非农就业对农户生活污水排放行为的影响研究

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202208049

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (5): 245-254.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202208049

非农就业对农户生活污水排放行为的影响研究

鞠海琴(), 张红霄^*(), 陈甲, 吉星

南京林业大学经济管理学院,江苏南京 210037

收稿日期:2022-08-20 修回日期:2022-09-27 出版日期:2023-09-30 发布日期:2023-10-10
作者简介:鞠海琴(juhaiqin@njfu.edu.cn)。
基金资助:
江苏省高校哲学社会科学研究项目(2021SJA0936);江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划(SJKY19-0903)

Research on the influence of non-agricultural employment on farmers’ domestic sewage discharge

JU Haiqin(), ZHANG Hongxiao^*(), CHEN Jia, JI Xing

College of Economics and Management, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China

Received:2022-08-20 Revised:2022-09-27 Online:2023-09-30 Published:2023-10-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】发挥农户的主体参与是实现农村污水治理目标的关键。在农村大量劳动力向非农产业转移的时代背景下,研究非农就业农户的污水排放行为对推进农村生活污水治理具有重要意义。【方法】以江苏省2 330户农户为研究对象,构建“非农就业-资本禀赋-农户污水排放行为”的理论分析框架,运用条件混合过程估计法(CMP方法)以及中介效应模型实证分析非农就业对农户污水排放行为的作用机理。【结果】考虑到可能的内生性问题发现非农就业能显著促进农户污水排放治理行为的采纳,其中对于随意排放污水行为的抑制作用较为明显。各维度的资本禀赋在非农就业对农户污水排放行为影响中具有显著的中介作用,证实了资本禀赋在引导规范非农就业农户污水排放行为中较为重要。【结论】引导非农就业的家庭参与村庄的污水治理,并通过开展村庄集体活动,提供污水治理教育培训,加强村庄基础设施建设,拓宽农户的收入来源,从而引导规范农户的污水排放行为。

关键词: 非农就业, 农户生活污水, 排污行为, 资本禀赋, 中介效应模型

Abstract:

【Objective】The key point to achieve the goal of rural sewage treatment is emphasizing farmers’ participation. It is of great significance to study the sewage discharge behavior of non-agricultural employment farmers for promoting rural domestic sewage treatment under the background of the transfer of a large number of rural labor force to non-agricultural industries. 【Method】Taking 2 330 farmers from the Jiangsu Province as research subjects, the theoretical analysis framework of “non-agricultural employment-capital endowment-farmers’ sewage discharge behavior” was constructed. Then, the conditional mixed process estimation method (CMP method) and mediation effect model were used to empirically analyze the mechanisms of non-agricultural employment on farmers’ sewage discharge behavior. 【Result】After considering the possible endogeneity problem, it was found that non-agricultural employment can significantly enhance the adoption of farmers’ sewage discharge behavior, and had a obvious inhibitory effect on random discharge. Additionally, various forms of capital endowment had a significant mediating role in the impact of non-agricultural employment on sewage discharge behavior, which confirms the importance of capital endowment in guiding and regulating the sewage discharge behavior of non-agricultural employment farmers. 【Conclusion】Guiding non-agricultural employment households to participate in the sewage treatment of villages is beneficial for rural sewage treatment. The goal of guiding and regulating the sewage discharge behavior of farmers can be achieved through village collective activities, providing sewage treatment education and training, broadening the income sources of farmers.

Key words: non-agricultural employment, farmers’ domestic sewage, sewage discharge behavior, capital endowment, mediating effect model

中图分类号:

F323.3

鞠海琴,张红霄,陈甲,等. 非农就业对农户生活污水排放行为的影响研究[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2023, 47(5): 245-254.

JU Haiqin, ZHANG Hongxiao, CHEN Jia, JI Xing. Research on the influence of non-agricultural employment on farmers’ domestic sewage discharge[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2023, 47(5): 245-254.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202208049.

