土壤和烟叶中多环芳烃的暴露特征及健康风险评估

马军, 谭长银, 王勇, 吴兰艳, 秦航道

南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (4) : 200-208.

PDF(1746 KB)
南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）
PDF(1746 KB)
南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (4) : 200-208. DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202204028
研究论文

土壤和烟叶中多环芳烃的暴露特征及健康风险评估

作者信息 +

The exposure characteristic and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils and tobacco plants

Author information +
文章历史 +

摘要

【目的】揭示土壤和烟叶中多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)的暴露特征及其对人体造成的健康风险。【方法】采集了贵州松桃县长坪(CP)、太平(TP)、平头(PT)、普觉(PJ)、盘信(PX)和孟溪(MX)6个烟区土壤和新鲜烟叶样品各40个,测定样品中16种PAHs含量,分析其经口(ingestion)、皮肤(dermal)和呼吸(inhalation)3种非饮食摄入途径的暴露特征,并评估了PAHs对烟农造成的致癌和非致癌健康风险。【结果】土壤和烟叶中7种致癌性的PAHs[䓛(Chr)、苯并(a)蒽(BaA)、苯并(b)荧蒽(BbF)、苯并(k)荧蒽(BkF)、二苯并(a,h)蒽(DahA)、苯并(a)芘(BaP)和茚并(1,2,3-cd)芘(IP)]的含量分别为70.97~365.71和293.53~1 730.72 μg/kg,平均含量分别为221.13和 707.03 μg/kg;土壤和烟叶中9种非致癌性PAHs[萘(Nap)、蒽(Ant)、菲(Phe)、芘(Pyr)、苊烯(Ane)、二氢苊(Any)、芴(Flu)、荧蒽(Fla)和苯并(g,h,i)芘(BghiP)]的总含量分别为65.6~647.6和108.9~606.1 μg/kg,平均值分别为379.6和304.2 μg/kg。PAHs暴露特征从大到小呈现为:经口摄入 > 皮肤摄入 > 呼吸摄入,土壤和烟叶中7种致癌性的PAHs对烟农总的平均每日暴露量分别为54.41~280.38和225.04~1 326.87 pg/(kg·d),平均值分别为169.53和542.05 pg/(kg·d);非致癌性的9种PAHs对烟农总的平均每日暴露量分别为146.70~1 448.19和243.41~1 355.33 pg/(kg·d),平均值分别为848.91和680.22 pg/(kg·d);致癌性和非致癌性PAHs的平均每日摄入量最大值均出现在MX烟区。土壤和烟叶中PAHs对烟农产生的非致癌性总危险指数为1.02×10-5~4.31×10-4,平均值为1.92×10-4;PAHs对烟农产生的总致癌风险指数为8.39× 10-7~5.14×10-6,平均值为2.18×10-6。其中,BaP的总致癌风险指数最大(3.69×10-7~4.25×10-6,平均值为1.58×10-6);有26个点位的BaP超过美国环保署建议的临界值,超标率为65%,有90%的取样点7种致癌性PAHs的总量处于低风险水平。【结论】土壤和烟叶中PAHs对烟农的暴露方式主要为经口和皮肤途径,PAHs的非致癌风险值处于美国环保署建议的临界值之下,为可接受水平。绝大多数取样点的致癌性PAHs已经给烟农造成了低风险的健康影响,尤其是BaP应该受到重点关注。

