基于结构方程模型的大兴安岭北部天然林森林生态系统恢复能力评价研究

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202202029

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (1): 196-204.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202202029

基于结构方程模型的大兴安岭北部天然林森林生态系统恢复能力评价研究

萨如拉(), 王子瑞, 滑永春(), 呼日查, 刘磊, 高明龙, 于晓雨

内蒙古农业大学林学院,内蒙古呼和浩特 010019

收稿日期:2022-02-28 修回日期:2022-05-09 出版日期:2024-01-30 发布日期:2024-01-24
通讯作者: 滑永春
基金资助:
内蒙古自治区科技计划(2020GG0067)

Evaluating forest ecosystem restoration ability of natural forest in northern Greater Khingan Mountains by a structural equation model

SA Rula(), WANG Zirui, HUA Yongchun(), HU Richa, LIU Lei, GAO Minglong, YU Xiaoyu

College of Forestry, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019,China

Received:2022-02-28 Revised:2022-05-09 Online:2024-01-30 Published:2024-01-24
Contact: HUA Yongchun

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探明大兴安岭北部天然林森林生态系统恢复过程中森林生态系统结构、功能、气候和立地类型因子的动态变化,筛查出关键影响因素,对其森林生态系统恢复能力进行科学评估,为探索大兴安岭天然林有效经营措施从而提升生态功能提供参考。【方法】以野外调查数据为基础,采用区分效度检验确定森林生态系统恢复能力评价指标体系,依据传导机制建立森林生态系统恢复能力评价的结构方程模型并进行指标权重确定,基于K-means聚类分析和等距划分法,建立大兴安岭森林生态系统恢复能力等级划分标准。【结果】大兴安岭森林生态系统恢复能力评价指标体系中的4个准则因子森林生产力、林分结构、气候因子、立地类型的权重分别为0.339、0.192、0.256和0.213。研究区2种森林生态系统恢复能力评价的综合分值为1.70~3.53,恢复能力等级分布符合正态分布,恢复能力等级主要集中在差、较差、良好3种状态;总体上,2种森林生态系统恢复能力等级为混交林>纯林。【结论】森林生态系统恢复能力主要受森林生产力的影响,林分结构、气候因子和立地类型对生态系统恢复能力的影响相对较小,大兴安岭部分地区的生态系统恢复能力仍然较差。混交林有利于森林生态系统恢复能力的提升,合理的林分改造措施可改善森林生态功能发挥。

关键词: 森林生态恢复能力, 结构方程模型, 指标权重, 大兴安岭北部

Abstract:

【Objective】This study aimed to investigate the dynamic changes of forest ecosystem structure, function, climate and site type factors during the restoration of natural forest ecosystems in northern Greater Khingan Mountains, screen out the key influencing factors, and use scientific methods to scientifically evaluate its forest ecosystem restoration capacity. This study provides a reference for exploring effective management measures to improve the ecological function of Greater Khingan Mountain natural forest. 【Method】Based on field survey data, discriminant validity test was used to determine the evaluation index system of forest ecosystem restoration capacity, and a structural equation model for forest ecological restoration capacity evaluation was established according to the conduction mechanism to determine the index weights. Based on K-means cluster analysis and the equidistant division method, a classification standard for the forest ecological restoration capacity in Greater Khingan Mountains was established. 【Result】The weights of four criterion factors in the evaluation index system of forest ecological restoration capacity in Greater Khingan Mountains-forest productivity, stand structure, climate factor and site type are 0.339, 0.192, 0.256 and 0.213 respectively; The comprehensive scores of the ecological restoration capacity evaluation of the two kinds of forest in the study area are in the range of 1.70 to 3.53, and the distribution of restoration capacity grades conformed to a normal distribution. The restoration capacity grades were mainly concentrated in difference, poor and good states. Overall, the ecological restoration capacity grades of the two forest types were as follows: mixed forest > pure forest. 【Conclusion】The forest ecosystem restoration capacity is mainly affected by forest productivity, whereas stand structure, climate factors and site types have relatively little impacts on ecological restoration capacity, and the ecological restoration capacity of some areas of the Greater Khingan Mountains is still poor.

Key words: forest ecological restoration capacity, structural equation model, index weight, northern Greater Khingan Mountains

中图分类号:

S718.5

萨如拉,王子瑞,滑永春,等. 基于结构方程模型的大兴安岭北部天然林森林生态系统恢复能力评价研究[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2024, 48(1): 196-204.

SA Rula, WANG Zirui, HUA Yongchun, HU Richa, LIU Lei, GAO Minglong, YU Xiaoyu. Evaluating forest ecosystem restoration ability of natural forest in northern Greater Khingan Mountains by a structural equation model[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2024, 48(1): 196-204.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202202029.

