109份丰产核桃单株坚果表型多样性分析及性状评价

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202205037

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (3): 87-96.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202205037

109份丰产核桃单株坚果表型多样性分析及性状评价

张赟齐¹(), 董宁光¹, 郝艳宾¹, 陈永浩¹, 张俊佩²^,^*(), 侯智霞³, 苏淑钗³, 吴佳庆¹, 齐建勋¹^,^*()

1.北京市农林科学院林业果树研究所,农业农村部华北都市农业重点实验室,北京 100097
2.林木遗传育种国家重点实验室,国家林业和草原局林木培育重点实验室,中国林业科学研究院林业研究所,北京 100091
3.省部共建森林培育与保护教育部重点实验室,北京林业大学,北京 100083

收稿日期:2022-05-21 修回日期:2022-07-09 出版日期:2023-05-30 发布日期:2023-05-25
通讯作者: 张俊佩,齐建勋
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2019YFD1001603);北京市农林科学院林业果树研究所青年基金项目(040210202/008);北京市农林科学院院青年基金项目(QNJJ201929)

Nuts’ phenotypic diversity analysis and character evaluation of 109 high-yield walnut individual trees

ZHANG Yunqi¹(), DONG Ningguang¹, HAO Yanbin¹, CHEN Yonghao¹, ZHANG Junpei²^,^*(), HOU Zhixia³, SU Shuchai³, WU Jiaqing¹, QI Jianxun¹^,^*()

1. Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100097, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
3. The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China

Received:2022-05-21 Revised:2022-07-09 Online:2023-05-30 Published:2023-05-25
Contact: ZHANG Junpei,QI Jianxun

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 果实表型分析和评价是良种选育的基础,分析核桃(Julans regia)坚果表型多样性并开展性状综合评价,可筛选出具有优良坚果性状的核桃品系。【方法】以北京农林科学院核桃选种圃109份丰产性较好的核桃单株为研究对象,测定其18个坚果表型性状,分析各性状的变异系数和遗传多样性,并进行方差、相关性、主成分、聚类和综合评价分析。【结果】①109份核桃坚果的18个表型性状变异均达到极显著水平,变异系数范围为4.70%~25.00%,遗传多样性指数范围为2.849~3.023,表征坚果大小和干质量的指标在个体间具有较高的离散程度,而坚果形状指标的个体间变异较小;②坚果各部分的干质量指标与反映坚果大小的指标均呈极显著正相关,坚果形状指标与坚果三径关系密切,种壳厚度和种壳干质量会显著影响坚果出仁率;③坚果大小、形状和外在品质指标能反映坚果表型性状的绝大部分信息,这3个主成分的累计贡献率达91.596%,以这3个主成分共筛选出几何平均直径、坚果体积、单果干质量、核仁干质量、球形度、壳厚、出仁率和体积出仁率等8个重要性状;④在欧氏距离9.0处将109份种质资源聚为4大类群,可用于亲本材料的选育;⑤根据坚果性状综合得分,并结合理想核桃坚果的一般特征筛选出XJ45、A068、E030、XJ59和W27优系。【结论】北京农林科学院核桃选种圃中109份丰产核桃单株的坚果表型性状显示出较高的遗传多样性,且各表型性状间的关系较为密切;种质资源分为4个不同用途的育种类群; 8个重要的坚果表型性状可用于初步构建核桃种质资源的评价标准,以及京津冀地区核桃新品种的选育和创制。

关键词: 核桃, 种质资源, 表型性状, 隶属函数法, 综合评价

Abstract:

【Objective】Phenotypic analyses are the bases for improving variety breeding. Therefore, we analyzed phenotypic diversity of walnuts, and the nut characteristics were comprehensively evaluated to screen excellent walnut lines. 【Method】In this study, 109 high-yield walnut trees in the selective nursery of the Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences were selected as research subjects. Based on the phenotypic data of nuts, the variation coefficient, diversity index, correlation, principal component, and cluster analysis were analyzed, and the nut characteristics were comprehensively evaluated. 【Result】(1)The variation of 18 phenotypic characteristics of the nuts contributed toward the observed statistically significant differences observed in the nuts, and the variation coefficient and the genetic diversity index ranged from 4.70% to 25.00%, and 2.849 to 3.023, respectively. The indicators representing nut size and dry weight had a high degree of dispersion among individuals, whereas the variation in nut shape was slight. (2) The dry weight index of each part of the nut had a significant positive correlation with indices reflecting nut size. The nut shape indices were closely related to nut diameters. The seed shell thickness and seed shell weight significantly affected the kernel percentage. (3) Nut size, shape and quality indicators can reflect most information on nut phenotypic traits. The total contribution of these three principal components was 91.596%. Eight main nut traits were screened: geometric average diameter, nut volume, dry weight of a single nut and kernel, sphericity, shell thickness, kernel percentage, and volume kernel percentage. (4) The 109 walnut germplasm resources were clustered into four groups at a Euclidean distance of 9.0, which could be used as hybrid materials for specific breeding purposes. (5) According to the integrated score of nut phenotypic traits of various germplasm resources and the general characteristics of ideal nuts, the excellent lines XJ45, A068, E030, XJ59 and W27 were selected. 【Conclusion】Through the screening of key evaluation indicators, combined with principal component analysis and the membership function method, the evaluation criteria for walnut germplasm resources could be preliminarily constructed, which would provide a breeding basis for effectively creating new varieties with commercial value in this region.

Key words: Juglans regia, germplasm resources, phenotypic characters, membership function method, comprehensive evaluation

中图分类号:

S664.1

张赟齐,董宁光,郝艳宾,等. 109份丰产核桃单株坚果表型多样性分析及性状评价[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2023, 47(3): 87-96.

ZHANG Yunqi, DONG Ningguang, HAO Yanbin, CHEN Yonghao, ZHANG Junpei, HOU Zhixia, SU Shuchai, WU Jiaqing, QI Jianxun. Nuts’ phenotypic diversity analysis and character evaluation of 109 high-yield walnut individual trees[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2023, 47(3): 87-96.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202205037.

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参考文献 37

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编码 code	品系编号 genotype	编码 code	品系编号 genotype	编码 code	品系编号 genotype	编码 code	品系编号 genotype	编码 code	品系编号 genotype	编码 code	品系编号 genotype
1	A001	20	A248	39	D6N1	58	W20	77	W50	96	XJ39
2	A002	21	A250	40	D8	59	W21	78	W57	97	XJ40
3	A013	22	A253	41	D15	60	W23	79	E030	98	XJ45
4	A051	23	A255	42	D23	61	W24	80	E032	99	XJ49
5	A068	24	A265	43	D30	62	W27	81	E042	100	XJ57
6	A082	25	A266	44	D33B1	63	W29	82	E042B53	101	XJ59
7	A091	26	A271	45	D35	64	W30	83	B17	102	075X1N1
8	A097	27	A293	46	W2	65	W31	84	B26	103	175D2B1
9	A110	28	A298	47	W4	66	W33	85	B99	104	Z1
10	A123	29	A336	48	W6	67	W34	86	B112	105	Z2
11	A125	30	A364	49	W8	68	W36	87	K1	106	Z3
12	A145	31	A385	50	W9	69	W37	88	K2	107	Z4
13	A171	32	A389	51	W12	70	W38	89	K1L4	108	Z5
14	A201	33	A389B1	52	W13	71	W40	90	HF	109	ZY
15	A205	34	A390	53	W14	72	W42	91	O13N1
16	A219	35	A393N2	54	W15	73	W43	92	X1N1
17	A212	36	DY	55	W17	74	W45	93	XJ12
18	A215B1	37	D2-2	56	W18	75	W46	94	XJ14
19	A241	38	D2-3	57	W19	76	W47	95	XJ16

