【目的】 从区域到村落分析徽州传统村落,研究自然山水对徽州传统村落分布与肌理结构的影响,为徽州传统村落保护提出新的思路。【方法】 以徽州区域内入选国家级以及省级的共计525个传统村落为研究对象,采用最邻近指数、地理集中指数、空间基尼系数等量化指标来反映村落空间分布特征,从定性和定量相结合的角度研究山水特征与村落分布、肌理结构之间的关系。【结果】 徽州传统村落在空间上呈现不均衡聚集分布,选址多位于丘陵和盆地中,海拔在100~300 m的村落占78%;分布在水网300 m缓冲区内的村落约占65%,分布在水网500 m缓冲区内的村落占90%;传统村落布局、内部街巷结构等肌理呈现顺应山形水势变化的典型特征。【结论】 山水作为徽州独特的自然资源,决定了村落空间分布位置,影响村落的选址、布局、内部结构,并内化成徽州特有的聚集、团结、拼搏等村落文化。

This reseach aims to analyze traditional villages in Huizhou from region to village, and to study the impact of natural landscapes on the distribution and texture structure of traditional villages in Huizhou region, and propose a new idea for the protection of traditional villages in Huizhou region. 【 Method 】 A total of 525 traditional villages selected at the national and provincial levels in Huizhou region were selected as the research objects. Quantitative indicators such as the nearest neighbor index, geographic concentration index, and spatial Gini coefficient were used to reflect the spatial distribution characteristics of villages. The relationship among mountain and water landscape characteristics, village distribution, and the texture structure was studied from a combination of qualitative and quantitative perspectives. 【Result 】Traditional villages in Huizhou exhibited an uneven spatial clustering distribution, with locations mostly located in hills and basins. Villages with elevations ranging from 100-300 m account for 78%, villages distributed within a 300 m buffer zone of the water network account for 65%, and villages distributed within a 500 m buffer zone of the water network account for 90%. The layout of traditional villages and the structure of internal streets and alleys exhibit characteristics that conform to the changes in mountain and water forms. 【 Conclusion 】 As a unique natural resource in Huizhou, mountains and waters determine the spatial distribution of villages, affect their location, layout, and internal structure, and internalize into Huizhou’s unique village culture of gathering, unity and hard work.