Abstract

【Objective】The aim of this research is to determine the exposure characteristic and health risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils and tobacco plants.【Method】Forty samples of soil and fresh tobacco plants were collected from tobacco-growing areas in Changping (CP), Taiping (TP), Pingtou (PT), Pujue (PJ), Panxin (PX) and Mengxi (MX) in Songtao County of Guizhou Province. A total of 16 PAH species were isolated from the samples. The characteristics of PAHs exposure were analyzed after ingestion, dermal administration, and inhalation. The carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks on farmers were assessed.【Result】The total contents of seven kinds of carcinogenic PAHs [perylene (Chr), benzo(a) anthracene (BaA), benzo(b) fluoranthene (BbF), benzo(k) fluoranthene (BkF), dibenzo(a,h)anthracene (DahA), benzo (a) pyrene (BaP), and indeno(1,2,3-cd) pyrene (IP)] in the soil and tobacco samples were 70.97-365.71 and 293.53-1 730.72 μg/kg, and the mean values were 221.13 and 707.03 μg/kg, respectively. The total contents of nine non-carcinogenic PAHs [naphthalene (Nap), anthracene (Ant), phenanthrene (Phe), pyrene (Pyr), acenaphthylene (Ane), diacenaphthylene (Any), fluorene (Flu), fluoranthene (Fla), and benzo (g,h,i) pyrene (BghiP)] were 65.6-647.6 and 108.9-606.1 μg/kg, and the mean values were 379.6 and 304.2 μg/kg, respectively. Analysis of the exposure characteristics of the PAHs revealed that ingestion>dermal>inhalation in terms of the exposure risk. The total average daily exposure of the farmers to the seven carcinogenic PAHs in the soil and tobacco samples was 54.41-280.38 and 225.04-1 326.87 pg/(kg·d), and the mean values were 169.53 and 542.05 pg/(kg·d), respectively. The total average daily exposure of the farmers to the nine non-carcinogenic PAHs in the soil and tobacco samples were 146.70-1448.19 and 243.41-1355.33 pg/(kg·d), and the mean values were 848.91 and 680.22 pg/(kg·d), respectively. The average daily intake (ADI) of the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic PAHs was the highest in MX. The total non-carcinogenic risk index of the PAHs in the soil and tobacco samples to the farmers ranged from 8.39×10-7 to 5.14×10-6, with a mean value of 2.18×10-6. The total carcinogenic risk index of the PAHs to the farmers varied from 8.39×10-7 to 5.14×10-6, with a mean value of 2.18×10-6. The total carcinogenic risk index of BaP was the highest among the PAHs, being 3.69×10-7 to 4.25×10-6, with a mean value of 1.58×10-6. The levels of BaP exceeded the recommended threshold published by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) at 26 sites (65%), and the total carcinogenic risk of the seven carcinogenic PAHs was low at 90% of the sampling sites.【Conclusion】Ingestion and dermal exposure were the main exposure routes of the PAHs in the soil and tobacco samples. The carcinogenic risk of the non-carcinogenic PAHs was below the critical value recommended by the USEPA, and their values were at acceptable range. The carcinogenic PAHs had a low health risk to farmers at the majority of sampling sites. However, the carcinogenic PAH, BaP, requires further attention.

关键词

多环芳烃 / 土壤和烟叶 / 烟农 / 摄入途径 / 健康风险评估

Key words

polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons / soils and tobacco / tobacco farmers / intake way / health risk assessment

引用本文

EndNote

Ris (Procite)

Bibtex

导出引用
马军, 谭长银, 王勇, 等. 土壤和烟叶中多环芳烃的暴露特征及健康风险评估[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）. 2024, 48(4): 200-208 https://doi.org/10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202204028
MA Jun, TAN Changyin, WANG Yong, et al. The exposure characteristic and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils and tobacco plants[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY. 2024, 48(4): 200-208 https://doi.org/10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202204028
中图分类号： X53   

