【目的】基于2000、2010和2018年无锡市30 m分辨率土地利用数据,利用生态系统服务与权衡的综合评估(InVEST)模型评估了无锡市生境质量及生境退化度演变规律,为无锡市的生态保护和修复提供依据。【方法】基于InVEST模型模拟了无锡3个不同时期的生境质量、生境退化度,并利用土地利用转移矩阵分析了土地利用与生境质量、生境退化度变化的关系。【结果】2018年无锡市高等级生境质量占全市面积约31.11%,一般等级比例较大,约占全市面积的40.60%;无锡市生境质量空间分布差异较大,高等级生境质量主要分布在宜兴市、滨湖区等地区,而低等级生境质量主要位于无锡市主城区及江阴市等地;过去20年,无锡市生境质量总体上有明显退化趋势,其中梁溪区等无锡主城区以及江阴市退化最明显,宜兴市退化度变化不大;无锡市生境质量变化与土地利用变化是密不可分的,其中,无锡市建设用地从2000年的717.40 km²增加至2018年的1 291.40 km²,增幅约12%,而建设用地增多的区域与生境质量下降比较明显的区域在空间上有较高的一致性。【结论】无锡市的生境质量退化与耕地面积减少及城市建设用地增多等密切相关,需合理利用土地,严格控制建设用地规模,保持生态用地规模,不断提高湿地保护和修复工作。

【Objective】 Based on 30 m of high-resolution land use data of Wuxi City in 2000, 2010 and 2018, the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs (InVEST) model was used to reveal the changing features of habitat quality in Wuxi. Such information could provide a basis for ecological environment protection and restoration in Wuxi. 【Method】 Using the InVEST model, the habitat quality and habitat degradation degree of Wuxi during recent 20 years were simulated, and the relationship between the changes of land use, habitat quality and habitat degradation degree was analyzed by using the land use transfer matrix. 【Result】 In 2018, high-grade habitats in Wuxi accounted for approximately 31.11% of the city’s area, whereas the proportion of general grades was relatively higher, accounting for approximately 40.60% of the city’s area. The spatial distribution of habitat quality in Wuxi was various, with the high-grade habitats mainly distributed in Yixing City, Binhu District and other areas, while the low-grade habitats are predominantly located in the main urban area of Wuxi City and Jiangyin City. In the past 20 years, habitat quality in Wuxi has shown a significant degradation trend, of which the main urban areas of Wuxi such as Liangxi District and Jiangyin City have the most obvious degradation, whereas the degradation degree of Yixing City has not changed much. The changes of habitat quality and land use in Wuxi are inseparable, and among them, the construction land of Wuxi increased by approximately 12% from 717.40 km² in 2000 to 1 291.40 km² in 2018, and the area with increased construction land and the area where the quality of habitat decline is more obvious have good spatial consistency. 【Conclusion】 Degradation of habitat quality in Wuxi is closely related to the reduction of cultivated land area and the increase of urban construction land. Therefore, it is necessary to rationally use land, strictly control the scale of construction land, maintain the scale of ecological land use, and continuously improve the protection and restoration of wetlands.