【目的】对浙江绿葱湖湿地公园内人为活动干扰下小麂(Muntiacus reevesi)种群的活动节律和集群模式进行研究,为有蹄类动物的科学保护与管理提供依据。【方法】利用红外相机于2021年2月—2022年1月对该地区小麂种群开展连续监测,基于1 896张独立有效照片分析其日活动节律和集群模式。【结果】小麂的日活动节律存在季节性差异。其中,冬季与春季的日活动节律曲线重叠度(Δ)最低(Δ = 0.79,P <0.01),小麂在冬季傍晚的活动强度高并且峰值也明显提前。不同海拔梯度的小麂日活动节律也存在差异。其中,海拔[700,900)m与[1 100,1 300)m的日活动节律曲线重叠度最低(Δ = 0.76,P <0.01),海拔[700,900)m的小麂只有傍晚1个活动高峰。本次监测共发现7种集群模式,其中最高的为单只独居,占比达92.95%;其次是母仔群,占比3.47%;再次是1雌1雄群,占比2.37%;其余4种(双雌、双雄、1雄1幼、2雌1幼)少见的集群模式共占比1.21%。【结论】在浙江绿葱湖省级湿地公园内,小麂是以晨昏活动为主的昼行性动物,主要营独居生活。其日活动节律在不同季节、不同海拔梯度表现出明显的差异,可能主要受温度、食物资源、植被类型和人为干扰等因素影响。

【Objective】We aim to reveal the activity rhythms and clustering patterns of the Reeve’s muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi) population under anthropogenic disturbance in Lüconghu Provincial Wetland Park of Zhejiang Province, to provide a basis for the scientific conservation and management of ungulates.【Method】We used infrared camera trapping to monitor the population of M. reevesi from February 2021 to January 2022. The daily activity rhythm and group patterns were analyzed based on the data from 1 896 independent valid photos.【Result】 The daily activity rhythms of M. reevesi varied across seasons. The minimum area of the overlap of daily activity rhythm curves (DARCs) was observed between winter and spring (Δ = 0.79, P<0.01), with higher intensity and significantly earlier activity peaks detected in the dusk of winter. The daily activity rhythms of M. reevesi also differed along altitudinal gradients. The minimum area of the overlap of DARCs was found between 700-900 m and 1 100-1 300 m (Δ = 0.76, P <0.01), with only one peak of activity detected in the dusk at 700-900 m. Seven group patterns were identified. The solitary individual pattern had the highest proportion (92.95%), followed by the adult female with fawn group (3.47%) and one female and one male group (2.37%). The remaining four group patterns (two female, two male, one male with fawn, two female with fawn) only accounted for 1.21% of the valid detections in this study.【Conclusion】The M. reevesi in Lüconghu Provincial Wetland Park of Zhejiang Province, is a diurnal animal mainly active in the morning and dusk and is mainly solitary. Its daily activity rhythm showed significant differences in different seasons and altitude gradients, which may be mainly influenced by factors such as temperature, food resources, vegetation type, and human disturbance.