长白落叶松人工林多目标经营模式研究

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202201034

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (2): 150-158.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202201034

长白落叶松人工林多目标经营模式研究

宋磊¹(), 金星姬¹^,^*(), PUKKALA Timo¹^,², 李凤日¹

1.东北林业大学林学院,森林生态系统可持续经营教育部重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨 150040
2.School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu 111, 80101

收稿日期:2022-01-21 修回日期:2022-04-27 出版日期:2023-03-30 发布日期:2023-03-28
通讯作者: * 金星姬(xingji_jin@163.com),高级工程师。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金区域创新发展联合基金项目(U21A20244);国家自然科学基金面上项目(32071758);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2572020BA01)

Research on multi-objective management schedules of Larix olgensis plantations

SONG Lei¹(), JIN Xingji¹^,^*(), PUKKALA Timo¹^,², LI Fengri¹

1. Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
2. School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu 111, 80101, Finland

Received:2022-01-21 Revised:2022-04-27 Online:2023-03-30 Published:2023-03-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】我国林业目前处于提高森林资源质量和转变发展方式的关键阶段,林分水平的经营决策对科学制订森林经营规程、提高森林质量具有重要意义。利用模拟-优化系统,探究不同林分条件下的最佳经营模式,可为提高黄花落叶松(Larix olgensis)(俗名长白落叶松)人工林多目标经营水平提供理论基础和实施方案。【方法】以标准长白落叶松人工幼龄林为研究对象,利用多属性效用函数和妥协性分析构建包括净现值、大径材产量和林木碳储量的多目标经营模型,链接林分生长模型与粒子群优化算法,优化不同经营方程并提出经营模式。【结果】在不同造林密度(2 500和3 300株/hm²)及不同地位指数(16~22 m)下两种多目标方程(MOF₁和MOF₂)估算的林分主伐年龄为54~96 a,净现值为38 047.8~109 194.9 元/hm²,大径材年均产量为1.8~4.4 m³/(hm²·a),轮伐期内年均林木碳储量为59.7~103.1 t/(hm²·a)。随着林木碳储量权重的增加(从MOF₁到MOF₂),大径材产量提高,但净现值降低。【结论】本研究提出的多目标经营模式可以满足对木材产量、质量和经济效益的需求,同时兼顾了森林碳储量,其中多目标经营方程MOF₁是权衡各目标效益的折中方案,研究结论对提升我国森林多功能经营管理水平具有重要借鉴意义。

关键词: 长白落叶松(黄花落叶松)人工林, 多目标经营模式, 净现值, 大径材产量, 碳储量

Abstract:

【Objective】 At present, China’s forestry is in a critical stage of improving the quality of forest resources and transforming the development pattern. Management decisions at the stand level are of great significance for formulating forest management schedules scientifically and improving forest quality. In this study, a simulation-optimization system was used to identify the optimal management schedules for different stand conditions of larch (Larix olgensis) plantations. The results provide a theoretical foundation and silvicultural planning for multi-objective management of larch plantations.【Method】 Multi-attribute utility function and compromise analyses were applied to construct an objective function for multi-functional forestry including net present values, large log production, and forest carbon storage during the rotation, based on standard young larch plantations. Basic growth and yield models linked with the particle swarm optimization algorithm were used to the optimize forest management under different objective functions. The results were used to propose management guidelines for larch plantations.【Result】 The rotation lengths with the two multi-objective utility functions (MOF₁ and MOF₂) under different planting densities (2 500 trees per hm² and 3 300 trees per hm²) and different site indices (16-22 m) were 54-96 years; the net present value ranged from 38 047.8 to 109 194.9 yuan/hm², the mean annual large log production was 1.8-4.4 m³/hm², and the average forest carbon storage was 59.7-103.1 t/hm² during the rotation. With the increasing weight of forest carbon storage (from MOF₁ to MOF₂), large log production increased, but was achieved at the cost of the reduced net present value.【Conclusion】 The multi-objective management schedules proposed in the study can simultaneously satisfy the demand for wood production, quality, and economic profitability. At the same time, carbon storage of the forest is considered. The multi-objective utility function MOF₁ is a compromise between different management objectives. This study provides an important reference for improving the multi-functional forest management in China.

Key words: Larix olgensis plantation, multi-objective management schedules, net present value, large log production, carbon stock

中图分类号:

S757

宋磊,金星姬,PUKKALA Timo,等. 长白落叶松人工林多目标经营模式研究[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2023, 47(2): 150-158.

SONG Lei, JIN Xingji, PUKKALA Timo, LI Fengri. Research on multi-objective management schedules of Larix olgensis plantations[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2023, 47(2): 150-158.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202201034.

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参考文献 33

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统计项目 statistic item	林分年龄/a stand age	林分平均胸径/cm stand DBH	林分优势高/m stand dominant height	林分密度/ (株·hm^-2) stand density	林分断面积/ (m²·hm^-2) stand basal area	Weibull参数 Weibull function
统计项目 statistic item	林分年龄/a stand age	林分平均胸径/cm stand DBH	林分优势高/m stand dominant height	林分密度/ (株·hm^-2) stand density	林分断面积/ (m²·hm^-2) stand basal area	b	c
最小值 min	7	5.6	7.0	267	0.75	5.86	1.97
最大值 max	67	28.2	33.2	4 483	48.08	33.47	10.65
平均值 mean	26	13.7	17.8	1 556	17.78	16.17	4.62
标准差 SD	14	5.1	5.4	890	6.01	6.00	1.31

