金佛山方竹果实发育特征及淀粉粒动态变化

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202206042

国家林草科技领军期刊
中国精品科技期刊
中国高校百佳科技期刊
江苏省新闻出版政府奖期刊奖
RCCSE林学权威期刊（A+）
CSCD核心期刊
Scopus数据库收录期刊
中文核心期刊
SCD核心期刊

作者加群：102861116

微信公众号：南京林业大学学报

高级检索

南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (6): 150-158.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202206042

金佛山方竹果实发育特征及淀粉粒动态变化

伍虹雨¹^,²(), 林树燕¹^,^*(), 丁雨龙¹, 张玉¹^,², 杨露¹^,², 秦敏¹^,², 蔡鸥¹^,²

1.南京林业大学,南方现代林业协同创新中心,南京林业大学竹类研究院,江苏南京 210037
2.南京林业大学生命科学学院,江苏南京 210037

收稿日期:2022-06-22 修回日期:2022-11-06 出版日期:2023-11-30 发布日期:2023-11-23
通讯作者: *林树燕(lrx@njfu.com.cn),教授。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2021YFD2200503);贵州省特色林业产业科研项目(特林研2020-17);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)

Study on development characteristics and dynamic changes of starch granules in the fruit of Chimonobambusa utilis

WU Hongyu¹^,²(), LIN Shuyan¹^,^*(), DING Yulong¹, ZHANG Yu¹^,², YANG Lu¹^,², QIN Min¹^,², CAI Ou¹^,²

1. Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
2. College of Life Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China

Received:2022-06-22 Revised:2022-11-06 Online:2023-11-30 Published:2023-11-23

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】竹类植物开花结实周期长,因此竹子开花并不常见。研究并明确金佛山方竹(Chimonobambusa utilis)果实发育过程中胚、胚乳以及果皮的发育特性,以了解竹类植物浆果状颖果的发育过程,探究果实发育过程中淀粉粒的动态变化。【方法】以金佛山方竹盛花期至果实成熟阶段不同发育期的果实为试验材料,采用外观形态观察和石蜡制片技术对金佛山方竹果实的发育过程进行详细研究,利用石蜡制片、过碘酸-席夫反应与扫描电镜相结合的方法研究金佛山方竹果实发育过程中细胞内的淀粉粒动态变化,并根据内部胚乳形态判断金佛山方竹果实是否发育成熟。【结果】金佛山方竹种子胚和胚乳发育过程不同步,胚乳发育早于胚。当合子开始有丝分裂即第1次分裂时,胚乳中已有大量游离核。金佛山方竹胚的发育经过二细胞原胚、多细胞原胚、梨形原胚、分化胚,以及成熟胚阶段,可划分为原胚期、胚分化期和胚成熟期3个时期。果皮由表皮细胞和内部薄壁细胞组成,随着果实的纵向伸长,其厚度也逐渐增加。种皮由珠被发育而来,与果皮紧密结合。果实有后熟现象,采收后,胚囊中部中空,采后6~10 d,果实完成后熟,胚乳细胞逐渐充满胚囊,转为贮藏组织。淀粉粒数量在胚乳细胞中呈现由少至多的动态变化,而在果皮发育的整个过程中持续存在,分布于薄壁细胞中。【结论】金佛山方竹果实属于浆果状颖果,包括果皮、种皮、胚乳及胚;胚和胚乳发育不同步,胚的发育过程分为3个阶段,胚乳发育类型为核型胚乳;果实采摘后有约7 d的后熟期,淀粉粒分布于果皮薄壁细胞和成熟胚乳细胞中。

关键词: 金佛山方竹, 浆果状颖果, 发育结构, 淀粉粒动态分布

Abstract:

