金佛山方竹果实发育特征及淀粉粒动态变化

伍虹雨; 林树燕; 丁雨龙; 张玉; 杨露; 秦敏; 蔡鸥

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202206042

金佛山方竹果实发育特征及淀粉粒动态变化

伍虹雨, 林树燕, 丁雨龙, 张玉, 杨露, 秦敏, 蔡鸥

南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (6) : 150-158.

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (6) : 150-158. DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202206042

研究论文

金佛山方竹果实发育特征及淀粉粒动态变化

伍虹雨 ¹^,² ,
林树燕 ¹^,^* ,
丁雨龙 ¹ ,
张玉 ¹^,² ,
杨露 ¹^,² ,
秦敏 ¹^,² ,
蔡鸥 ¹^,²

作者信息 +

Study on development characteristics and dynamic changes of starch granules in the fruit of Chimonobambusa utilis

WU Hongyu ¹^,² ,
LIN Shuyan ¹^,^* ,
DING Yulong ¹ ,
ZHANG Yu ¹^,² ,
YANG Lu ¹^,² ,
QIN Min ¹^,² ,
CAI Ou ¹^,²

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

【目的】竹类植物开花结实周期长,因此竹子开花并不常见。研究并明确金佛山方竹(Chimonobambusa utilis)果实发育过程中胚、胚乳以及果皮的发育特性,以了解竹类植物浆果状颖果的发育过程,探究果实发育过程中淀粉粒的动态变化。【方法】以金佛山方竹盛花期至果实成熟阶段不同发育期的果实为试验材料,采用外观形态观察和石蜡制片技术对金佛山方竹果实的发育过程进行详细研究,利用石蜡制片、过碘酸-席夫反应与扫描电镜相结合的方法研究金佛山方竹果实发育过程中细胞内的淀粉粒动态变化,并根据内部胚乳形态判断金佛山方竹果实是否发育成熟。【结果】金佛山方竹种子胚和胚乳发育过程不同步,胚乳发育早于胚。当合子开始有丝分裂即第1次分裂时,胚乳中已有大量游离核。金佛山方竹胚的发育经过二细胞原胚、多细胞原胚、梨形原胚、分化胚,以及成熟胚阶段,可划分为原胚期、胚分化期和胚成熟期3个时期。果皮由表皮细胞和内部薄壁细胞组成,随着果实的纵向伸长,其厚度也逐渐增加。种皮由珠被发育而来,与果皮紧密结合。果实有后熟现象,采收后,胚囊中部中空,采后6~10 d,果实完成后熟,胚乳细胞逐渐充满胚囊,转为贮藏组织。淀粉粒数量在胚乳细胞中呈现由少至多的动态变化,而在果皮发育的整个过程中持续存在,分布于薄壁细胞中。【结论】金佛山方竹果实属于浆果状颖果,包括果皮、种皮、胚乳及胚;胚和胚乳发育不同步,胚的发育过程分为3个阶段,胚乳发育类型为核型胚乳;果实采摘后有约7 d的后熟期,淀粉粒分布于果皮薄壁细胞和成熟胚乳细胞中。

Abstract

【Objective】Bamboo plants have a long flowering and fruiting cycle, making it tough to notice bamboo flowering. This study aimed to elucidate the developmental characteristics of the embryo, endosperm and pericarp of Chimonobambusa utilis during fruit development, thereby supplementing the development process of bamboo berry-like caryopses, and revealing the dynamics of starch granules during fruit development.【Method】The fruits of C. utilis at different developmental stages were selected as samples, and their developmental process was studied by appearance observation and paraffin sectioning. Dynamic changes in the distribution of starch granules in cells during fruit growth were assessed by paraffin sectioning, PAS(schiff periodic acid shiff) staining, and scanning electron microscopy. The internal endosperm morphology was used to determine whether C. utilis was mature. 【Result】Non-synchronized development of the embryo and endosperm in C. utilis fruits and endosperm development occurs earlier than embryo development. When mitosis begins in the zygote, the embryo sac contains numerous free nuclei in the endosperm. Development of C. utilis goes through a two-cell proembryo, multicellular proembryo, pear-shaped proembryo, differentiated embryo, and mature embryo stages, which can be divided further into three stages: proembryonic, embryo differentiation, and embryo maturation. The pericarp comprises epidermal and inner parenchyma cells and its thickness gradually increases with the longitudinal elongation of the fruit. The seed coat develops from the integument and is tightly combined with the pericarp. The fruits of C. utilis were characterized post-ripening. The middle portion of the embryonic sac was hollow after harvesting. After 6-10 days, the fruit matured, and the endosperm cells gradually filled the entire embryo sac and turned into storage tissue. The number of starch granules varied dynamically in the endosperm cells, with a change from low to high, while they persisted throughout the development of the pericarp and were distributed in the parenchyma cells. 【Conclusion】C. utilis fruits, including the pericarp, seed coat, endosperm, and embryo, are of the berry-like caryopsis type. Embryo and endosperm development are not synchronous, and embryo development is divided into three stages. The development of endosperms is of the nuclear type. The fruit has a post-ripening period of approximately seven days after picking, and starch granules are distributed in the parenchyma cells of the pericarp and mature endosperm cells.

导出引用

伍虹雨, 林树燕, 丁雨龙, 等. 金佛山方竹果实发育特征及淀粉粒动态变化[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）. 2023, 47(6): 150-158 https://doi.org/10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202206042

WU Hongyu, LIN Shuyan, DING Yulong, et al. Study on development characteristics and dynamic changes of starch granules in the fruit of Chimonobambusa utilis[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY. 2023, 47(6): 150-158 https://doi.org/10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202206042

中图分类号： S718

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