参考文献

列表( 原文顺序 | 文献年度倒序 | 文中引用次数倒序 ) 可视化分析
[1]
张俊叶, 俞菲, 杨靖宇, 等. 南京城市林业土壤多环芳烃累积特征及其与黑炭的相关性[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2018, 42(2):75-80.
ZHANG J Y, YU F, YANG J Y, et al. Accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their correlation with black carbon in urban forest soil of Nanjing City,China[J]. J Nanjing For Univ (Nat Sci Ed), 2018, 42(2):75-80.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201704010.
本文引用 [1]
[2]
SHUKLA S, KHAN R, BHATTACHARYA P, et al. Concentration,source apportionment and potential carcinogenic risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in roadside soils[J]. Chemosphere, 2022, 292:133413.DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133413.
本文引用 [2]
[3]
HU T P, MAO Y, KE Y P, et al. Spatial and seasonal variations of PAHs in soil,air,and atmospheric bulk deposition along the plain to mountain transect in Hubei Province,central China:air-soil exchange and long-range atmospheric transport[J]. Environ Pollut, 2021, 291:118139.DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118139.
本文引用 [1]
[4]
TUSHER T R, SARKER M E, NASRIN S, et al. Contamination of toxic metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in rooftop vegetables and human health risks in Bangladesh[J]. Toxin Rev, 2021, 40(4):736-751.DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2020.1767650.
本文引用 [1]
[5]
QU Y J, GONG Y W, MA J, et al. Potential sources,influencing factors,and health risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the surface soil of urban parks in Beijing,China[J]. Environ Pollut, 2020, 260:114016.DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114016.
本文引用 [1]
[6]
WANG C H, WANG J X, ZHOU S L, et al. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals in urban environments:concentrations and joint risks in surface soils with diverse land uses[J]. Land Degrad Dev, 2020, 31(3):383-391.DOI: 10.1002/ldr.3456.
本文引用 [1]
[7]
CAI C Y, LI J Y, WU D, et al. Spatial distribution,emission source and health risk of parent PAHs and derivatives in surface soils from the Yangtze River Delta,eastern China[J]. Chemosphere, 2017, 178:301-308.DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.03.057.
本文引用 [1]
[8]
RANJBAR J A, RIYAHI B A, SHADMEHRI T A. Comprehensive and comparative ecotoxicological and human risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in reef surface sediments and coastal seawaters of Iranian Coral Islands,Persian Gulf[J]. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf, 2017, 145:640-652.DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.08.016.
本文引用 [1]
[9]
严青云, 杨耀帅, 罗海鲲, 等. 典型塑料生产加工地块土壤邻苯二甲酸酯及多环芳烃污染特征和健康风险[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2022, 41(2):357-366.
YAN Q Y, YANG Y S, LUO H K, et al. Pollution characteristics and health assessment of phthalate esters and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in soils of plastic-producing site[J]. J Agric Resour Environ, 2022, 41(2):357-366.DOI: 10.11654/jaes.2021-1452.
本文引用 [3]
[10]
OKONA-MENSAH K B, BATTERSHILL J, BOOBIS A, et al. An approach to investigating the importance of high potency polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the induction of lung cancer by air pollution[J]. Food Chem Toxicol, 2005, 43(7):1103-1116.DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2005.03.001.
本文引用 [1]
[11]
LEE H J, VILLAUME J, CULLEN D C, et al. Monitoring and classification of PAH toxicity using an immobilized bioluminescent bacteria[J]. Biosens Bioelectron, 2003, 18(5/6):571-577.DOI: 10.1016/S0956-5663(03)00039-3.
本文引用 [1]
[12]
KUBINCOVÁ P, SYCHROVÁ E, RAŠKA J, et al. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and endocrine disruption:role of testicular gap junctional intercellular communication and connexins[J]. Toxicol Sci, 2019, 169(1):70-83.DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz023.
本文引用 [1]
[13]
MA J, LU Y G, TENG Y, et al. Soils and tobacco polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon characterization and associated health risk assessment in Qingzhen City,southwest China[J]. J Soil Sediment, 2023, 23(1):273-287.DOI: 10.1007/s11368-022-03284-y.
本文引用 [1]
[14]
马军, 滕应, 陆引罡, 等. 植烟土壤中16种多环芳烃的洗脱净化技术及含量测定[J]. 环境污染与防治, 2017, 39(3):258-262,267.
MA J, TENG Y, LU Y G, et al. Elution and purification of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in tobacco-planting soil and the content determination[J]. Environ Pollut Control, 2017, 39(3):258-262,267.DOI: 10.15985/j.cnki.1001-3865.2017.03.007.