【Objective】Bamboo plants have a long flowering and fruiting cycle, making it tough to notice bamboo flowering. This study aimed to elucidate the developmental characteristics of the embryo, endosperm and pericarp of Chimonobambusa utilis during fruit development, thereby supplementing the development process of bamboo berry-like caryopses, and revealing the dynamics of starch granules during fruit development.【Method】The fruits of C. utilis at different developmental stages were selected as samples, and their developmental process was studied by appearance observation and paraffin sectioning. Dynamic changes in the distribution of starch granules in cells during fruit growth were assessed by paraffin sectioning, PAS(schiff periodic acid shiff) staining, and scanning electron microscopy. The internal endosperm morphology was used to determine whether C. utilis was mature. 【Result】Non-synchronized development of the embryo and endosperm in C. utilis fruits and endosperm development occurs earlier than embryo development. When mitosis begins in the zygote, the embryo sac contains numerous free nuclei in the endosperm. Development of C. utilis goes through a two-cell proembryo, multicellular proembryo, pear-shaped proembryo, differentiated embryo, and mature embryo stages, which can be divided further into three stages: proembryonic, embryo differentiation, and embryo maturation. The pericarp comprises epidermal and inner parenchyma cells and its thickness gradually increases with the longitudinal elongation of the fruit. The seed coat develops from the integument and is tightly combined with the pericarp. The fruits of C. utilis were characterized post-ripening. The middle portion of the embryonic sac was hollow after harvesting. After 6-10 days, the fruit matured, and the endosperm cells gradually filled the entire embryo sac and turned into storage tissue. The number of starch granules varied dynamically in the endosperm cells, with a change from low to high, while they persisted throughout the development of the pericarp and were distributed in the parenchyma cells. 【Conclusion】C. utilis fruits, including the pericarp, seed coat, endosperm, and embryo, are of the berry-like caryopsis type. Embryo and endosperm development are not synchronous, and embryo development is divided into three stages. The development of endosperms is of the nuclear type. The fruit has a post-ripening period of approximately seven days after picking, and starch granules are distributed in the parenchyma cells of the pericarp and mature endosperm cells.

Key words: Chimonobambusa utilis, berry-like caryopsis, development structure, dynamic distribution of starch granules

中图分类号:

S718

伍虹雨,林树燕,丁雨龙,等. 金佛山方竹果实发育特征及淀粉粒动态变化[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2023, 47(6): 150-158.

WU Hongyu, LIN Shuyan, DING Yulong, ZHANG Yu, YANG Lu, QIN Min, CAI Ou. Study on development characteristics and dynamic changes of starch granules in the fruit of Chimonobambusa utilis[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2023, 47(6): 150-158.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202206042.