地位指数/m site index	林分优势高/m stand dominant height	各林分平均胸径/cmstand DBH
地位指数/m site index	林分优势高/m stand dominant height	3 300株/hm²	2 500株/hm²
16	5.2	4.9	5.2
18	6.3	5.4	5.7
20	7.3	6.0	6.3
22	8.5	6.6	6.9

规格材 assortment	小头去皮直径/cm minimum top diameter under bark	最短长度/m minimum piece length	立木价格/ (元·m^-3) stumpage price
大径材 large log	26	4	850
中径材 medium log	18	4	700
小径材 small log	12	4	580

地位指数/m site index	林分密度/ (株·hm^-2) density	目标方程 objective function	优化结果optimization result
地位指数/m site index	林分密度/ (株·hm^-2) density	目标方程 objective function	R	LP	LLP	NPV	CS	U
16		OF₁	59	8.5	1.7	58 903.2	57.4	—
	2 500	MOF₁	61	8.7	1.8	58 882.1	59.7	0.292 1
		MOF₂	75	9.0	2.7	49 033.3	81.8	0.318 7
		OF₁	52	8.8	0.7	67 387.3	50.0	—
	3 300	MOF₁	66	8.2	2.0	51 494.3	62.1	0.264 4
		MOF₂	96	9.1	4.2	38 047.8	103.1	0.346 3
18		OF₁	58	9.5	2.0	74 232.0	61.3	—
	2 500	MOF₁	59	9.6	2.1	73 364.0	63.5	0.335 7
		MOF₂	72	9.8	3.4	59 433.4	81.9	0.363 9
		OF₁	48	9.7	0.9	81 423.1	47.5	—
	3 300	MOF₁	63	9.5	2.2	68 873.5	70.8	0.323 9
		MOF₂	82	10.2	4.4	58 452.1	92.4	0.395 2
20		OF₁	57	11.0	2.9	85 058.2	68.7	—
	2 500	MOF₁	58	11.1	3.0	83 145.3	71.8	0.404 2
		MOF₂	69	11.0	4.0	72 361.9	84.9	0.418 0
		OF₁	47	11.2	1.2	98 033.1	48.1	—
	3 300	MOF₁	58	12.0	2.5	93 153.0	72.0	0.426 2
		MOF₂	70	11.8	3.7	79 912.4	84.6	0.435 5
22		OF₁	56	12.1	2.9	109 271.1	65.6	—
	2 500	MOF₁	56	12.2	3.0	105 683.3	71.0	0.474 3
		MOF₂	60	12.3	3.6	96 090.1	77.1	0.471 1
		OF₁	45	12.7	2.0	116 220.5	57.0	—
	3 300	MOF₁	54	13.4	2.4	109 194.9	70.2	0.479 5
		MOF₂	60	13.1	3.0	103 016.5	76.2	0.478 2

长白落叶松人工林多目标经营模式研究

Research on multi-objective management schedules of Larix olgensis plantations

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造林密度/ (株·hm^-2) planting density	间伐处理 thinning treatment	地位指数/m site index	林龄/a stand age			保留株数/ (株·hm^-2) the number of remaining trees			蓄积强度/% thinning intensity of volume
造林密度/ (株·hm^-2) planting density	间伐处理 thinning treatment	地位指数/m site index	OF₁	MOF₁	MOF₂	OF₁	MOF₁	MOF₂	OF₁	MOF₁	MOF₂
2 500	第1次间伐 the first thinning	16	23	23	21	1 010	1 030	1 560	≤18	≤18	≤17
		18	21	22	20	970	970	1 520	≤18	≤18	≤16
		20	20	22	20	900	930	1 450	≤16	≤16	≤17
		22	19	21	20	880	880	1 400	≤18	≤16	≤14
	第2次间伐 the second thinning	16	36	34	38	630	620	1 050	≤18	≤18	≤18
		18	34	33	38	620	610	980	≤17	≤17	≤17
		20	32	33	38	610	610	960	≤18	≤18	≤18
		22	30	32	33	590	600	950	≤18	≤18	≤19
	主伐 final cutting	16	59	61	75	—	—	—	—	—	—
		18	58	59	72	—	—	—	—	—	—
		20	57	58	69	—	—	—	—	—	—
		22	56	56	60	—	—	—	—	—	—
3 300	第1次间伐 the first thinning	16	24	21	21	1 220	1 360	1 960	≤15	≤17	≤18
		18	23	20	18	1 200	1 330	1 880	≤15	≤14	≤18
		20	22	20	18	1 190	1 200	1 880	≤16	≤13	≤16
		22	19	16	16	1 170	1 160	1 750	≤16	≤13	≤12
	第2次间伐 the second thinning	16	30	30	36	850	950	1 340	≤16	≤16	≤19
		18	29	29	36	820	920	1 270	≤18	≤15	≤19
		20	28	27	35	800	830	1 190	≤18	≤14	≤18
		22	27	26	31	790	810	1 080	≤15	≤14	≤18
	第3次间伐 the third thinning	16	40	47	59	580	660	830	≤18	≤14	≤18
		18	37	45	59	570	640	830	≤17	≤15	≤18
		20	35	43	48	560	580	820	≤17	≤13	≤18
		22	33	39	45	550	560	740	≤19	≤12	≤14
	主伐 final cutting	16	52	66	96	—	—	—	—	—	—
		18	48	63	82	—	—	—	—	—	—
		20	47	58	70	—	—	—	—	—	—
		22	45	54	60	—	—	—	—	—	—

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