本文引用 [1]
[15]
马军, 滕应, 陆引罡, 等. 四通道色谱分离仪净化/气相色谱-质谱法测定烟叶中的多环芳烃[J]. 分析测试学报, 2016, 35(8):968-973.
MA J, TENG Y, LU Y G, et al. Determination of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) by four-channel chromatograph purification coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry[J]. J Instrum Anal, 2016, 35(8):968-973.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-4957.2016.08.007.
本文引用 [1]
[16]
HUI K L, KOU B, JIANG Y H, et al. Nitrogen addition increases the ecological and human health risks of PAHs in different fractions of soil in sewage-irrigated area[J]. Sci Total Environ, 2022, 811:151420.DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151420.
本文引用 [9]
[17]
KALISA E, NAGATO E G, BIZURU E, et al. Characterization and risk assessment of atmospheric PM2.5 and PM10 particulate-bound PAHs and NPAHs in Rwanda,central-east Africa[J]. Environ Sci Technol, 2018, 52(21):12179-12187.DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b03219.
本文引用 [10]
[18]
WANG J, ZHANG X F, LING W T, et al. Contamination and health risk assessment of PAHs in soils and crops in industrial areas of the Yangtze River Delta region,China[J]. Chemosphere, 2017, 168:976-987.DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.10.113.
本文引用 [6]
[19]
AMBADE B, SETHI S S, CHINTALACHERUVU M R. Distribution,risk assessment,and source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using positive matrix factorization (PMF) in urban soils of east India[J]. Environ Geochem Health, 2023, 45(2):491-505.DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01223-x.
本文引用 [1]
[20]
王飞, 赵颖. 太原市污灌区农田土壤中多环芳烃污染特征及生态风险评价[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(1):160-169.
WANG F, ZHAO Y. Pollution characteristics and risk assessment of PAHs in agricultural soil from sewage irrigation area of Taiyuan City,Shanxi Province[J]. Ecol Environ Sci, 2022, 31(1):160-169.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.01.018.
本文引用 [1]
[21]
李文静, 李杨, 傅晓文, 等. 油田居住区土壤中多环芳烃污染特征与风险评价:以胜利油田为例[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2021, 21(22):9634-9643.
LI W J, LI Y, FU X W, et al. Distribution and health risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils of residential areas of an oil field:a case study on Shengli Oilfield,China[J]. Sci Technol Eng, 2021, 21(22):9634-9643.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-1815.2021.22.063.
本文引用 [2]
[22]
张秀秀, 卢晓丽, 魏宇宸, 等. 城郊农田土壤多环芳烃污染特征及风险评价[J]. 环境科学, 2021, 42(11):5510-5518.
ZHANG X X, LU X L, WEI Y C, et al. Pollution characteristics and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a suburban farmland soil[J]. Environ Sci, 2021, 42(11):5510-5518.DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202103161.
本文引用 [1]
[23]
JIA J P, BI C J, ZHANG J F, et al. Atmospheric deposition and vegetable uptake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) based on experimental and computational simulations[J]. Atmos Environ, 2019, 204:135-141.DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.02.030.
本文引用 [2]
[24]
MALISZEWSKA-KORDYBACH B, SMRECZAK B, KLIMKOWICZ-PAWLAS A, et al. Monitoring of the total content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in arable soils in Poland[J]. Chemosphere, 2008, 73(8):1284-1291.DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.07.009.
本文引用 [1]
[25]
TESI G O, INIAGHE P O, LARI B, et al. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in leafy vegetables consumed in southern Nigeria:concentration,risk assessment and source apportionment[J]. Environ Monit Assess, 2021, 193(7):1-15.DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09217-5.
本文引用 [3]
[26]
赵体跃, 龙明华, 乔双雨, 等. 广西水生蔬菜和陆生蔬菜多环芳烃污染特征[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2020, 36(4):505-514.
ZHAO T Y, LONG M H, QIAO S Y, et al. Characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pollution in aquatic and terrestrial vegetables in Guangxi Province[J]. J Ecol Rural Environ, 2020, 36(4):505-514.DOI: 10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2019.0590
本文引用 [1]
[27]
葛蔚, 程琪琪, 柴超, 等. 青岛市城郊蔬菜中多环芳烃污染特征和健康风险评估[J]. 环境科学学报, 2017, 37(12):4772-4778.
GE W, CHENG Q Q, CHAI C, et al. Characteristics of pollution and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in vegetables from Qingdao suburb[J]. Acta Sci Circumstantiae, 2017, 37(12):4772-4778.DOI: 10.13671/j.hjkxxb.2017.0259.