图/表 6

表1

表2

森林生态系统恢复能力评价指标评分标准"

准则层 criterion layer	指标层 index layer	等级分值grade score
准则层 criterion layer	指标层 index layer	5	4	3	2	1
森林生产力 forest productive	平均树高/m average height	≥27.61	[17.98,27.61)	[14.03,17.98)	[10.24,14.03)	<10.24
	平均胸径/cm mean DBH	≥31.93	[21.60,31.93)	[16.14,21.60)	[11.53,16.14)	<11.53
	单位面积蓄积量/(m³·hm^-2) volume per unit area	≥316.90	[197.97,316.90)	[123.26,197.97)	[49.91,123.26)	<49.91
	平均冠幅/m average crown width	≥6.53	[4.50,6.53)	[3.56,4.50)	[2.57,3.56)	<2.57
	株数密度/(株·hm^-2) plant number density	<450.00	[450.00,988.85)	[988.85,2 016.67)	[2 016.67,3 616.67)	≥3 616.67
林分结构 stand structure	大小比数 size ratio	<0.356 5	[0.356 5,0.467 0)	[0.467 0,0.513 9)	[0.513 9,0.566 5)	≥0.566 5
	混交度 degree of mixing	≥0.52	[0.32,0.52)	[0.17,0.32)	[0.04,0.17)	<0.04
	角尺度 angular scale	<0.43	[0.43,0.50)	[0.50,0.55)	[0.55,0.61)	≥0.61
气候因子 climate factor	年均气温/℃ average annual temperature	<-2.003	[-2.003, -1.340)	[-1.340,0.024)	[0.024,0.371)	≥0.371
	年均降水量/mm average annual precipitation	≥1 001.128	[992.740,1 001.128)	[816.475,992.740)	[673.422,816.475)	<673.422
	蒸散量/(W·m^-2) evapotranspiration	<30.370	[30.370,492.001)	[492.001,520.216)	[520.216,580.338)	≥580.338
	短波辐射净强度/(J·m^-2) net shortwave radiation intensity	≥137.492	[136.716,137.492)	[121.296,136.716)	[67.130,121.296)	<67.130
立地类型 site type	海拔/m altitude	<334.44	[334.44,508.90)	[508.90,705.35)	[705.35,891.22)	≥891.22
	坡度/(°) slope	<2.868	[2.868,6.563)	[6.563,11.995)	[11.995,21.267)	≥21.267
	有机碳质量分数/(g·kg^-1) organic carbon content	≥2.265	[1.775,2.265)	[1.130,1.775)	[0.570,1.130)	<0.570
	土壤容重/(g·cm^-3) soil bulk density	<1.25	[1.25,1.37)	[1.37,1.40)	[1.40,1.70)	≥1.70
	土壤饱和度/(cm³·cm^-3) soil saturation	<84.0	[84.0,87.0)	[87.0,92.0)	[92.0,99.5)	≥99.5

表2

表3

图1

表4

表5

参考文献 28

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优势树种 dominant tree species	平均胸径/m average DBH	平均树高/m average tree height	坡度/(°) slope	海拔/m altitude	样地数量 number of plots
落叶松Larix gmelinii	5.34~28.01	6.37~28.42	3~21	342.2~890.7	56
白桦Betula platyphylla	5.29~27.76	6.70~22.18	3~16	430.0~1 060.0	31
山杨Populus davidiana	8.26~20.85	10.35~20.90	6~20	473.9~773.4	4
樟子松Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica	11.50~12.25	7.50~16.99	9~10	590.0~822.7	2
蒙古栎Quercus mongolica	11.64~11.70	11.55~14.33	9~15	867.9~1 003.0	2
黑桦Betula dahurica	17.88	12.77	20	437.1	1

变量 variable	可测变量个数 number of items	克朗巴哈系数 Cronbach’s coefficient	KMO 系数 KMO coefficient
森林生产力forest productive	5	0.762	0.791
林分结构stand structure	3	0.715	0.677
气候因子climate factor	4	0.803	0.768
立地类型site type	5	0.701	0.720

等级 grade	纯林 pure forest		混交林 mixed forest
等级 grade	平均综合分值 average comprehensive score	数量 number	平均综合分值 average comprehensive score	数量 number
差difference	1.77	10	1.70	14
较差poor	2.08	13	2.09	23
良好good	2.83	3	2.91	17
较好better	2.55	7	2.57	7
优excellent	3.31	1	3.53	1

基于结构方程模型的大兴安岭北部天然林森林生态系统恢复能力评价研究

Evaluating forest ecosystem restoration ability of natural forest in northern Greater Khingan Mountains by a structural equation model

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参考文献 28

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目标层 target layer	准则层 criterion layer	权重 weights	指标层 index layer	权重 weights
森林生态系统恢复能力评价 assessment of forest ecosystem restoration ability	森林生产力 forest productive	0.339	平均树高	0.189
			平均胸径	0.220
			单位面积蓄积量	0.207
			平均冠幅	0.194
			株数密度	0.190
	林分结构 stand structure	0.192	大小比数	0.313
			混交度	0.350
			角尺度	0.336
	气候因子 climate factors	0.256	年均气温	0.302
			年均降水	0.229
			蒸散量	0.250
			短波辐射净强度	0.220
	立地类型 site type	0.213	海拔	0.218
			坡度	0.229
			有机碳含量	0.209
			土壤容重	0.192
			土壤饱和度	0.152

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