表型性状 phenotypic traits	最大值 max.	最小值 min.	极差 range	均值 mean	SD	CV/%	遗传多样性指数H'	F
L/mm	46.95	29.76	17.19	39.20	3.32	8.47	2.925	69.092^**
W/mm	40.68	25.03	15.65	33.30	2.53	7.59	2.871	63.512^**
T/mm	42.02	26.65	15.37	34.05	2.86	8.39	2.980	77.350^**
T_S/mm	2.46	0.72	1.74	1.33	0.30	22.45	2.978	123.899^**
m_N/g	22.33	6.96	15.37	13.45	2.52	18.77	2.905	60.490^**
m_K/g	12.37	3.82	8.55	7.52	1.36	18.01	2.869	39.752^**
m_D/g	0.48	0.15	0.34	0.28	0.07	23.86	2.924	16.434^**
m_S/g	10.77	2.81	7.96	5.64	1.41	25.00	2.880	105.591^**
R_a	1.01	0.73	0.27	0.85	0.06	7.01	3.023	75.112^**
I_NSI	1.03	0.74	0.29	0.86	0.06	7.06	2.992	86.926^**
E	1.36	0.96	0.40	1.16	0.09	7.60	2.952	84.123^**
D_a/mm	42.29	28.22	14.08	35.52	2.60	7.32	2.954	70.447^**
D_g/mm	42.17	28.14	14.03	35.39	2.59	7.33	2.953	70.795^**
φ	1.02	0.82	0.20	0.91	0.04	4.70	2.961	87.233^**
S/cm²	55.97	24.88	31.09	39.60	5.71	14.41	2.953	68.230^**
V/cm³	39.53	11.69	27.84	23.67	5.05	21.34	2.979	65.726^**
I_PK/%	68.62	41.10	27.52	56.08	4.51	8.04	2.915	63.107^**
I_KCV/cm^-3	4.75	1.29	3.46	2.49	0.60	24.05	2.849	72.936^**

表型性状 phenotypic trait	L	W	T	T_S	m_N	m_K	m_D	m_S	R_a
L	1
W	0.630^**	1
T	0.601^**	0.913^**	1
T_S	0.139	0.174	0.122	1
m_N	0.628^**	0.844^**	0.821^**	0.507^**	1
m_K	0.673^**	0.875^**	0.853^**	0.177	0.902^**	1
m_D	0.391^**	0.500^**	0.418^**	-0.009	0.412^**	0.469^**	1
m_S	0.459^**	0.646^**	0.629^**	0.737^**	0.904^**	0.630^**	0.239^*	1
R_a	-0.542^**	0.307^**	0.245^*	0.034	0.144	0.116	0.046	0.144	1
I_NSI	-0.519^**	0.307^**	0.346^**	0.013	0.176	0.151	0.026	0.170	0.969^**
E	0.468^**	-0.290^**	-0.422^**	0.029	-0.184	-0.175	-0.013	-0.161	-0.881^**
D_a	0.851^**	0.927^**	0.919^**	0.160	-0.842^**	0.883^**	0.482^**	0.636^**	-0.042
D_g	0.833^**	0.937^**	0.929^**	0.158	0.846^**	0.888^**	0.484^**	0.638^**	-0.01
φ	-0.519^**	0.307^**	0.346^**	0.011	0.175	0.151	0.028	0.167	0.969^**
S	0.826^**	0.937^**	0.932^**	0.160	0.850^**	0.887^**	0.489^**	0.646^**	-0.002
V	0.817^**	0.935^**	0.932^**	0.163	0.852^**	0.885^**	0.492^**	0.651^**	0.007
I_PK	0.080	0.052	0.043	-0.755^**	-0.252^**	0.181	0.141	-0.632^**	-0.058
I_KCV	-0.789^**	-0.873^**	-0.862^**	-0.396^**	-0.874^**	-0.789^**	-0.389^**	-0.788^**	0.018
I_NSI	1
E	-0.968^**	1
D_a	0.005	-0.049	1
D_g	0.037	-0.082	0.999^**	1
φ	1.000^**	-0.969^**	0.005	0.038	1
S	0.047	-0.091	0.998^**	0.999^**	0.047	1
V	0.057	-0.101	0.993^**	0.994^**	0.057	0.999^**	1
I_PK	-0.061	0.031	0.067	0.068	-0.056	0.056	0.044	1
I_KCV	-0.025	0.057	-0.935^**	-0.935^**	-0.024	-0.927^**	-0.916^**	0.227^*	1

