中国东部地区马尾松与黄山松群落分类及群落结构和物种多样性特征

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202210029

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (1): 47-58.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202210029

所属专题：森林生态系统生物多样性研究专题

• 专题报道Ⅱ:森林生态系统生物多样性研究专题(执行主编薛建辉方炎明) • 上一篇下一篇

中国东部地区马尾松与黄山松群落分类及群落结构和物种多样性特征

范明阳(), 胡萌, 杨园, 方炎明()

南京林业大学生命科学学院,南方现代林业协同创新中心,亚热带森林生物多样性保护国家林业和草原局重点实验室,江苏南京 210037

收稿日期:2022-10-23 修回日期:2023-01-25 出版日期:2024-01-30 发布日期:2024-01-24
通讯作者: 方炎明
基金资助:
国家科技基础资源调查专项(2019FY202300);江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划(KYCX22_1042)

Community classification, structures and species diversity characteristics of Pinus massoniana and P. hwangshanensis in the eastern China

FAN Mingyang(), HU Meng, YNAG Yuan, FANG Yanming()

College of Life Sciences, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China

Received:2022-10-23 Revised:2023-01-25 Online:2024-01-30 Published:2024-01-24
Contact: FANG Yanming

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】马尾松(Pinus massoniana)是中国亚热带地区主要的针叶树种,黄山松(P. hwangshanensis)是中国东部亚热带中山地区的主要建群种,两个物种在水平区域内分布基本重合,但垂直分布差异明显。深入了解马尾松林与黄山松林的分布格局,可以为科学管理保护马尾松和黄山松森林资源提供理论依据。【方法】基于中国亚热带东部地区8个典型马尾松林与黄山松林分布地域开展植被调查,采用非度量多维标度分析(NMDS)和多元回归树(nultivariate regression trees,MRT)探讨两种松林群落结构的差异及主要影响因子,采用线性混合效应模型定量分析各物种多样性指标对非生物因子的响应;在遵从《中国植被志》研编规范的基础上,对马尾松林与黄山松林进行初步的数量分类。【结果】马尾松群落与黄山松群落结构存在明显差异,主要影响因子为海拔;年均气温对两种群落物种丰富度影响显著,对两种群落总体物种丰富度影响最显著的因子是年均降水量,海拔对两种群落总体的均匀度产生显著的影响;对马尾松林与黄山松林进行初步植被分类,马尾松林被划分为6个群丛,黄山松林被划分为5个群丛。【结论】海拔变化塑造了中国东部地区马尾松林与黄山松林群落结构的差异,并直接或间接地影响两种群落的物种多样性。通过植被分类可以了解两种松林植被类型的多样化,并为后续两种松林分类后续工作提供参考。

关键词: 马尾松林, 黄山松林, 群落结构, 物种多样性, 植被分类, 中国东部地区

Abstract:

【Objective】 Pinus massoniana is the main coniferous tree species in subtropical China and P. hwangshanensis is the main constructive species in subtropical mid-montane region of the eastern China. Both species coexist at horizontal level but exhibit distinct vertical distributions. The objective of this study is to investigate the distribution patterns of P. massoniana and P. hwangshanensis forests and provide a theoretical basis for the scientific management and conservation of these forest resources. 【Method】 The study was focused on eight typical distribution areas in the eastern subtropical region of China. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis (NMDS) and multivariate regression trees (MRT) were employed to explore the differences in community structure and the main influencing factors between the two pine forests. Additionally, a linear mixed-effects model was used to quantify the response of species diversity indices to abiotic factors. Based on the principles for compiling the Vegegraphy of China, a preliminary quantitative classification of P. massoniana and P. hwangshanensis forests was performed. 【Result】 Significant differences were observed in the community structures of P. massoniana and P. hwangshanensis forests, with elevation identified as the primary influencing factor. Mean annual temperature had a significant effect on species richness within both communities, while mean annual precipitation had the most pronounced impact on overall species richness. Elevation exerted a significant influence on the evenness of the two communities. The preliminary vegetation classification resulted in the identification of six associations for P. massoniana forest and five associations for P. hwangshanensis forest. 【Conclusion】 Altitude variations shape the differences in community structure between P. massoniana and P. hwangshanensis forests and directly or indirectly influence species diversity in these communities. The vegetation classification highlights the diversification of vegetation types in the two pine forests and provides a reference for future classification efforts.

