不同林龄杨树人工林地表甲虫群落多样性特征

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202203058

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (6): 236-242.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202203058

不同林龄杨树人工林地表甲虫群落多样性特征

颜铮明¹(), 阮宏华¹^,^*(), 廖家辉¹, 石珂¹, 倪娟平¹, 曹国华², 沈彩芹², 丁学农², 赵小龙², 庄鑫²

1.南京林业大学生态与环境学院,南方现代林业协同创新中心,江苏南京 210037
2.江苏省东台市林场,江苏东台 224200

收稿日期:2022-03-27 修回日期:2022-12-31 出版日期:2023-11-30 发布日期:2023-11-23
通讯作者: *阮宏华(hhruan@njfu.edu.cn),教授。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2021YFD2200403);国家自然科学基金项目(32071594);江苏省林业局揭榜挂帅项目(LYKJ[2022]01);福建自然科学基金项目(2020J05245)

Abundance and diversity of soil beetles on the forest floor in different aged poplar plantations

YAN Zhengming¹(), RUAN Honghua¹^,^*(), LIAO Jiahui¹, SHI Ke¹, NI Juanping¹, CAO Guohua², SHEN Caiqin², DING Xuenong², ZHAO Xiaolong², ZHUANG Xin²

1. Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China,College of Ecology and Environment,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China
2. Dongtai City Forest Farm of Jiangsu Province,Dongtai 224200,China

Received:2022-03-27 Revised:2022-12-31 Online:2023-11-30 Published:2023-11-23

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】甲虫作为森林生态系统的重要生物组分,能够调控森林凋落物分解及土壤生态学过程。笔者探明不同林龄杨树人工林地表甲虫群落多样性特征,为揭示杨树人工林生态系统结构、功能、过程并维持林地生产力提供理论支撑。【方法】于2020—2021年,以江苏东台的黄海森林公园不同林龄(6、9、12、15及18 a)杨树人工林为对象,采用巴氏罐诱法收集不同年龄林分的地表甲虫,并在体视显微镜(LEICA M205A)下鉴定和计数。分析杨树(Populus spp.)人工林地表甲虫群落组成、结构及多样性特征。【结果】研究期间共采集到地表甲虫标本1 460只,分属于7科28种。其中优势种为蠋步甲(Dolichus halensis)、亮足细胫步甲(Agonum gracilipes)、铜绿婪步甲(Harpalus chalcentus)和巨短胸步甲(Amara gigantea),其数量占总个体数的79.11%;常见种为谷婪步甲(Harpalus calceatus)、毛婪步甲(Harpalus griseus)、条斑叶象(Hypera conmaculata)、黄斑青步甲(Chlaenius micans)、红角婪步甲(Harpalus amplicollis)和脊青步甲(Chlaenius costiger),占总个体数的15.82%;其余18种均为稀有种群,仅占总个体数的5.07%;地表甲虫种类数和个体数量随林龄的变化,表现为12年生杨树人工林显著高于其他林龄,18年生林分最低;地表甲虫物种多样性随杨树人工林林龄增加呈先增后减的变化规律,最大值与最小值分别出现在12年生和18年生杨树人工林,变幅为33.83%,其中6、9、15年生杨树人工林地表甲虫多样性无显著差异。总之,地表甲虫个体数量、物种多样性变化,从杨树幼龄林至中龄林阶段表现为增加趋势,在中龄林到成过熟林阶段表现为减少趋势。【结论】地表甲虫个体数量、物种多样性与杨树人工林生长发育阶段密切相关,处于快速生长发育阶段的中龄林具有较高的物种多样性,处于成熟林阶段的杨树人工林地表甲虫的个体数量和多样性均显著降低。

关键词: 杨树人工林, 林龄, 甲虫, 群落结构, 群落多样性

Abstract:

【Objective】Beetles, as important biological components of forest ecosystems, can regulate litter decomposition and soil ecological processes. The authors aims to reveal the diversity characteristics of surface beetle communities in different aged poplar plantations and provide scientific support for exploring the structure, function and productivity maintenance for poplar plantations ecosystems.【Method】Poplar plantations of different stand ages (i.e., 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 years) in the Yellow Sea Forest Park in Dongtai City of Jiangsu Province were selected for research conducted from 2020 to 2021. A pasteurized pot inducement method was used to collect different soil beetles. We investigated soil beetle community composition, structure and diversity characteristics in select poplar plantations.【Result】A total of 1 460 soil beetle specimens were collected during the study period, belonging to seven families and 28 species. The dominant species were Dolichus halensis, Agonum gracilipes, Harpalus chalcentus and Amara gigantea, which accounted for 79.11% of the total individuals. Common species were Harpalus calceatus, Harpalus griseus, Hypera conmaculata, Chlaenius micans, Harpalus amplicollis and Chlaenius costiger, accounting for 15.82% of the total number of individuals, and the remaining 18 species were rare populations, accounting for only 5.07% of the total number of individuals. The 12-year-old poplar plantation had significantly more beetle species and total individuals than other stand ages, while the 18-year-old poplar forest had the lowest. The species diversity of soil beetles varied by 33.83% across all plantation ages. Diversity increased first and then decreased with age of poplar plantation, with maximum and minimum values in the 12-year-old and 18-year-old plantations, respectively. There was no significant difference in beetle diversity in 6-, 9-, and 15-year-old poplar plantations.【Conclusion】Our study clarified that the individual number and species diversity of soil beetles are closely related to the growth and development stages of poplar plantations. Middle-aged stands in the rapid growth and development stage have higher beetle species diversity while mature stages or older stands have lower beetle species diversity. This study provides a theoretical basis for the protection of soil biodiversity in poplar plantations and the sustainable management of plantations.

