【目的】以有限元分析寻求假山山体主要损伤的详细定位,为中国园林假山结构性保护研究提供新的视角。进一步推动假山定量研究及科学保护的发展,从而提升中国古典园林假山遗产保护手段的科学性和精确性。【方法】在三维激光扫描技术基础上,提出两种针对假山类复杂模型的建模方式。以有限元为假山遗产保护研究切入点,以整体假山作为研究对象,应用两种假山力学模型进行数值模拟。【结果】分别对四大名石及何园黄石假山作数值模拟分析,得出四大名石和黄石假山主应力、剪切应力及应变云图,明确最大值及其具体位置,进一步确定假山遗产结构受力薄弱点和重点监测区域。【结论】此方法对于假山这一复杂形体造园要素的预防性保护具有重要意义,可将尚未出现明显结构破坏的假山纳入监测保护体系中。

【Objective】This study provides a new perspective on the research of structural protection for Chinese garden rockeries, utilizing the finite element method as a research tool. It aims to determine the primary damage locations within rockeries. This research further advances the methods and technologies for quantitative analysis and scientific preservation of rockeries, enhancing the scientific rigor and precision of rockery heritage protection methods in Chinese classical gardens.【Method】Based on a three-dimensional laser scanning technology, this study proposes two modeling methods for complex structures such as rockeries. Starting with finite elements in the rockery heritage protection research and considering the entire rockery as the research object, two types of mechanical models of rockeries are developed for numerical simulation.【result】An numerical simulation analysis is conducted on the four famous stones and the Heyuan Huangshi rockery, resulting in the main stress cloud map, shear stress cloud map, and strain cloud map for these elements. This analysis clarified the maximum values and their precise locations, further identifying the stress vulnerabilities and critical monitoring areas within the rockery heritage structure.【Conclusion】This method provides significant value for the preventive protection of rockeries, a complex gardening element. The monitoring and protection system should not exclude rockeries without apparent structural damage.