Key words: Pinus massoniana forest, P. hwangshanensis forest, community structure, species diversity, vegetation classification, the eastern China

中图分类号:

范明阳,胡萌,杨园,等. 中国东部地区马尾松与黄山松群落分类及群落结构和物种多样性特征[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2024, 48(1): 47-58.

FAN Mingyang, HU Meng, YNAG Yuan, FANG Yanming. Community classification, structures and species diversity characteristics of Pinus massoniana and P. hwangshanensis in the eastern China[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2024, 48(1): 47-58.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202210029.

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样方 plot	地点 site	经度(E) / (°) longitude	纬度(N) / (°) latitude	海拔/m altitude	样方plot	地点 site	经度(E)/ (°) longitude	纬度(N)/ (°) latitude	海拔/m altitude
P1	三清山	117.974 3	28.874 1	313	P21	黄山	118.136 4	30.125 3	901
P2	三清山	117.962 3	28.854 5	498	P22	黄山	118.137 8	30.125 6	1 000
P3	三清山	117.949 9	28.863 0	707	P23	黄山	118.144 2	30.120 0	1 167
P4	三清山	117.975 2	29.881 4	1 086	P24	黄山	118.146 9	30.132 8	1 720
P5	庐山	116.004 5	29.521 9	300	P25	黄山	118.145 8	30.117 8	1 800
P6	庐山	115.983 3	29.537 4	680	P26	天目山	119.452 8	30.328 3	450
P7	庐山	115.983 8	29.537 0	790	P27	天目山	119.446 4	30.343 6	740
P8	庐山	115.983 9	29.542 9	900	P28	天目山	119.450 0	30.338 1	970
P9	庐山	115.983 5	29.544 6	1 018	P29	天目山	119.429 4	30.336 7	1 000
P10	庐山	115.973 0	29.572 9	1 155	P30	天目山	119.453 9	30.329 4	1 000
P11	井冈山	114.091 5	26.669 8	480	P31	天目山	119.430 6	30.349 7	1 300
P12	井冈山	114.169 2	26.557 3	730	P32	凤阳山	119.175 2	27.898 8	1 536
P13	井冈山	114.948 3	26.344 0	834	P33	凤阳山	119.179 8	27.891 7	1 660
P14	井冈山	114.155 4	26.565 2	920	P34	凤阳山	119.159 9	27.900 7	1 720
P15	井冈山	114.108 5	26.545 6	1 112	P35	四明山	121.123 9	29.777 9	630
P16	井冈山	114.121 6	26.601 4	1 300	P36	四明山	120.989 4	29.634 7	875
P17	黄山	118.104 4	30.156 4	342	P37	四明山	120.987 1	29.635 1	946
P18	黄山	118.110 3	30.158 3	450	P38	桃花冲	116.033 5	30.979 5	945
P19	黄山	118.103 3	30.158 6	550	P39	桃花冲	116.050 2	30.977 0	1 061
P20	黄山	118.105 0	30.158 9	650	P40	桃花冲	116.059 0	30.977 5	1 160

α多样性指数 α diversity indices	因子 factor	马尾松群落 P. massoniana community	黄山松群落 P. hwangshanensis community	总体 total
物种丰富度 species richness	海拔	1.12×10^-5±4.75×10^-4	1.2×10^-5±4.7×10^-4	3.4×10^-4±2.3×10^-4
	年均气温	0.20±0.09^*	0.20±0.09^*	0.03±0.07
	年均降水量	-3.68×10^-4±4.75×10^-4	-3.68×10^-4±8.10×10^-4	-0.002±0.001
	纬度	1.12×10^-5±4.75×10^-4	0.05±0.10	0.06±0.10
Shannon多样性指数 Shannon diversity	海拔	0.010±0.004	7.2×10^-5±1.7×10^-3	0.002±0.001
	年均气温	0.31±0.94	0.87±0.57	-0.13±0.40
	年均降水量	-0.010±0.004	0.003±0.007	-0.01±0.005
	纬度	0.97±0.84	0.44±0.93	0.53±0.95
Gini-Simpson多样性指数 Gini-Simpson	海拔	0.001±0.001	1.8×10^-4±2.1×10^-4	1.4×10^-4±1.3×10^-4*
	年均气温	-0.04±0.10	0.03±0.06	0.01±0.04
	年均降水量	-0.000 4±0.000 4	-2.97×10^-4±6.32×10^-4	-0.001 0±0.000 4
	纬度	0.04±0.09	-0.009±0.080	0.02±0.06

