【目的】研究叶面喷施中量和微量元素肥料对文冠果生长、产量和品质的影响,以筛选最适文冠果的中微量元素肥料。【方法】利用大田试验,以4年生文冠果为试验材料,在土壤施肥的基础上叶面喷施中微量元素肥料,设置硼(B)、铁(Fe)、锌(Zn)、钼(Mo)和硅(Si)等5种施肥处理,喷施质量浓度分别为150、65、300、10、210 mg/L,以叶面喷施清水为对照(CK),共6个处理,叶面喷施共进行3次。测定叶面肥施用前后文冠果的树高、地径、冠幅、叶绿素含量等生长和生理指标,果实成熟后测定果径、单株结果数、单果籽粒数、千粒质量、种子出仁率、百叶干质量等产量和品质指标。基于测定的各项指标,使用主成分分析法对施肥效果进行评价,进而分析不同中微肥对文冠果的影响。【结果】中微量元素对文冠果的生长主要体现在:对树体生长、百叶干质量和叶绿素含量、果实产量和品质的影响,且不同元素具有不同的影响。在树体生长方面,Zn肥显著提高了文冠果的树高和冠幅,增长量分别为25.53、22.33 cm,是CK处理的1.40和1.46倍,Si肥显著提高了树高、地径和冠幅,分别增长了22.60 cm、7.66 mm、21.17 cm,是CK处理的1.24、1.36和1.38倍(P <0.05);在百叶干质量和叶绿素含量方面,Mo肥提高了文冠果的百叶干质量,Mo肥和B肥增加了叶绿素含量;在产量和品质方面,Zn肥显著增大了文冠果的果径,显著提高了单株结果数、单果籽粒数、千粒质量和种子出仁率(P<0.05),分别为CK处理的1.33、1.19、1.22、1.29和1.16倍。其他中微量元素对文冠果生长、产量和品质也表现出一定的促进和提升效果。各施肥处理的主成分得分表明,Zn肥的效果最好,其次分别为Si、Fe、B、Mo肥及CK处理。【结论】适宜的中微量元素能有效促进文冠果的树体生长,增强其叶片生理功能,提升种子的产量与品质。

【Objective】 The effects of foliar spraying of medium and trace element fertilizers on the growth, fruit yield and quality of Xanthoceras sorbifolium were studied in order to screen the most suitable medium and trace element fertilizers for X. sorbifolium.【Method】 Based on the field experiment and the 4-year-old X. sorbifolium as the experimental material, the foliar surface was sprayed with medium and trace element fertilizer on the basis of soil fertilization and five fertilization treatments, including boron (B), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), molybdenum (Mo) and silicon (Si) were set; the spraying mass concentrations were 150, 65, 300, 10 and 210 mg/L, respectively. With foliar spraying of the same amount of clear water as the control (CK), there were six treatments in total. Foliar spraying was carried out three times. Growth and physiological indices such as tree height growth, ground diameter growth, crown width growth and chlorophyll content of X. sorbifolium before and after leaf fertilizer application were measured. After the fruit matured, fruit yield and quality indices such as fruit diameter, number of fruits per plant, number of seeds per fruit, 1 000 seeds mass, seed kernel yield and 100 leaves dry matter mass were measured. Based on the measured indices, the fertilization effect was evaluated by a principal component analysis, and then the effects of different medium and trace element fertilizers on X. sorbifolium were analyzed. 【Result】 The effects of medium and trace elements on the growth of X. sorbifolium are mainly reflected in the following aspects: tree growth, 100 leaves dry matter mass, chlorophyll content, fruit yield, and quality; different elements have different effects. In terms of tree growth, Zn fertilizer significantly increased the tree height and crown width growth of X. sorbifolium, with an increases of 25.53 and 22.33 cm, respectively (1.40 and 1.46 times that of CK treatment); Si fertilizer significantly increased the tree height, ground diameter and crown width growth, with increases of 22.60 cm, 7.66 mm and 21.17 cm, respectively (1.24, 1.36 and 1.38 times that of CK treatment; P<0.05). Mo fertilizer increased 100 leaves dry matter mass of X. sorbifolium, while Mo fertilizer and B fertilizer increased the chlorophyll content. Zn fertilizer significantly increased the fruit diameter of X. sorbifolium, the fruit yield per plant, the number of seeds per fruit, 1 000 seeds mass,and seed kernel yield, which were 1.33, 1.19, 1.22, 1.29 and 1.16 times higher than those of CK treatment, respectively. Other medium and trace elements also showed certain promotional and improvement effects on tree growth, fruit yield and quality of X. sorbifolium. The principal component score of each fertilization treatment showed that the effect of Zn fertilizer was the best, followed by Si, Fe, B, Mo fertilizer and CK treatment.【Conclusion】 Appropriate medium and trace element fertilizers can effectively promote the tree growth of X. sorbifolium, enhance its physiological function on leaves, and improve the yield and quality of seeds.