Key words: poplar plantation, forest age, soil beetle, community structure, community diversity

中图分类号:

S718
Q968

颜铮明,阮宏华,廖家辉,等. 不同林龄杨树人工林地表甲虫群落多样性特征[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2023, 47(6): 236-242.

YAN Zhengming, RUAN Honghua, LIAO Jiahui, SHI Ke, NI Juanping, CAO Guohua, SHEN Caiqin, DING Xuenong, ZHAO Xiaolong, ZHUANG Xin. Abundance and diversity of soil beetles on the forest floor in different aged poplar plantations[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2023, 47(6): 236-242.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202203058.

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林龄/a forest age	平均胸径/cm mean DBH	平均树高/m mean tree height	郁闭度/% crown density
6	17.83±0.34	16.95±1.74	50
9	22.43±0.57	18.04±0.85	60
12	25.98±0.46	19.56±2.04	75
15	27.55±0.68	23.46±1.97	80
18	30.89±2.35	24.01±2.65	65

种 species	不同林龄杨树林地表甲虫数量/只 number of beetles at different ages poplar plantation									合计/只 total		占比/% proportion
种 species	6 a			9 a	12 a		15 a	18 a		合计/只 total		占比/% proportion
蠋步甲Dolichus halensis	199			7	214		28	0		448		30.68
亮足细胫步甲Agonum gracilipes	47			88	73		56	32		296		20.27
铜绿婪步甲Harpalus chalcentus	40			80	85		40	4		249		17.05
巨短胸步甲Amara gigantea	9			24	122		3	1		159		10.89
谷婪步甲Harpalus calceatus	30			20	46		28	5		129		8.84
毛婪步甲Harpalus griseus	6			0	6		15	0		27		1.85
条斑叶象Hypera conmaculata	0			8	10		2	4		24		1.64
黄斑青步甲Chlaenius micans	1			5	0		15	2		23		1.58
红角婪步甲Harpalus amplicollis	0			0	14		2	0		16		1.10
脊青步甲Chlaenius costiger	1			1	11		0	2		15		1.03
双斑锥须步甲Bembidion scopulinum	13			0	0		0	0		13		0.89
射炮步甲Brachinus explodens	0			1	7		3	1		12		0.82
黄鞘婪步甲Harpalus pallidipennis	0			5	3		4	0		12		0.82
绿步甲Carabus smaragdinus	0			5	2		0	0		7		0.48
考氏粪金龟Geotrupes koltzei	0			0	3		2	0		5		0.34
筛胸梳爪叩甲Melanotus cribricollis	0			2	1		1	0		4		0.27
双齿蝼步甲Sacrites acutides	0			3	1		0	0		4		0.27
棒婪步甲Harpalus bungii	0			4	0		0	0		4		0.27
直角婪步甲Harpalus corporosus	0			2	1		0	0		3		0.21
基角胸步甲Peronomerus fumatus	0			0	0		2	0		2		0.14
星斑虎甲Cicindela kaleea		0	0			1	0		0		1	0.07
亚光虎步甲Asaphidion semilucidum		1	0			0	0		0		1	0.07
淡红毛隐甲Crypticus rufipes		1	0			0	0		0		1	0.07
齿棱颚锹甲Prismognathus davidis		1	0			0	0		0		1	0.07
青步甲Isiocarabus fiduciarius		0	1			0	0		0		1	0.07
大星步甲Calosoma maximoviczi		0	0			0	0		1		1	0.07
小边捷步甲Badister marginellus		0	0			0	0		1		1	0.07
中华萝藦叶甲Chrysochus chinensis		0	1			0	0		0		1	0.07
总计total		349	257			600	201		53		1 460	100

项目 item	平方和 sum of squares	df	均方 mean squared	F	P
组间 interblock	33 244.640	4	8 311.160	9.941	< 0.001
组内 intragroup	16 721.200	20	836.060
总计 total	49 965.840	24

不同林龄杨树人工林地表甲虫群落多样性特征

Abundance and diversity of soil beetles on the forest floor in different aged poplar plantations

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