西南地区不同下垫面雷电活动特征与森林雷击火的关系

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202206039

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (3): 219-228.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202206039

西南地区不同下垫面雷电活动特征与森林雷击火的关系

李岩松¹(), 杨艳蓉¹^,^*(), 张文艺¹, 张乐英¹, 黄傲¹, 张贻荣²

1.南京林业大学生态与环境学院, 南方现代林业协同创新中心,江苏南京 210037
2.武夷山国家公园管理局,福建南平 354300

收稿日期:2022-06-22 修回日期:2022-11-01 出版日期:2024-05-30 发布日期:2024-06-14
通讯作者: *杨艳蓉(yangyanrong@njfu.edu.cn),教授。
作者简介:李岩松(liyansonglyj1997@163.com)。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金面上项目(31971670);福建省林业科技项目(2022FKJ28)

Relationship between characteristics of lightning activity on different underlying surface and forest lightning fire in southwest China

LI Yansong¹(), YANG Yanrong¹^,^*(), ZHANG Wenyi¹, ZHANG Leying¹, HUANG Ao¹, ZHANG Yirong²

1. College of Ecology and Environment, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
2. Wuyi Mountain National Park Administration, Nanping 354300,China

Received:2022-06-22 Revised:2022-11-01 Online:2024-05-30 Published:2024-06-14

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】西南地区是我国第二大天然林区,该地生态系统脆弱,森林雷击火灾频发。通过遥感、探测资料分析不同地表覆盖类型、不同海拔下垫面的雷电活动特征,探究雷电活动对森林雷击火的影响。【方法】根据2005—2017年全球闪电定位系统(WWLLN)闪电数据、MCD12Q1土地覆盖数据、SRTM(shuttle radar topography mission)海拔数据以及相应森林雷击火个例,结合Theil-Sen趋势分析、Mann-Kendall趋势检验、相对密度差分析,对我国西南地区雷电活动随下垫面类型、海拔的变化特征及其与森林雷击火的关系进行研究。【结果】 ① 2005—2017年西南地区云地闪频次以每年8.75%的速率增加。四川和云南交界的攀枝花附近区域是最高值核心区。② 海拔500~1 000 m、稀树草原类下垫面年均云地闪频次最多。以相对密度差表征雷电活跃程度,从季节上看,春季最活跃;从昼夜变化尺度上看,昼间最活跃。表现活跃的下垫面集中在海拔0~1 000 m段,以及农用地/自然植被拼接、稀树草原类和城区为主的地表类型。③ 云地闪在不同下垫面均呈增长趋势,其增长面积占比为西南地区的93.48%。其中,海拔3 500 m以上和草地类型下垫面的增长趋势最显著,从海拔和地表类型来看,显著的面积占比均超过80%。④ 年云地闪频次越高,发生森林雷击火的概率越大。海拔0~1 000 m森林雷击火发生与云地闪活动的下垫面特点一致,海拔1 000 m以上雷击火主要受高云地闪频次影响。【结论】西南地区雷电活动与下垫面的海拔、地表类型关系密切,且这一关系随不同时间尺度而变化。作为森林雷击火的起因,结合下垫面特征分析雷电活动,探究森林雷击火,可以为西南山地天然林保护提供科学支撑。

关键词: 森林雷击火, 云地闪, 海拔, 地表覆盖类型, 西南地区

Abstract:

【Objective】 Southwest China is the second largest natural forest region in China, where the ecosystem is fragile and forest lightning fire disasters occur frequently. According to the causal relationship between lightning and forest lightning fire, the characteristics of lightning activities on underlying surfaces with different land cover types and different altitudes, and the influence of lightning activity on forest lightning fire is explored. 【Method】 Based on WWLLN lightning data, land cover data MCD12Q1, altitude data SRTM and corresponding lightning forest fires from 2005 to 2017, combined with Theil-Sen trend analysis, Mann-Kendall trend test, relative density difference analysis. The variation characteristics of lightning activity with underlying surface type and altitude in southwest China and its relationship with forest lightning fire were studied.【Result】 (1) From 2005 to 2017, the cloud-to-ground lightning frequency in southwest China increased at a rate of 8.75% per year. The area near Panzhihua at the border of Sichuan and Yunnan maintains the core area of the highest value in years and seasons. (2) The annual cloud-to-ground lightning frequency was the highest in the underlying surface of savanna at an altitude of 500-1 000 m. The degree of lightning activity is characterized by the relative density difference. It is most active in spring and most active in daytime on a daily scale. The active surface types are concentrated in the 0-1 000 m elevation, Agricultural land/natural vegetation Mosaic, savanna type and urban type. (3) Cloud-to-ground lightning showed an increasing trend in different underlying surfaces, and its area accounted for 93.48% in southwest China. Among them, the growth trend of underlying surface of above 3 500 m altitude and grassland type is the most significant, and the significant area accounts for more than 80% from the elevation and surface type respectively. (4) The higher the annual cloud-to-ground lightning frequency, the greater the probability of lightning fire. The occurrence of forest lightning fire at 0-1 000 m altitude is consistent with the characteristics of the underlying surface of cloud-to-ground lightning distribution, and the lightning fire above 1 000 m altitude is mainly affected by high cloud-to-ground lightning frequency. 【Conclusion】 The lightning activity in southwest China is closely related to the underlying surface altitude and surface type, and the relationship varies with different time scales. As the cause of forest lightning fire, the analysis of lightning activity and forest lightning fire combined with the characteristics of underlying surface can provide scientific support for the protection of natural forest in southwest mountainous area.

Key words: lightning caused forest fire, cloud-to-ground lightning, altitude, land cover type, southwest China

中图分类号:

S762.1

李岩松,杨艳蓉,张文艺,等. 西南地区不同下垫面雷电活动特征与森林雷击火的关系[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2024, 48(3): 219-228.

LI Yansong, YANG Yanrong, ZHANG Wenyi, ZHANG Leying, HUANG Ao, ZHANG Yirong. Relationship between characteristics of lightning activity on different underlying surface and forest lightning fire in southwest China[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2024, 48(3): 219-228.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202206039.

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海拔/m altitude section	春 spring	夏 summer	秋 autumn	昼 day	夜 night
[0,200)	38.01^*	-37.97	-45.49	32.44^*	-35.69
[200,500)	10.64^*	39.14^*	-21.54	98.10^*	-24.72
[500,1 000)	43.05^*	12.99^*	-1.65	29.18^*	8.48^*
[1 000,3 500)	-22.34	-9.17	16.77^*	-25.05	4.37^*
≥3 500	-63.63	-34.23	-9.46	-81.78	-10.98

土地覆盖类型 land cover type	春 spring	夏 summer	秋 autumn	昼 day	夜 night
森林 forest	-4.57	-10.62	3.91^*	-10.84	-4.11
多树型稀树草原 multi-tree savanna	8.53^*	1.33^*	-6.14	4.83^*	0.31^*
稀树草原 savanna	27.05^*	20.93^*	15.67^*	27.18^*	16.57^*
草地 grass	-60.42	-36.83	-15.97	-77.76	-16.90
农用地 agricultural land	-5.49	2.38^*	12.24^*	-8.07	7.66^*
城市和建筑区 urban and built areas	10.41^*	39.15^*	-0.09	64.48^*	-2.99
水体 waters	-30.11	21.22^*	-6.05	-28.66	-2.55
农用地/自然植被拼接 agricultural land/natural vegetation mosaic	33.03^*	31.13^*	-6.73	85.57^*	-5.67

下垫面类型 underlying surface type		变化面积占比/% proportion of change area
下垫面类型 underlying surface type		显著增加 significant increase	不显著增加 insignificant increase	不显著减少 insignificant reduction
按海拔分类 classification by altitude	[0, 200)m	7.69	84.62	7.69
	[200, 500)m	8.38	65.24	26.38
	[500, 1 000)m	35.98	57.13	6.89
	[1 000, 3 500)m	44.63	51.72	3.61
	≥3 500 m	85.21^*	14.64	0.15
按土地类型分类 classification by land type	森林 forest	57.21^*	37.46	5.28
	多树型稀树草原 multi-tree savanna	42.21	52.03	5.76
	稀树草原 savanna	34.49	57.97	7.55
	草地 grass	80.61^*	18.62	0.77
	农用地 agricultural land	28.43	62.88	8.70
	城市和建筑区 urban and built areas	33.33	40.40	26.26
	水体 waters	60.00^*	30.00	10.00
	农用地/自然植被拼接 agricultural land/natural vegetation mosaic	8.92	1.96	19.12

西南地区不同下垫面雷电活动特征与森林雷击火的关系

Relationship between characteristics of lightning activity on different underlying surface and forest lightning fire in southwest China

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