图/表 7

图1

图2

图3

图4

表1

图5

图6

参考文献 31

[1]	凡美玲, 方水元, 董友顺, 等. 3类金佛山方竹林发笋规律比较[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2021, 49(10):122-124.
	FAN M L, FANG S Y, DONG Y S, et al. Comparison on the shooting rhythm between three types forest of Chimonobambusa utilis[J]. J Anhui Agric Sci, 2021, 49(10):122-124.
[2]	杨蒙, 张玉, 丁雨龙, 等. 金佛山方竹开花特性及花器官发育特征[J]. 东北林业大学学报, 2022, 50(1):7-13,45.
	YANG M, ZHANG Y, DING Y L, et al. Flowering characteristics and floral organ development characteristics of Chimonobambusa utilis[J]. J Northeast For Univ, 2022, 50(1):7-13,45.DOI:10.13759/j.cnki.dlxb.2022.01.008.
[3]	张玉, 郑笑, 苏佳露, 等. 不同培养温度对金佛山方竹种子萌发的影响[J]. 种子, 2019, 38(1):80-85.
	ZHANG Y, ZHENG X, SU J L, et al. Effects of different temperatures on the seeds germination of Chimonobambusa utilis (Keng) Keng[J]. Seed, 2019, 38(1):80-85.DOI:10.16590/j.cnki.1001-4705.2019.01.080.
[4]	胡成华, 胡朝辉. 云南龙竹、黔竹的果实:一种植物学上新的果实类型[J]. 竹子研究汇刊, 1996, 15(4):1-8.
	HU C H, HU Z H. The new type of fruit in botany[J]. J Bamboo Res, 1996, 15(4):1-8.
[5]	喻富根, 胡成华, 陈玲, 等. 竹类果实的形态解剖特征与系统进化[J]. 植物学报, 1993, 35(10):779-792,821.
	YU F G, HU C H, CHEN L, et al. The morphological and anatomical characters of bamboo fruits with relation to systematics and evolution[J]. J Integr Plant Biol, 1993, 35(10):779-792,821.
[6]	林树燕, 刘国华, 丁雨龙. 异叶苦竹胚和胚乳的发育及淀粉粒动态[J]. 林业科学, 2011, 47(9):33-35,191.
	LIN S Y, LIU G H, DING Y L. Accumulation dynamics of starch grains and the development of embryo and endosperm in Arundinaria simonii f.heterophylla[J]. Sci Silvae Sin, 2011, 47(9):33-35,191.
[7]	喻富根, 胡成华, 陈玲, 等. 竹类果实的形态解剖特征与系统进化[J]. 植物学报, 1993, 35(10):779-792,821.
	YU F G, HU C H, CHEN L, et al. The morphological and anatomical characters of bamboo fruits with relation to systematics and evolution[J]. J Integr Plant Biol, 1993, 35(10):779-792,821.
[8]	李芳, 张玉, 邵丽娟, 等. 含水率与贮藏温度对翠竹(Pleioblastus pygmaeus)种子生活力的影响[J]. 种子, 2018, 37(4):17-22.
	LI F, ZHANG Y, SHAO L J, et al. The effect on the seed vitality of Pleioblastus pygmaeus under the conditions of different storage temperature and moisture content[J]. Seed, 2018, 37(4):17-22.DOI:10.16590/j.cnki.1001-4705.2018.04.017.
[9]	姚文静, 姜明云, 王星, 等. 黄条金刚竹开花生物学特性及花粉萌发力[J]. 东北林业大学学报, 2020, 48(3):13-18.
	YAO W J, JIANG M Y, WANG X, et al. Biological analysis of flowering and pollen germination in Sasaella kongosanensis ‘Aureostriatus’[J]. J Northeast For Univ, 2020, 48(3):13-18.DOI:10.13759/j.cnki.dlxb.2020.03.003.
[10]	胡适宜. 被子植物胚胎学[M]. 北京: 人民教育出版社, 1982.
	HU S Y. Angiosperm embryology[M]. Beijing: People’s Education Press, 1982.
[11]	郭起荣, 周建梅, 孙立方, 等. 毛竹大孢子发生与雌配子体发育研究[J]. 江西农业大学学报, 2014, 36(5):925-928.
	GUO Q R, ZHOU J M, SUN L F, et al. Development of the megasporogenesis and female gametophyte in Phyllostachys edulis[J]. Acta Agric Univ Jiangxiensis, 2014, 36(5):925-928.DOI:10.13836/j.jjau.2014148.
[12]	林树燕, 丁雨龙. 鹅毛竹与异叶苦竹的繁育系统研究[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2013, 37(3):1-5.
	LIN S Y, DING Y L. Studies on the breeding system in Shibataea chinensis and Arundinaria simonii f.heterophylla[J]. J Nanjing For Univ (Nat Sci Ed), 2013, 37(3):1-5.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.2013.03.001.
[13]	傅华君, 范婷婷, 杨蒙, 等. 翠竹开花生物学特性研究[J]. 林业科学研究, 2020, 33(2):54-60.
	FU H J, FAN T T, YANG M, et al. Studies on flowering biological characteristics of Pleioblastus pygmaeus[J]. For Res, 2020, 33(2):54-60.DOI:10.13275/j.cnki.lykxyj.2020.02.007.
[14]	张伟成, 严文梅, 娄成后. 小麦颖果中反足细胞衰退过程的结构变化及其对胚乳形态建成的作用[J]. 植物学报, 1988, 30(5):457-462,569.
	ZHANG W C, YAN W M, LOU C H. The structural changes during the degeneration process of antipodal complex and its function to endosperm formation in wheat caryopsis[J]. J Integr Plant Biol, 1988, 30(5):457-462,569.
[15]	张华华, 冯九焕, 卢永根, 等. 利用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜观察同源四倍体水稻胚囊的形成与发育[J]. 电子显微学报, 2003, 22(5):380-384.
	ZHANG H H, FENG J H, LU Y G, et al. Observation on formation and development of autotetraploid rice embryo sac using laser scanning confocal microscope[J]. J Chin Electron Microsc Soc, 2003, 22(5):380-384.
[16]	MAEDA E, MIYAKE H. Ultrastructure of antipodal cells of rice (Oryza sativa) after anthesis,as related to nutrient transport in embryo sac[J]. Jpn J Crop Sci, 1996, 65:340-351.DOI:10.1626/JCS.65.340.
[17]	席湘媛, 叶宝兴. 大麦胚和胚乳发育的相关性及贮藏营养物质的积累[J]. 植物学报, 1997, 39(10):905-913,990.
