模拟氮沉降对杨树人工林土壤跳虫群落的影响

王梓萌; 阮宏华; 吴小巧; 杨艳; 谢友超; 沈彩芹; 丁学农; 曹国华

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202209066

王梓萌, 阮宏华, 吴小巧, 杨艳, 谢友超, 沈彩芹, 丁学农, 曹国华

南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (4) : 243-253.

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (4) : 243-253. DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202209066

研究论文

模拟氮沉降对杨树人工林土壤跳虫群落的影响

王梓萌 ¹ ,
阮宏华 ¹^,^* ,
吴小巧 ² ,
杨艳 ² ,
谢友超 ² ,
沈彩芹 ³ ,
丁学农 ³ ,
曹国华 ³

作者信息 +

Effects of nitrogen addition on soil springtail(Collembolan) community in a poplar plantation

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

【目的】土壤跳虫(弹尾纲物种)在调节土壤生态系统功能方面发挥着重要作用。本研究旨在了解添加氮对杨树人工林土壤跳虫群落结构的影响,为进一步明晰人工林生态系统土壤动物群落对未来大气氮沉降的响应与适应机制提供理论参考。【方法】在江苏省东台林场的杨树人工林中建立样地,通过人工林施氮肥的方式模拟大气氮沉降,设置N₀(对照,不施氮肥)和3个模拟氮沉降处理,施氮水平分别为N₅[5 g/(m²·a)]、N₁₅[15 g/(m²·a)]、N₃₀[30 g/(m²·a)],每个施氮水平设置4个重复,共16块样地。于2021—2022年的春季(4月)、夏季(7月)、秋季(10月)和冬季(1月),用取样框采集凋落物层土壤跳虫,后采用不同直径的土钻分3层,即采集[0,10)、[10,25)、[25,40) cm土壤层跳虫和土壤样品。样品带回实验室后用干漏斗法(Tullgren法)收集跳虫并分析土壤理化性质,最后用SPSS 26和Canoco 5.0进行统计分析。【结果】研究共捕获跳虫1 446只,隶属于4目7科18属,优势种群分属等节跳属(Isotoma)、鳞跳属(Toocerus)、长跳属(Entomobrya)和小等跳属(Isotomiella),4属共占总个体数的66.87%。土壤跳虫的个体数在N₁₅处理时显著增加,N₃₀处理时则减少;不同层次中,凋落物层的跳虫个体数显著高于土壤层;在不同季节,跳虫的个体数总体从大到小呈现为秋>夏>春>冬。土壤跳虫Shannon-Wiener多样性指数在N₁₅处理最高,Pielou均匀度指数基本在N₃₀处理最高。RDA分析表明,土壤pH、硝态氮含量和碳氮比是影响土壤跳虫分布的主要环境因子。【结论】氮沉降会显著影响土壤跳虫的群落组成结构,并表现出一定的季节差异;适度的氮添加能增加跳虫的个体数和多样性,而过量的氮添加则导致跳虫个体数减少。

Abstract

【Objective】Springtail(Collembolan species), as a kind of microarthropods widely distributed in soils, plays an important role in regulating the functions of soil ecosystems. However, the effects of nitrogen deposition on springtail communities in soils are poorly understood. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of nitrogen addition on springtail communities in soils by simulating nitrogen deposition for 10 years in a poplar plantation in Dongtai Forest Farm, Jiangsu Province.【Method】Four experimental treatments with different concentrations of nitrogen addition, i.e., the control (N₀,No nitrogen addition), N₅[5 g/(m²·a)], N₁₅[15 g/(m²·a)], and N₃₀[30 g/(m²·a)], were established in May 2012, respectively. A total of four replicate plots were prepared for each treatment, thus accounting for a total of 16 sample plots. The springtail communities in the litter and soil layers were analyzed in July 2021, October 2021, January 2022, and April 2022. The springtails in the litter layer were collected using a collection frame. Springtail samples were collected using soil drills with different diameters from the three soil layer at depths of 0 (floormas), 10 and 25 cm, respectively. Following transportation to the laboratory, the springtails were collected according to the Tullgren method, and the physical and chemical properties of the soil were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26 and Canoco 5.0.【Result】A total of 1 446 springtails, belonging to 4 Orders, 7 Families, and 18 Genera, were collected in this study. Of these, the Isoma, Toocerus, Entomobrya and Folsomia genera were the most abundant and accounted for 66.87% of the total number of individuals. The number of springtails in the soil increased significantly at a nitrogen concentration of 15 g/(m²·a), but decreased at a concentration of 30 g/(m²·a). The number of springtails in litter layer was significantly higher than that in the soil layer. The number of individuals varied across the seasons, in the following order: October (autumn) > July (summer) > April (spring) > January (winter). The Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Simpson dominance index were highest in the 15 g/(m²·a) treatment group, whereas the Pielou evenness index was highest for the 30 g/(m²·a) treatment group. The results of RDA analysis demonstrated that the pH, nitrate nitrogen content, and the C/N were the primary environmental factors that affected the distribution of springtails in the soil, and that different springtail populations responded differently to the environmental factors.【Conclusion】The results demonstrated that nitrogen deposition affected the composition of the springtail community in the soil. The findings further revealed that the application of nitrogen within a moderate concentration might increase the number and diversity of springtails; however, the excessive addition of nitrogen may reduce the number of springtails, thus indicating a threshold effect.

导出引用

王梓萌, 阮宏华, 吴小巧, 等. 模拟氮沉降对杨树人工林土壤跳虫群落的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）. 2024, 48(4): 243-253 https://doi.org/10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202209066

WANG Zimeng, RUAN Honghua, WU Xiaoqiao, et al. Effects of nitrogen addition on soil springtail(Collembolan) community in a poplar plantation[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY. 2024, 48(4): 243-253 https://doi.org/10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202209066

中图分类号： S718.5

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