现代林木育种关键核心技术研究现状与展望

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202206020

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2022, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (6): 1-9.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202206020

所属专题：南京林业大学120周年校庆特刊

现代林木育种关键核心技术研究现状与展望

陈赢男¹(), 韦素云¹, 曲冠正², 胡建军³, 王军辉³, 尹佟明¹, 潘惠新¹, 卢孟柱⁴, 康向阳⁵, 李来庚⁶, 黄敏仁¹, 王明庥¹^,^*()

1.南京林业大学林木遗传与生物技术省部共建教育部重点实验室,南京林业大学林学院,江苏南京 210037
2.东北林业大学,林木遗传育种国家重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨 150006
3.中国林业科学研究院林业研究所,北京 100091
4.浙江农林大学林业与生物技术学院,省部共建亚热带森林培育国家重点实验室,浙江杭州 311300
5.北京林业大学生物科学与技术学院,北京 100083
6.中国科学院上海生命科学研究院,植物生理生态研究所,植物分子遗传国家重点实验室,上海 200032

收稿日期:2022-06-14 修回日期:2022-07-02 出版日期:2022-11-30 发布日期:2022-11-24
通讯作者: 王明庥
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2021YFD2200202)

The key and core technologies for accelerating the tree breeding process

CHEN Yingnan¹(), WEI Suyun¹, QU Guanzheng², HU Jianju³, WANG Junhui³, YIN Tongming¹, PAN Huixin¹, LU Mengzhu⁴, KANG Xiangyang⁵, LI Laigeng⁶, HUANG Minren¹, WANG Mingxiu¹^,^*()

1. Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Biotechnology of Department of Education, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150006, China
3. Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
4. State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
5. College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
6. State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China

Received:2022-06-14 Revised:2022-07-02 Online:2022-11-30 Published:2022-11-24
Contact: WANG Mingxiu

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

良种是提升人工林生产力和增强其碳汇能力的重要基础。“林业种质资源培育与质量提升”是国家“十四五”重点研发任务之一。突破制约林木育种效率和遗传增益提升的瓶颈对于保障国家木材安全和实现“双碳”目标具有十分重要的战略意义。由于传统林木育种周期长、效率低、表型选择精度差,以分子育种为代表的现代育种技术可以显著缩短林木育种周期,精准改良目标性状,成为实现高效林木遗传改良的关键途径。笔者分析了限制林木遗传改良进程的主要问题,阐述了全基因组选择育种等现代林木育种关键核心技术的发展现状及应用情况,并对这些技术未来发展方向进行了展望,为加速林木遗传改良的重大技术创新提供参考。

关键词: 林木育种, 全基因组选择育种, 双单倍体(DH)系育种, 多倍体育种, 多基因聚合育种, 基因编辑育种

Abstract:

Elite cultivars provide important foundations for enhancing carbon sink capacity and increasing the productivity of forest plantations. Forestry germplasm resources breeding and quality improvement has been one of the national key research and development programs during the 14th Five-Year Plan period in China. For ensuring timber safety and achieving dual-carbon goals, it is strategically important to break through the bottleneck that restricts the increase in breeding efficiency and the genetic gain of forest trees. Due to the long period, low efficiency, and low phenotypic selection accuracy of traditional breeding approaches, modern breeding technologies represented by molecular breeding have become a critical path towards high-efficient genetic improvement of forest trees. This is because it can considerably shorten breeding cycles and improve target traits with precision. This paper analyzed the main problems limiting the genetic improvement of forest trees, reviewed the key and core technologies for accelerating the tree breeding process, such as genomic selection breeding, and further discussed some future perspectives for this area. This review will provide useful information for accelerating the revolution and innovation of genetic improvement in forest trees.

Key words: tree breeding, genomic selection breeding, doubled haploid(DH) breeding, polyploid breeding, multi-gene pyramid breeding, gene editing breeding

中图分类号:

S722

陈赢男,韦素云,曲冠正,等. 现代林木育种关键核心技术研究现状与展望[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2022, 46(6): 1-9.

CHEN Yingnan, WEI Suyun, QU Guanzheng, HU Jianju, WANG Junhui, YIN Tongming, PAN Huixin, LU Mengzhu, KANG Xiangyang, LI Laigeng, HUANG Minren, WANG Mingxiu. The key and core technologies for accelerating the tree breeding process[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2022, 46(6): 1-9.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202206020.

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现代林木育种关键核心技术研究现状与展望

The key and core technologies for accelerating the tree breeding process

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