物种 species	群落层 community vertical layer	特征值/% fidelity value
物种 species	群落层 community vertical layer	PM-1(3)	PM-2(2)	PM-3(2)	PM-4(4)	PM-5(4)	PM-6(2)
马银花Rhododendron ovatum	灌木层	100	0	0	0	0	0
山胡椒Lindera glauca	灌木层	92	0	0	0	0	0
杜鹃R. simsii	灌木层	74.1	0	0	0	0	0
中国绣球Hydrangea chinensis	灌木层	70.7	0	0	0	0	0
柿Diospyros kaki	灌木层	70.7	0	0	0	0	0
野柿D. kaki var. silvestris	乔木层	70.7	0	0	0	0	0
枫香Liquidambar formosana	灌木层	70.7	0	0	0	0	0
山槐Albizia kalkora	乔木层	70.7	0	0	0	0	0
赤楠Syzygium buxifolium	灌木层	0	100	0	0	0	0
甜槠Castanopsis eyrei	灌木层	0	95.9	0	0	0	0
木荷Schima superba	灌木层	0	0	95.9	0	0	0
蕨Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum	草本层	0	0	0	84.5	0	0
枹栎Quercus serrata	乔木层	0	0	0	64.5	0	0
老鼠屎Symplocos stellaris	乔木层	0	0	0	61.5	0	0
檫木Sassafras tzumu	乔木层	0	0	0	57.7	0	0
狗脊Woodwardia japonica	草本层	0	0	0	0	72.4	0
油茶Camellia oleifera	灌木层	0	0	0	0	70.7	0
赤杨叶Alniphyllum fortunei	乔木层	0	0	0	0	67.6	0
栀子Gardenia jasminoides	灌木层	0	0	0	0	58.5	0
交让木Daphniphyllum macropodum	灌木层	0	0	0	0	57.7	0
地棯Melastoma dodecandrum	草本层	0	0	0	0	57.7	0
盐麸木Rhus chinensis	灌木层	0	0	0	0	57.7	0
一年蓬Erigeron annuus	草本层	0	0	0	0	0	100
南烛Vaccinium bracteatum	灌木层	0	0	0	0	0	95.9

物种名 species name	群落层 community vertical layer		特征值/% fidelity value
物种名 species name	群落层 community vertical layer		PH-1(4)		PH-2(4)		PH-3(4)	PH-4(2)	PH-5(4)
多脉青冈Q. multinervis	乔木层		72.4		0		0	0	0
小叶青冈Q. myrsinifolia	乔木层		67.6		0		0	0	0
交让木D. macropodum	灌木层		64.5		0		0	0	0
交让木D. macropodum	乔木层		58.5		0		0	0	0
光亮山矾S. lucida	灌木层		57.7		0		0	0	0
光亮山矾S. lucida	乔木层		57.7		0		0	0	0
山矾S. sumuntia	乔木层		57.7		0		0	0	0
马银花R. ovatum	灌木层		0		72.9		0	0	0
甜槠C. eyrei	乔木层		0		67.6		0	0	0
细齿叶柃Eurya nitida		灌木层		0		63.0	0	0	0
鹿角杜鹃R. latoucheae		乔木层		0		57.7	0	0	0
浙江红山茶C. chekiangoleosa		灌木层		0		57.7	0	0	0
云锦杜鹃R. fortunei		乔木层		0		57.7	0	0	0
鹿角杜鹃R. latoucheae		灌木层		0		54.2	0	0	0
狭叶香港远志Polygala hongkongensis var. stenophylla		草本层		0		0	57.7	0	0
丁香杜鹃R. mariesii		灌木层		0		0	57.7	0	0
蛇莓Duchesnea indica		草本层		0		0	57.7	0	0
紫萁Osmunda japonica		草本层		0		0	0	100	0
荚蒾Viburnum dilatatum		灌木层		0		0	0	100	0
山胡椒L. glauca		灌木层		0		0	0	0	92.0
蕨P. aquilinum var. latiusculum		草本层		0		0	0	0	92.0
灯台树Cornus controversa		乔木层		0		0	0	0	58.5
山胡椒L. glauca		乔木层		0		0	0	0	57.7
格药柃E. muricata		灌木层		0		0	0	0	57.7
山橿L. reflexa		灌木层		0		0	0	0	54.2
枹栎Q. serrata		乔木层		0		0	76.3	0	76.3
枹栎Q. serrata		灌木层		0		0	75.2	0	75.2

中国东部地区马尾松与黄山松群落分类及群落结构和物种多样性特征

Community classification, structures and species diversity characteristics of Pinus massoniana and P. hwangshanensis in the eastern China

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