表型性状 phenotypic traits	PC1	PC2	PC3
L	0.758	-0.640	0.077
W	0.951	0.167	0.138
T	0.936	0.205	0.156
T_S	0.299	0.019	-0.880
m_N	0.930	0.064	-0.248
m_K	0.914	0.020	0.162
m_D	0.504	-0.055	0.252
m_S	0.762	0.099	-0.612
R_a	0.098	0.965	0.036
I_NSI	0.141	0.988	0.054
E	-0.170	-0.951	-0.095
D_a	0.975	-0.144	0.135
D_g	0.978	-0.111	0.140
φ	0.141	0.988	0.058
S	0.980	-0.101	0.134
V	0.978	-0.091	0.128
I_PK	-0.065	-0.100	0.936
I_KCV	-0.949	0.106	0.159
特征值eigen value	9.790	4.356	2.341
贡献率/% contributive percentage	54.390	24.203	13.003
累计贡献率/% total percentage	54.390	78.593	91.596

品系编号 genotype	综合评价值 D	排名 rank	品系编号 genotype	综合评价值 D	排名 rank	品系编号 genotype	综合评价值 D	排名 rank	品系编号 genotype	综合评价值 D	排名 rank
DY	0.807	1	D6N1	0.516	29	W57	0.446	57	Z2	0.386	85
XJ45	0.716	2	A02	0.515	30	B17	0.445	58	W13	0.385	86
A265	0.712	3	XJ40	0.509	31	B26	0.444	59	W36	0.384	87
B99	0.673	4	A219	0.506	32	A13	0.443	60	A271	0.381	88
D30	0.646	5	XJ16	0.500	33	W14	0.439	61	E032	0.376	89
A068	0.629	6	K2	0.499	34	A097	0.438	62	W6	0.361	90
E030	0.617	7	W47	0.498	35	W19	0.428	63	W45	0.356	91
A082	0.604	8	W17	0.498	36	D8	0.426	64	D15	0.354	92
XJ59	0.597	9	A241	0.494	37	O13N1	0.422	65	A298	0.347	93
W27	0.587	10	A266	0.492	38	W38	0.419	66	W9	0.342	94
175D2B1	0.584	11	A253	0.489	39	E042B53	0.419	67	A255	0.338	95
XJ57	0.582	12	W18	0.488	40	B112	0.415	68	A205	0.337	96
A123	0.576	13	XJ12	0.487	41	D23	0.415	69	Z3	0.335	97
A389B1	0.573	14	A201	0.482	42	W2	0.414	70	A110	0.328	98
W23	0.567	15	A336	0.478	43	Z1	0.409	71	D33B1	0.322	99
A393N2	0.567	16	Z5	0.476	44	W37	0.409	72	A215B1	0.322	100
W12	0.556	17	A125	0.473	45	A01	0.408	73	E042	0.317	101
W4	0.555	18	XJ39	0.473	46	W24	0.406	74	W31	0.313	102
ZY	0.546	19	W30	0.467	47	A390	0.406	75	W20	0.312	103
W21	0.543	20	W15	0.466	48	A385	0.404	76	A145	0.309	104
A248	0.542	21	W33	0.465	49	X1N1	0.403	77	W43	0.272	105
A364	0.541	22	W50	0.462	50	A389	0.401	78	D35	0.268	106
K1	0.540	23	W29	0.461	51	W40	0.399	79	075X1N1	0.219	107
A091	0.531	24	W42	0.458	52	XJ14	0.399	80	D2-2	0.179	108
HF	0.524	25	W8	0.451	53	A171	0.396	81	D2-3	0.122	109
Z4	0.523	26	W46	0.450	54	A293	0.394	82
XJ49	0.521	27	A51	0.446	55	A250	0.394	83
K1L4	0.517	28	W34	0.446	56	A212	0.387	84

109份丰产核桃单株坚果表型多样性分析及性状评价

Nuts’ phenotypic diversity analysis and character evaluation of 109 high-yield walnut individual trees

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