石膏改良盐碱土研究进展

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202209047

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (2): 1-8.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202209047

• 特邀专论（执行主编张金池） • 上一篇下一篇

石膏改良盐碱土研究进展

金明姬¹(), 周妍宏¹^,²(), 文波龙², 刘亮³, 刘宏远²^,^*()

1.延边大学农学院,吉林延边 133002
2.中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,湿地生态与环境重点实验室,吉林长春 130102
3.南京林业大学林学院,南方现代林业协同创新中心,江苏省水土保持与生态修复重点实验室,江苏南京 210037

收稿日期:2022-09-22 修回日期:2022-12-09 出版日期:2023-03-30 发布日期:2023-03-28
通讯作者: * 刘宏远(liuhongyuan@iga.ac.cn),助理研究员。
基金资助:
黑土地保护与利用科技创新工程专项(XDA28110400);国家自然科学基金项目(41971140);联合国粮农组织(FAO)/全球环境基金(GEF)项目(GCP/CPR/048/GEF)

Progresses of gypsums for the improvement of saline-alkaline soil

JIN Mingji¹(), ZHOU Yanhong¹^,²(), WEN Bolong², LIU Liang³, LIU Hongyuan²^,^*()

1. College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanbian 133002, China
2. Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
3. Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China

Received:2022-09-22 Revised:2022-12-09 Online:2023-03-30 Published:2023-03-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

盐碱土因其瘦、板、生、冷、咸等作物生长障碍性特征而不宜耕种,但“端牢中国饭碗”的国家粮食安全战略则要求必须加大力度“向盐碱地要粮”。实践证明,施用天然或工业副产品石膏可有效改善盐碱土性状,从而提高盐碱地生产力。本研究梳理100多年来国内外相关研究进展,总结了现有石膏改良盐碱土的研究成果,拟为石膏改良盐碱土技术体系的完善和全面推广提供理论依据。分析认为,1895年以来开展的大量研究揭示了石膏改良盐碱土以交换过程和固持过程为主的作用机理;建立了多类石膏改良盐碱土适宜施用量计算公式,表明土壤容重、改土层厚度、土壤碱化度和土壤阳离子交换量等是影响石膏适宜施用量的代表性因素;制定了基于土壤盐碱化程度的石膏施用方法,明确了石膏施用对土壤理化生等方面的有益效果。目前,施用石膏改良盐碱土需配套灌溉措施,定额一般为每666.67 m²施用150~200 m³水,最适方式为喷灌或滴灌等持续性灌溉,不同盐碱度土壤及作物特性需要不同的施用量和施用方法及配套灌溉方法。现有的研究和实践成果为盐碱地高效利用提供了有力支撑,但仍需进一步融合统一适宜施用量计算公式,建立跨区域、适用于多种场景的计算方法;深入研究被动引入元素的生物地球化学过程,并揭示土壤生态系统的响应机制;提高对施用石膏带来的生态环境风险的监测水平,开展长期动态的定量评估。

关键词: 盐碱土改良, 石膏, 适宜施用量, 施用方法, 改良效果

Abstract:

Saline-alkaline soil is not suitable for farming because of its low fertility, consolidation, poor biological activity, low temperature, high salt content and other obstacles. However, the national food security strategy of “Secure the rice bowl in China” requires more efforts to “ask for grains from saline-alkaline land”. Practical experiences have proved that the application of natural or industrial by-product gypsum can effectively improve the properties of saline-alkaline soil, thus increasing the productivity of saline-alkaline land.This study compares the progress of related research at home and abroad for more than 100 years, reviews and summarizes the existing research results of gypsum improvement of saline-alkaline soil, and intends to providea theoretical basis for the improvement and comprehensive promotion of the gypsum improvement technology system. It is intended to provide a theoretical basis for the improvement and comprehensive promotion of the gypsum technology system for improving saline-alkaline soil.The analysis suggests that numerous studies conducted since 1895 have revealed the mechanisms based on the cation exchange process and immobilization process, established several formulas for calculating the suitable application amount, shown that soil bulk density, thickness of soil modification layer, exchangeable sodium percentage and soil cation exchange capacity are representative factors influencing the appropriate amount of gypsum application, and the method of gypsum application based on the degree of saline-alkaline soil was developed. The beneficial effects of gypsum application on soil physical and chemical biology were clarified. At present, the application of gypsum to improve saline-alkaline soil needs to be accompanied by irrigation measures, and the quota is generally 150-200 m³ of gypsum per 666.67 m². The best method is the continuous irrigation such as sprinkler irrigation or drip irrigation, and different saline-alkaline soil and crop characteristics require different application amounts and irrigation methods. The existing research and practical results provide strong support for the efficient use of saline-alkaline soil. However, there is still a need to further integrate and unify the appropriate application formula. The calculation formula of suitable application amounts should be further integrated and unified, and the calculation method should be established across regions and applicable to various scenarios. The biogeochemical processes of passively introduced elements should be studied in depth, and the response mechanism of soil ecosystem should be revealed; the monitoring level of ecological and environmental risks brought by gypsum application should be improved, and the long-term dynamic quantitative assessment should be carried out.

Key words: saline-alkaline soil, gypsum, suitable application amount, application method, improvement effect

中图分类号:

S156.4

金明姬,周妍宏,文波龙,等. 石膏改良盐碱土研究进展[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2023, 47(2): 1-8.

JIN Mingji, ZHOU Yanhong, WEN Bolong, LIU Liang, LIU Hongyuan. Progresses of gypsums for the improvement of saline-alkaline soil[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2023, 47(2): 1-8.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202209047.

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石膏种类 gypsum category	重要成分占比/% proportion of important components							pH	电导率/ (mS·cm^-1) electrical conductivity	SOC 质量分数/ % SCO content	有效养分含量/(mg·kg^-1) nutrient content
石膏种类 gypsum category	CaSO₄· 2H₂O	CaO	SO₂	Al₂O₃	SiO₂	Fe₂O₃	MgO	pH	电导率/ (mS·cm^-1) electrical conductivity	SOC 质量分数/ % SCO content	AN	AP	AK
天然石膏natural gypsum	≥79	32.50	36.72	0.97	3.37	0.58	1.64	6.5~7.0	7.50	—	—	—	—
磷石膏phosphogypsum	≥90	33.04	43.38	0.18	9.45	0.04	0.40	1.5~4.5	1.56	2.67	0.02	6.24	1.86
脱硫石膏 flue gas desulfurization gypsum	≥93	30.89	43.62	0.86	2.15	0.29	0.04	5.0~9.0	2.60	0.16	14.20	0.00	14.15

编号 No.	计算公式 calculation equation	适宜施用量/(t·hm^-2) suitable application amount	参考文献号 reference No.
1	G_R=0.086×E_Na×D×H	10.17	[23]
2	G_R=0.086×(E_Na-K×E_Na)×D×H×α	13.73	[24] [25]
3	G_R=0.086×W_CEC×(W_ESP-W_ESPf)×D×H×F	9.13	[26] [27] [28]
4	G_R=(0.086×E_Na+0.172×X+0.086×Y)×D×H/η	23.91	[29]
5	G_R=0.015×(5.738×W_CEC×(W_ESP- W_ESPf)+5.736×W_ZEP-1.881)×D×H/(R×η)	28.62	[19]
6	G_R=(87.28×W_ESP +4.412)×D×H/η 仅适用于内蒙古、宁夏、吉林等典型盐碱地分布区	12.33	[19]

石膏改良盐碱土研究进展

Progresses of gypsums for the improvement of saline-alkaline soil

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