2020. (5) In terms of altitude and slope, the soil conservation per unit area was highest at an altitude gradient of 1 667-2 600 m and steeper slopes (15°-25°). 【Conclusion】The implementation of the Natural Forest Protection Project has prominently enhanced the soil conservation function in the Qinghai Province and the expansion of shrubs and forests further contribute to soil conservation. Thus, land areas at an altitude of 1 667-2 600 m and steep slopes (15°-25°) should be protected in the future.

导出引用

梁梓澳, 王祥福, 王维枫, 等. 青海省天保工程土壤保持效益评价研究[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）. 2023, 47(5): 181-188 https://doi.org/10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202201014

LIANG Zi’ao, WANG Xiangfu, WANG Weifeng, et al. Evaluation of soil conservation benefit of the Natural Forest Protection Project in Qinghai Province[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY. 2023, 47(5): 181-188 https://doi.org/10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202201014

中图分类号： S157;S718

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孙文义, 邵全琴, 刘纪远. 黄土高原不同生态系统水土保持服务功能评价[J]. 自然资源学报, 2014, 29(3):365-376.

https://doi.org/10.11849/zrzyxb.2014.03.001

摘要

以土壤保持量为评估指标，应用修正通用土壤流失方程，评估了黄土高原水土保持生态系统服务功能，分析了近20 a 来的黄土高原土壤保持量的空间分布及其动态变化，对于揭示全球气候变化背景下黄土高原林草植被建设的生态成效具有重要的科学价值和现实意义。结果表明：1990—2010 年黄土高原平均单位面积土壤保持量为305 t·hm-2·a-1，年均土壤保持总量为190×108 t。1990—2000 年农田、草地和林地生态系统平均单位面积土壤保持量分别为249、285 和640 t·hm-2·a-1，2000—2010 年平均单位面积土壤保持量分别增加了14.6%、2.9%和7.4%。黄土高原草地和林地的土壤保持率分别为83%~88%和94%~97%。农田生态系统土壤保持量的空间分布特征表现为黄土丘陵沟壑区和黄土高塬沟壑区较大，农灌区和河谷平原区偏低；草地和林地生态系统土壤保持量的空间分布特征表现为沿东南向西北减少的变化趋势。与1990—2000 年不同，2000—2010 年农田、草地和林地生态系统土壤保持量的空间变化特征表现为较为明显的增长趋势，尤其是黄土丘陵沟壑区陕西榆林、延安地区和山西吕梁山区一带。

SUN

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