模拟氮沉降对杨树人工林土壤跳虫群落的影响

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202209066

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (4): 243-253.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202209066

模拟氮沉降对杨树人工林土壤跳虫群落的影响

王梓萌¹(), 阮宏华¹^,^*(), 吴小巧², 杨艳², 谢友超², 沈彩芹³, 丁学农³, 曹国华³

1.南京林业大学生态与环境学院, 南方现代林业协同创新中心, 江苏南京 210037
2.江苏省林业局,江苏南京 210036
3.江苏省东台林场,江苏东台 224200

收稿日期:2022-09-29 修回日期:2023-04-15 出版日期:2024-07-30 发布日期:2024-08-05
通讯作者: *阮宏华(hhruan@njfu.edu.cn),教授。
作者简介:
王梓萌(799733209@qq.com)。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(32071594);国家重点研发计划(2021YFD2200403);江苏省林业局揭榜挂帅项目(LYKJ【2022】01);江苏省林业局造林专项项目(【2021-2022】)

Effects of nitrogen addition on soil springtail(Collembolan) community in a poplar plantation

WANG Zimeng¹(), RUAN Honghua¹^,^*(), WU Xiaoqiao², YANG Yan², XIE Youchao², SHEN Caiqin³, DING Xuenong³, CAO Guohua³

1. Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
2. Forestry Bureau of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210036, China
3. Dongtai State Forest Farm of Jiangsu Province, Dongtai 224200, China

Received:2022-09-29 Revised:2023-04-15 Online:2024-07-30 Published:2024-08-05

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】土壤跳虫(弹尾纲物种)在调节土壤生态系统功能方面发挥着重要作用。本研究旨在了解添加氮对杨树人工林土壤跳虫群落结构的影响,为进一步明晰人工林生态系统土壤动物群落对未来大气氮沉降的响应与适应机制提供理论参考。【方法】在江苏省东台林场的杨树人工林中建立样地,通过人工林施氮肥的方式模拟大气氮沉降,设置N₀(对照,不施氮肥)和3个模拟氮沉降处理,施氮水平分别为N₅[5 g/(m²·a)]、N₁₅[15 g/(m²·a)]、N₃₀[30 g/(m²·a)],每个施氮水平设置4个重复,共16块样地。于2021—2022年的春季(4月)、夏季(7月)、秋季(10月)和冬季(1月),用取样框采集凋落物层土壤跳虫,后采用不同直径的土钻分3层,即采集[0,10)、[10,25)、[25,40) cm土壤层跳虫和土壤样品。样品带回实验室后用干漏斗法(Tullgren法)收集跳虫并分析土壤理化性质,最后用SPSS 26和Canoco 5.0进行统计分析。【结果】研究共捕获跳虫1 446只,隶属于4目7科18属,优势种群分属等节跳属(Isotoma)、鳞跳属(Toocerus)、长跳属(Entomobrya)和小等跳属(Isotomiella),4属共占总个体数的66.87%。土壤跳虫的个体数在N₁₅处理时显著增加,N₃₀处理时则减少;不同层次中,凋落物层的跳虫个体数显著高于土壤层;在不同季节,跳虫的个体数总体从大到小呈现为秋>夏>春>冬。土壤跳虫Shannon-Wiener多样性指数在N₁₅处理最高,Pielou均匀度指数基本在N₃₀处理最高。RDA分析表明,土壤pH、硝态氮含量和碳氮比是影响土壤跳虫分布的主要环境因子。【结论】氮沉降会显著影响土壤跳虫的群落组成结构,并表现出一定的季节差异;适度的氮添加能增加跳虫的个体数和多样性,而过量的氮添加则导致跳虫个体数减少。

关键词: 杨树, 人工林, 氮添加, 土壤动物, 弹尾纲, 群落结构, 群落多样性

Abstract:

【Objective】Springtail(Collembolan species), as a kind of microarthropods widely distributed in soils, plays an important role in regulating the functions of soil ecosystems. However, the effects of nitrogen deposition on springtail communities in soils are poorly understood. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of nitrogen addition on springtail communities in soils by simulating nitrogen deposition for 10 years in a poplar plantation in Dongtai Forest Farm, Jiangsu Province.【Method】Four experimental treatments with different concentrations of nitrogen addition, i.e., the control (N₀,No nitrogen addition), N₅[5 g/(m²·a)], N₁₅[15 g/(m²·a)], and N₃₀[30 g/(m²·a)], were established in May 2012, respectively. A total of four replicate plots were prepared for each treatment, thus accounting for a total of 16 sample plots. The springtail communities in the litter and soil layers were analyzed in July 2021, October 2021, January 2022, and April 2022. The springtails in the litter layer were collected using a collection frame. Springtail samples were collected using soil drills with different diameters from the three soil layer at depths of 0 (floormas), 10 and 25 cm, respectively. Following transportation to the laboratory, the springtails were collected according to the Tullgren method, and the physical and chemical properties of the soil were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26 and Canoco 5.0.【Result】A total of 1 446 springtails, belonging to 4 Orders, 7 Families, and 18 Genera, were collected in this study. Of these, the Isoma, Toocerus, Entomobrya and Folsomia genera were the most abundant and accounted for 66.87% of the total number of individuals. The number of springtails in the soil increased significantly at a nitrogen concentration of 15 g/(m²·a), but decreased at a concentration of 30 g/(m²·a). The number of springtails in litter layer was significantly higher than that in the soil layer. The number of individuals varied across the seasons, in the following order: October (autumn) > July (summer) > April (spring) > January (winter). The Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Simpson dominance index were highest in the 15 g/(m²·a) treatment group, whereas the Pielou evenness index was highest for the 30 g/(m²·a) treatment group. The results of RDA analysis demonstrated that the pH, nitrate nitrogen content, and the C/N were the primary environmental factors that affected the distribution of springtails in the soil, and that different springtail populations responded differently to the environmental factors.【Conclusion】The results demonstrated that nitrogen deposition affected the composition of the springtail community in the soil. The findings further revealed that the application of nitrogen within a moderate concentration might increase the number and diversity of springtails; however, the excessive addition of nitrogen may reduce the number of springtails, thus indicating a threshold effect.