本文引用 [1]
[28]
龙明华, 龙彪, 梁勇生, 等. 南宁市蔬菜基地土壤多环芳烃含量及来源分析[J]. 中国蔬菜, 2017(3):52-57.
LONG M H, LONG B, LIANG Y S, et al. Analysis of contents and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in vegetable production base of Nanning City[J]. China Veg, 2017(3):52-57.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2016.02.019.
本文引用 [1]
[29]
LEMIEUX C L, LONG A S, LAMBERT I B, et al. Cancer risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contaminated soils determined using bioassay-derived levels of benzo[a]pyrene equivalents[J]. Environ Sci Technol, 2015, 49(3):1797-1805.DOI: 10.1021/es504466b.
本文引用 [1]
[30]
GAO P, DA SILVA E, HOU L, et al. Human exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons:metabolomics perspective[J]. Environ Int, 2018, 119:466-477.DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.07.017.
本文引用 [1]
[31]
CHEN Y N, ZHANG J Q, ZHANG F, et al. Contamination and health risk assessment of PAHs in farmland soils of the Yinma River basin,China[J]. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf, 2018, 156:383-390.DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.03.020.
本文引用 [1]
[32]
HU T P, ZHANG J Q, YE C, et al. Status,source and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil from the water-level-fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir,China[J]. J Geochem Explor, 2017, 172:20-28.DOI: 10.1016/j.gexplo.2016.09.012.
本文引用 [1]
[33]
金修齐, 黄代宽, 赵书晗, 等. 松桃河流域氨氮和锰污染特征及生态风险评价[J]. 中国环境科学, 2021, 41(1):385-395.
JIN X Q, HUANG D K, ZHAO S H, et al. Pollution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of ammonia nitrogen and manganese in Songtao River basin of Guizhou Province,China[J]. China Environ Sci, 2021, 41(1):385-395.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6923.2021.01.044
本文引用 [1]
[34]
SUN T, WANG Y H, TIAN J M, et al. Characteristics of PAHs in soils under different land-use types and their associated health risks in the northern Taihu basin,China[J]. J Soil Sediment, 2022, 22(1):134-145.DOI: 10.1007/s11368-021-03050-6.
本文引用 [1]
[35]
齐晓宝, 黄沈发, 沙晨燕, 等. 钢铁工业区下风向土壤中多环芳烃污染特征及源解析[J]. 环境科学研究, 2018, 31(5):927-934.
QI X B, HUANG S F, SHA C Y, et al. Pollution characteristics and source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface soil of the steel industrial downwind area[J]. Res Environ Sci, 2018, 31(5):927-934.DOI: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2018.02.04.
本文引用 [1]
[36]
CHEN Y N, ZHANG J Q, MA Q Y, et al. Human health risk assessment and source diagnosis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the corn and agricultural soils along main roadside in Changchun,China[J]. Hum Ecol Risk Assess Int J, 2016, 22(3):706-720.DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1104627.
本文引用 [1]
[37]
FAN Y, ZHAO Z S, SHI R G, et al. Urbanization-related changes over the last 20 years in occurrence,sources,and human health risks of soil PAHs in rural Tianjin,China[J]. Environ Chem Lett, 2021, 19(6):3999-4008.DOI: 10.1007/s10311-021-01264-1.
本文引用 [1]
[38]
LUO Q, GU L Y, SHAN Y, et al. Distribution,source apportionment,and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban soils from Shenyang,China[J]. Environ Geochem Health, 2020, 42(7):1817-1832.DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00451-y.
本文引用 [1]
[39]
GERESLASSIE T, WORKINEH A, LIU X N, et al. Occurrence and ecological and human health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils from Wuhan,central China[J]. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2018, 15(12):2751.DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15122751.
本文引用 [1]
[40]
郭瑾, 葛蔚, 柴超, 等. 化学工业区周边土壤中多环芳烃含量、来源及健康风险评估[J]. 环境化学, 2018, 37(2):296-309.
GUO J, GE W, CHAI C, et al. Concentrations,sources, and health risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils around chemical plants[J]. Environ Chem, 2018, 37(2):296-309.DOI: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2017070603.
本文引用 [1]

基金

铜仁市科技计划项目(铜市科研〔2023〕43号)
国家自然科学基金项目(22166031)
湖南省研究生科研创新项目(CX20220514)
贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合基础-ZK〔2021〕一般224)

编辑: 郑琰燚
PDF(1746 KB)

Accesses

Citation

Detail
段落导航
相关文章

作者

读者

审稿

www.nldxb.njfu.edu.cn

通信地址：南京市龙蟠路南京林业大学《南京林业大学学报》编辑部
电子邮件：njlyzrb@vip.163.com
联系电话：025-85428247
邮政编码：210037
备案号：苏ICP备-010872

/

〈 〉