【目的】通过彩叶桦新品种的多地点试验,研究其在不同立地条件下的生长表现及稳定性,为选择适应性强的优良新品种提供科学依据。【方法】以彩叶桦新品种6个品系及对照为研究对象,在立地条件不同的6个参试点造林。各参试点试验林均按完全随机区组设计,设置5个区组,区组内每小区定植5~15株,株行距2 m×3 m。调查各参试点彩叶桦新品种幼龄期的树高、地径、保存率等性状,利用DPS统计分析软件对其进行多点联合方差分析及稳定性分析。【结果】①树高、地径生长量在品种间和地点间的差异以及品种与地点的交互作用均表现极显著(P < 0. 01),对开展彩叶桦新品选择及稳定性分析具有重要意义。②彩叶桦新品种中,‘朝霞’系列RG12、RG11生长表现较好,其中:RG12在帽儿山、宝龙店、孟家岗、鹤岗4个参试点的树高、地径生长量最大,其较各参试点试验群体均值分别提高了22.2%、38.3%、18.0%、9.8%和72.2%、43.2%、21.5%、19.1%;RG11在小北湖参试点的树高、地径生长量最大,较当地试验群体均值提高了23.3%和21.5%;‘紫霞’系列紫2在错海参试点的树高生长表现较好,其较当地参试点群体均值提高了9.8%;其他彩叶桦生长表现一般或较差。③在6个彩叶桦新品种中,‘紫霞’系列新品种的保存率较高,平均为90.1%;而‘朝霞’系列新品种保存率较低,平均为78.7%。④依据各品种树高、地径的速生性和稳定性参数综合评价认为RG11较好。【结论】彩叶桦的生长性状在品种间和地点间存在显著差异,品种与地点存在显著交互作用。据幼龄期的分析初步确定‘朝霞’系列RG11的速生性较高、稳定性较强,可在全部6个参试点推广。

【Objective】 The growth performance and stability of new varieties of color-leafed birch were studied under different multi-environment site conditions to provide a scientific basis for selecting excellent new varieties with good adaptability. 【Method】 Six strains of color-leafed birch new varieties and controls were tested at six different sites. A randomized complete block design was used in this study. Each site had 5 blocks, and each plot had 5-15 plants with a 2 m×3 m plant spacing. Tree height, ground diameter, and preservation rate were measured at an early age, and multi-site joint combined variance and stability analyses were conducted using the DPS statistical analysis software. 【Result】 (1) The differences in tree height and ground diameter growth between varieties and locations, and the interaction between varieties by location, were significant (P < 0.01). Therefore, conducting a selection and stability analysis of new birch varieties was important. (2) Among the new birch varieties, the strains RG12 and RG11 showed better growth performance. RG12 had the highest tree height and ground diameter growth at the following four testing sites: Maoershan, Baolongdian, Mengjiagang, and Hegang. RG12 increased by 22.2%, 38.3%, 18.0%, 9.8% and 72.2%, 43.2%, 21.5%, and 19.1% over the population mean, respectively. RG11 had the highest tree height and ground diameter growth at the Xiaobeihu site and increased by 23.3% and 21.5% over local controls, respectively. The tree height growth of Purple 2 in the ‘Zixia’ series performed well in the Cuohai site, with an increase of 9.8% compared to the arerage of the local pilot group. The other color-leafed birch varieties exhibited medium or poor growth performance. (3) Among the six new strains, the conservation rate of the new varieties of the “Zixia” series was 90.1% and was higher than average, while for the new varieties of the “Zhaoxia” series it was 78.7% and was lower than average. (4) Based on the growth and stability parameters of tree height and ground diameter, RG11 was the best variety. 【Conclusion】 The growth traits of color-leafed birch varieties differed significantly, which indicated that variety had a significant effect, as well as location and the variety-location interaction. According to the analysis of trees at a young age, our preliminary results showed that RG11 had rapid growth and stability, and could be promoted at all six testing site regions.