	XI X Y, YE B X. Relationship between embryo and endosperm development and accumulation of storage reserves in barley[J]. J Integr Plant Biol, 1997, 39(10):905-913,990.
[18]	杨小菊, 张友德, 李和平. 龙须草胚和胚乳发育过程的观察[J]. 华中农业大学学报, 2000, 19(2):176-178,182.
	YANG X J, ZHANG Y D, LI H P. Observation on the development of embryo and endosperm in Eulalcopsis binata[J]. J Huazhong Agric, 2000, 19(2):176-178,182.DOI:10.13300/j.cnki.hnlkxb.2000.02.022.
[19]	王晓燕, 高荣岐, 董树亭. 玉米胚乳发育研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报, 2005, 21(6):107-109.
	WANG X Y, GAO R Q, DONG S T. Study progress in development of endosperm in maize[J]. Chin Agric Sci Bull, 2005, 21(6):107-109.
[20]	王丽, 赵桂仿. 华山新麦草胚和胚乳的发育研究[J]. 西北植物学报, 2002, 22(4):786-790.
	WANG L, ZHAO G F. Studies on the development of embryo and endosperm in Psathyrostachys huashanica[J]. Acta Bot Boreali-Occidentalia Sin, 2002, 22(4):786-790.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-4025.2002.04.008.
[21]	胡适宜. 小麦颖果发育过程中淀粉的积累和动态[J]. 植物学报, 1964, 6(2):139-153.
	HU S Y. Accumulation and movement of starch during caryopsis development of the wheat[J]. J Integr Plant Biol, 1964, 6(2):139-153.
[22]	高荣岐, 董树亭, 胡昌浩, 等. 夏玉米籽粒发育过程中淀粉积累与粒重的关系[J]. 山东农业大学学报, 1993, 24(1):42-48.
	GAO R Q, DONG S T, HU C H, et al. Relationship between starch accumulation and grain weight during grain development of summer maize[J]. J Shandong Agric Univ, 1993, 24(1):42-48.
[23]	XIONG F, YU X R, ZHOU L, et al. Structural and physiological characterization during wheat pericarp development[J]. Plant Cell Rep, 2013, 32(8):1309-1320.DOI:10.1007/s00299-013-1445-y.
[24]	李栋梁, 荆彦平, 李小刚, 等. 高粱胚乳细胞与母体组织发育关系的研究[J]. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(17):3336-3347.
	LI D L, JING Y P, LI X G, et al. Investigation of Sorghum endosperm cell development and the relationship with its maternal tissue[J]. Sci Agric Sin, 2014, 47(17):3336-3347.
[25]	李栋梁, 李小刚, 顾蕴洁, 等. 不同类型水稻品种胚乳发育的研究[J]. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(19):3757-3768.
	LI D L, LI X G, GU Y J, et al. Investigation of endosperm cell development of different rice varieties[J]. Sci Agric Sin, 2014, 47(19):3757-3768.
[26]	郗荣庭. 果树栽培学总论[M]. 3版. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 1997.
	XI R T. General introduction of fruit tree cultivation[M]. 3rd ed. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 1997.
[27]	郑光华, 史忠礼, 赵同芳, 等. 实用种子生理学[M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 1990:158-213.
	ZHENG G H, SHI Z L, ZHAO T F, et al. Practical seed physiology[M]. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 1990:158-213.
[28]	BASKIN J, BASKIN C. A classification system for seed dormancy[J]. Seed Sci Res, 2004, 14:1-16.DOI:10.1079/SSR2003150.
[29]	曹帮华, 蔡春菊. 银杏种子后熟生理与内源激素变化的研究[J]. 林业科学, 2006, 42(2):32-37.
	CAO B H, CAI C J. Study on the after-ripening physiology and endogenous hormones of Ginkgo biloba seeds[J]. Sci Silvae Sin, 2006, 42(2):32-37.
[30]	万雅雯, 傅华君, 时培建, 等. 变温对毛竹种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2021, 45(4):97-106.
	WAN Y W, FU H J, SHI P J, et al. Effects of variable temperatures on seed germination and seedling growth of Phyllostachys edulis[J]. J Nanjing For Univ (Nat Sci Ed), 2021, 45(4):97-106.DOI:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202002004.
[31]	毛俊彪, 黄良江. 筇竹实生苗培育技术[J]. 世界竹藤通讯, 2006, 4(1):29-30.
	MAO J B, HUANG L J. Cultivation technology of Qiongzhuea tumidinoda Hsueh et Yi seedling[J]. World Bamboo Rattan, 2006, 4(1):29-30.DOI:10.13640/j.cnki.wbr.2006.01.008.

果实长度/mm fruit length	果皮厚度/μm peel thickness	果实长度/mm fruit length	果皮厚度/μm peel thickness
3	276.58±21.3	8	874.47±25.3
4	552.67±18.4	9	1 039.30±24.3
5	690.86±25.0	10	1 162.23±28.2
6	782.35±22.5	11	1 553.53±27.4
7	819.97±22.8	12	2 094.1±32.5

金佛山方竹果实发育特征及淀粉粒动态变化

Study on development characteristics and dynamic changes of starch granules in the fruit of Chimonobambusa utilis

RichHTML

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 7

参考文献 31

相关文章 2

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

作者

读者

审稿

[1]	苏小飞, 童佳鸣, 李铭, 王福升, 刘国华. 竹龄对金佛山方竹形态可塑性的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2020, 44(4): 86-92.
[2]	张雨峰, 代丽, 谢寅峰, 马迎莉, 汤文华, 袁婷婷. 不同海拔金佛山方竹出笋及幼竹生长特性[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2019, 43(5): 199-203.