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林龄和季节交互对杨树人工林土壤节肢动物群落结构的影响
刘兴婕, 吴琪祺, 李媛媛, 阮宏华, 丁学农, 曹国华, 沈彩芹
南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (5) : 224-230.
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林龄和季节交互对杨树人工林土壤节肢动物群落结构的影响
Interactive effects of stand development and seasonality on soil arthropod community in poplar plantations
【目的】 土壤节肢动物群落受植物群落的反馈调控。杨树人工林有助于改良盐碱地土壤质量,但是林龄如何影响土壤节肢动物群落的种类组成、结构和多样性尚不清楚,为此,笔者探究杨树人工林林龄和季节交互作用对土壤节肢动物群落的影响,为人工林生物多样性保护和生产力维持提供依据。【方法】 采用野外控制试验,选择立地条件相对一致的3个不同林龄(5、10和21年生)杨树人工林,每个样地设置3个重复,分别于春季(5月)、夏季(8月)、秋季(11月)和冬季(2月)采集样品,分析不同林龄杨树人工林土壤节肢动物群落结构及多样性的季节动态变化格局。【结果】 杨树人工林土壤中节肢动物优势类群为前气门亚目(Prostigmata)、甲螨亚目(Oribatida)、膜翅目(Hymenoptera)、弹尾纲(Collembola)和鞘翅目(Coleoptera),占全部捕获量的89.4%。林龄和季节变化影响土壤节肢动物数量和多样性,个体总数和物种丰富度指数的最高值出现在10年生的杨树人工林的快速生长阶段,而最低值则出现在5年生林龄的幼林阶段;均匀度指数在10年生人工林中最低。1年中,杨树人工林中土壤节肢动物个体总数和物种丰富度在5月和8月高于2月和11月。林龄、季节及两者的交互作用显著影响土壤节肢动物个体数量、多样性和群落结构组成。在5月,土壤节肢动物个体总数以10年生杨树人工林中最高,5年生人工林中最低;在10月,土壤节肢动物个体总数随林龄的增加而增加。在5月和8月,10年和21年生人工林中的土壤节肢动物物种丰富度高于5年生人工林中的;土壤节肢动物类群的群落结构组成在10年生人工林中不同于5年和21年生的,在5月和8月不同于2月和11月。【结论】 10年生杨树人工林土壤节肢动物数量和物种丰富度高于5年生人工林的,林龄对土壤节肢动物群落结构的影响取决于季节的变化。林分发育阶段和季节变化对杨树人工林土壤节肢动物群落结构的动态变化有着重要的影响,在杨树快速生长发育阶段和暖湿季节具有较高的土壤节肢动物数量和物种多样性。
【Objective】Soil arthropods are important components of soil biodiversity and play a critical role in ecosystems. Although afforestation with poplar plantations can improve soil properties in the saline soils of coastal area, little is known about the impact of plantation stand development on soil arthropods.【Method】In this study, we determined the community dynamics of soil dwelling arthropods across three aged poplar plantations (i.e., 5-, 10-, and 21-year-old) through a randomized block design with three repeated blocks over the course of one year, which included four sampling dates (i.e., spring, May; summer, August; autumn, November; and winter, February) in a coastal area of northern Jiangsu Province, China. 【Result】Prostigmata, Oribatida, Hymenoptera, Collembola, and Coleoptera comprised the dominant orders and together accounted for 89.4% of the total individuals. On average, both total number and those richness were the highest in the 10-year-old stands and the lowest in the 5-year-old stands and were higher in May and August than species in November and February. The abundance, Order richness, and community composition of soil arthropods were significantly affected by stand age, sampling date and their interaction. The total abundance showed strong age-dependent trends in May and August but not in February and November. Order richness was the highest in both 10- and 21-year-old stands observed in May and August. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance demonstrated that Order composition also differed strongly with sampling date and stand age, with 10-year-old stands sampled in May distinct from other sampling dates. 【Conclusion】The abundance and richness of soil arthropods in 10-year-old stands were higher than number in 5-year-old stands, and impact of stand age on the soil arthropod community depended on the seasonal changes. Our results highlight that both stand development and climate seasonality act strongly on soil arthropod community dynamics in the poplar plantations, while the related mechanisms need a further study.
土壤动物 / 盐碱地 / 弹尾纲 / 甲螨亚目 / 前气门亚目 / 生物多样性
soil fauna / saline soil / Collembola / Oribatida / Prostigmata / biodiversity
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