图/表 6

表1

变量描述性统计"

变量类别 variable type	变量名称 variable name		定义与赋值 definition and assignment	平均值 mean	标准差 SD
因变量 dependent variable		生活污水排放行为	家庭日常生活污水怎样排出去 (随意排放=0,排放至下水道=1, 污水收集桶收集=2)	0.899	0.389
自变量 independent variable		家庭非农就业比例	家庭非农劳动力人数除以家庭总劳动力人数	0.412	0.292
中介变量 intermediary variable		平均受教育程度	家庭成员平均受教育年限/a	8.651	2.288
	人力资本	劳动力人数	家庭中劳动力数量/人	3.742	1.433
		人力资本综合值	运用熵值法计算综合值	0.135	0.160
		人情往来支出占比	家庭用于人情往来的开支/家庭全年总收入	0.370	1.941
	社会资本	政治身份	家中是否有人是村干部或党员(是=1,否=0)	0.350	0.477
		社会资本综合值	运用熵值法计算综合值	0.121	0.160
		家庭收入	家庭全年总收入/万元	10.789	11.369
	金融资本	存款	家庭2019年末存款总额/万元	6.861	16.927
	金融资本	金融资本综合值	运用熵值法计算综合值	0.141	0.161
	物质资本	厕所类型	家庭日常厕所类型(水冲式卫生厕所=1, 水冲式非卫生厕所=2,卫生旱厕=3, 普通旱厕=4,无厕所=5)	1.374	0.867
		住房条件	家庭住房是否存在以下缺陷(没有=0, 漏风漏雨=1,墙体裂缝=2,门窗破损=3)	0.414	0.816
		物质资本综合值	运用熵值法计算综合值	0.144	0.161
控制变量 control variable		女性比例	女性人数/家庭总人口数	0.485	0.160
		平均年龄	家庭成员平均年龄/岁	48.855	12.678
		常住人口数	家庭成员中全年居住6个月及以上的人数	3.263	1.667
		环境感知	所在地区的人居环境(无污染=1, 轻微污染=2,中等污染=3,严重污染=4)	1.397	0.550
		政策了解度	是否了解农村人居环境整治(没有听说过=1, 听说过,不太清楚=2,知道一点=3, 比较了解=4,非常了解=5)	2.838	1.244
		政府宣传	政府是否对农村人居环境整治进行宣传(是=1,否=0)	0.826	0.379
		奖惩措施	关于农村人居环境整治,政府是否实施了奖惩措施(是=1,否=0)	0.193	0.395
地区虚拟变量 (对照组为苏北) regional virtual variable (northern Jiangsu Province in the control group)		苏南	苏南=1,其他=0	0.329	0.470
		苏中	苏中=1,其他=0	0.306	0.461

表1

表2

表3

表4

表5

表6

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地区 area	样本市 sample city	样本量 sample size	占比/% ratio	非农就业家庭的劳动力占比/% labour ratio of non- agricultural employment households	采纳生活污水治理行为的农户占比/% ratio of farmers adopting domestic sewage treatment behavior
苏南southern Jiangsu	南京市、苏州市、无锡市、常州市、镇江市	767	33	45	48
苏中middle Jiangsu	徐州市、连云港市、宿迁市、淮安市、盐城市	713	30	41	46
苏北northern Jiangsu	扬州市、泰州市、南通市	850	37	37	40

变量名称 variable name	Oprobit模型 Oprobit model			排污行为的边际效应 marginal effect of pollutant discharge behavior
变量名称 variable name	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)
家庭非农就业比例 ratio of household non-farm employment	0.301^***	0.437^***	0.251^**	-0.051^**	0.034^**	0.017^**
家庭非农就业比例 ratio of household non-farm employment	(0.100)	(0.105)	(0.107)	(0.022)	(0.015)	(0.007)
女性比例 female ratio		0.352^*	0.284	-0.057	0.038	0.019
女性比例 female ratio		(0.186)	(0.190)	(0.038)	(0.026)	(0.013)
平均年龄 average age		0.009^***	0.004	-0.001	0.001	0.000
平均年龄 average age		(0.003)	(0.003)	(0.001)	(0.000)	(0.000)
常住人口数 resident population		0.028	0.015	-0.003	0.002	0.001
常住人口数 resident population		(0.018)	(0.019)	(0.004)	(0.002)	(0.001)
环境感知 environmental perception			-0.055	0.011	-0.007	-0.004
环境感知 environmental perception			(0.056)	(0.011)	(0.007)	(0.004)
政策了解度 policy understanding			0.076^***	-0.015^***	0.010^***	0.005^***
政策了解度 policy understanding			(0.025)	(0.005)	(0.003)	(0.002)
政府宣传 government publicity			0.315^***	-0.064^***	0.042^***	0.021^***
政府宣传 government publicity			(0.083)	(0.016)	(0.011)	(0.006)
奖惩措施 reward and punishment measures			0.025	-0.005	0.003	0.002
奖惩措施 reward and punishment measures			(0.080)	(0.016)	(0.011)	(0.005)
苏南 southern Jiangsu			0.497^***	-0.100^***	0.066^***	0.033^***
苏南 southern Jiangsu			(0.073)	(0.015)	(0.012)	(0.005)
苏中 middle Jiangsu			0.345^***	-0.070^***	0.046^***	0.024^***
苏中 middle Jiangsu			(0.078)	(0.016)	(0.011)	(0.006)