Key words: poplar, plantation, nitrogen addition, soil fauna, Collembola, community structure, community diversity

中图分类号:

S718.5

王梓萌,阮宏华,吴小巧,等. 模拟氮沉降对杨树人工林土壤跳虫群落的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2024, 48(4): 243-253.

WANG Zimeng, RUAN Honghua, WU Xiaoqiao, YANG Yan, XIE Youchao, SHEN Caiqin, DING Xuenong, CAO Guohua. Effects of nitrogen addition on soil springtail(Collembolan) community in a poplar plantation[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2024, 48(4): 243-253.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202209066.

图/表 9

表1

表2

表3

图1

图2

图3

图4

表4

杨树林地土壤跳虫群落与土壤主要理化性质相关系数"

项目	个体数 individuals	Shannon- Wiener 多样性指数(H')	Simpson 优势度指数(D)	Pielou 均匀度指数(J)
含水率 WC	-0.350	0.066	0.126	0.120
pH	-0.626^**	0.003	-0.108^*	0.478
可溶性有机碳含量 DOC	-0.029	-0.070	-0.050	0.157
全氮含量 TN	-0.053	-0.048	-0.040	0.023
有机碳含量 SOC	-0.169	-0.498^*	-0.555^*	-0.408
碳氮比 C/N	-0.081	-0.342	-0.407^*	-0.386
铵态氮含量 $N H 4 +$ -N	0.347	-0.083	-0.133	-0.383
硝态氮含量 $N O 3 -$ -N	0.628^**	0.572^*	0.590^*	0.449

表4

图5

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氮沉降水平 N deposition level	平均胸径/cm averge diameter at breast height	平均树高/m average tree height	林冠郁闭度/% canopy closure
N₀	22.37±3.62	21.48±2.05	65
N₅	23.82±2.85	21.55±1.55	70
N₁₅	24.71±3.48	21.18±1.56	85
N₃₀	25.55±2.86	21.38±1.57	60

属群 genera group	各添加氮处理下样地跳虫数量 the number of springtail under different N deposition levels				合计 total
属群 genera group	N₀	N₅	N₁₅	N₃₀	合计 total
等节跳属 Isotoma	109⁺⁺⁺	100⁺⁺⁺	168⁺⁺⁺	63⁺⁺⁺	440⁺⁺⁺
鳞跳属 Toocerus	41⁺⁺⁺	36⁺⁺⁺	96⁺⁺⁺	27⁺⁺⁺	200⁺⁺⁺
长跳属 Entomobrya	33⁺⁺⁺	29⁺⁺⁺	92⁺⁺⁺	27⁺⁺⁺	181⁺⁺⁺
小等跳属 Isotomiella	28⁺⁺	23⁺⁺	76⁺⁺⁺	19⁺⁺	146⁺⁺⁺
裔符跳属 Folsomides	26⁺⁺	34⁺⁺⁺	63⁺⁺	18⁺⁺	141⁺⁺
疣跳属 Neanura	22⁺⁺	20⁺⁺	31⁺⁺	18⁺⁺	91⁺⁺
球角跳属 Hypogastrura	9⁺⁺	13⁺⁺	17⁺⁺	9⁺⁺	48⁺⁺
奇跳属 Xenylla	10⁺⁺	8⁺⁺	19⁺⁺	8⁺⁺	45⁺⁺
德跳属 Desoria	10⁺⁺	4⁺⁺	19⁺⁺	5⁺⁺	38⁺⁺
小圆跳属 Sminthurinus	4⁺⁺	6⁺⁺	20⁺⁺	6⁺⁺	36⁺⁺
符跳属 Folsomia	7⁺⁺	7⁺⁺	9⁺⁺	3⁺⁺	26⁺⁺
驼跳属 Cyphoderus	8⁺⁺	3⁺⁺	11⁺⁺	1⁺	23⁺⁺
原等跳属 Proisotoma	1⁺	1⁺	7⁺⁺	1⁺	10⁺
类符跳属 Folsomina	0	4⁺⁺	3⁺	0	7⁺
棘跳属 Onychiurus	3⁺	1⁺	0	2⁺	6⁺
齿棘圆跳属 Arrhopalites	3⁺	1⁺	1⁺	0	5⁺
裸长角跳属 Sinella	2⁺	0	0	0	2⁺
伪亚跳属 Pseudachorutes	0	0	1⁺	0	1⁺
总个体数 total number of individuals	316	290	633	207	1 446\
种群(属)总数 total number of groups(genera)	16	16	16	14	18

处理 treatment	Shannon-Wiener 多样性指数(H')	Simpson 优势度指数(D)	Pielou均匀度指数(J)
N₀	0.71±0.65 a	0.52±0.35 ab	0.91±0.10 ab
N₅	0.65±0.55 a	0.57±0.32 ab	0.90±0.16 a
N₁₅	0.97±0.61 b	0.60±0.27 b	0.91±0.07 ab
N₃₀	0.54±0.62 a	0.45±0.39 a	0.95±0.06 b

模拟氮沉降对杨树人工林土壤跳虫群落的影响

Effects of nitrogen addition on soil springtail(Collembolan) community in a poplar plantation

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