变量名称 variable name	Oprobit	IV-Oprobit
变量名称 variable name	Oprobit	第1阶段 first stage	第2阶段 second stage
家庭非农就业比例 household non-agricultural employment ratio	0.251^**		1.452^***
家庭非农就业比例 household non-agricultural employment ratio	(0.107)		(0.438)
村庄非农就业比例 village non-agricultural employment ratio		0.884^***
村庄非农就业比例 village non-agricultural employment ratio		(0.080)
控制变量 control variable	已控制	已控制	已控制
地区虚拟变量 regional virtual variable	已控制	已控制	已控制
内生性检验参数 atanhrho_12 endogeneity test parameters atnhrho_12		-0.340^***
内生性检验参数 atanhrho_12 endogeneity test parameters atnhrho_12		(0.131)
R²	0.047
χ²			909.93^***

变量名称 variable name	OLS				IV-Oprobit
变量名称 variable name	(7)	(9)	(11)	(13)	(8)	(10)	(12)	(14)
家庭非农就业比例ratio of household non-agricultural employment	0.022^*	0.024^*	0.024^*	0.025^*	1.433^***	1.433^***	1.429^***	1.429^***
家庭非农就业比例ratio of household non-agricultural employment	(0.012)	(0.012)	(0.013)	(0.013)	(0.440)	(0.440)	(0.441)	(0.441)
人力资本human capital					0.311^*
人力资本human capital					(0.185)
社会资本social capital						0.306^*
社会资本social capital						(0.184)
金融资本finacial capital							0.315^*
金融资本finacial capital							(0.183)
物质资本material capital								0.317^*
物质资本material capital								(0.183)
控制变量control variable	已控制	已控制	已控制	已控制	已控制	已控制	已控制	已控制
地区虚拟变量regional virtual variable	已控制	已控制	已控制	已控制	已控制	已控制	已控制	已控制
χ²					910.52^***	910.46^***	910.26^***	910.25^***
R²	0.084	0.082	0.088	0.088

变量名称 variable name	模型 model
变量名称 variable name	(15)	(16)
家庭非农就业比例 ratio of household non-agricultural employment	0.387^***
家庭非农就业比例 ratio of household non-agricultural employment	(0.129)
家庭非农收入占比 ratio of household non-agricultural income		0.176^**
家庭非农收入占比 ratio of household non-agricultural income		(0.090)
女性比例 female ratio	0.347	0.301
女性比例 female ratio	(0.221)	(0.188)
平均年龄 average age	0.002	0.006^**
平均年龄 average age	0.003)	(0.003)
常住人口数 resident population	0.052^**	0.013
常住人口数 resident population	(0.024)	(0.019)
环境感知 environmental perception	-0.103^*	-0.059
环境感知 environmental perception	(0.062)	(0.055)
政策了解度 policy understanding	0.094^***	0.071^***
政策了解度 policy understanding	(0.030)	(0.025)
政府宣传 government publicity	0.351^***	0.332^***
政府宣传 government publicity	(0.089)	(0.082)
奖惩措施 reward and punishment measures	-0.013	0.058
奖惩措施 reward and punishment measures	(0.093)	(0.079)
地区虚拟变量 regional virtual variable	已控制	已控制
R²	0.095	0.035

非农就业对农户生活污水排放行为的影响研究

Research on the influence of non-agricultural employment on farmers’ domestic sewage discharge

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