7株香榧优株坚果表型性状与品质特性的研究

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202211034

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (2): 37-44.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202211034

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7株香榧优株坚果表型性状与品质特性的研究

陶涛¹(), 刘耀辉², 薛中俊⁴, 高越², 袁璐鸿², 郑芬⁵, 吴炜³^,^*(), 黄界颍²^,^*()

1.安徽林业职业技术学院,安徽合肥 230031
2.安徽农业大学资源与环境学院,安徽合肥 230036
3.安徽省农业科学院农业工程研究所,安徽合肥 230031
4.南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,江苏南京 210095
5.安徽黟县宏盛香榧种植园,安徽黄山 245000

收稿日期:2022-11-28 修回日期:2023-03-05 出版日期:2024-03-30 发布日期:2024-04-08
通讯作者: *吴炜(59830729@qq.com),助理研究员,博士,负责组织联络,参与样品采集和数据分析,提出论文修改意见。
黄界颍(48166266@qq.com),副教授,参与样品采集和实验数据分析,指导论文撰写并提出修改意见
作者简介:陶涛(2269635691@qq.com),副教授。
基金资助:
安徽省果树产业技术体系(皖农科函﹝2021﹞711号);安徽高校自然科学重点研究项目(KJ2020A1127);安徽省农业科学院黟县黑果项目(2020YL083);安徽省重点研究和开发计划(201904A06020053)

Studies on the phenotypic traits and quality characteristics of seven superior tree nuts of Torreya grandis ‘Merrillii’

TAO Tao¹(), LIU Yaohui², XUE Zhongjun⁴, GAO Yue², YUAN Luhong², ZHENG Fen⁵, WU Wei³^,^*(), HUANG Jieying²^,^*()

1. Anhui Vocational and Technical College of Forestry, Hefei 230031, China
2. College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
3. Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
4. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
5. Hongsheng Torreya Grandis Plantation of Yi County, Anhui Province,Huangshan 245000, China

Received:2022-11-28 Revised:2023-03-05 Online:2024-03-30 Published:2024-04-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】对黟县7株香榧(Torreya grandis ‘Merrillii’)优株坚果的主要物理性质和主要成分含量进行比较,分析黟县香榧品质情况,为香榧良种选育与开发利用提供理论依据。【方法】选取安徽黟县7个香榧种质,测定其表型特征、矿物元素、营养成分及脂肪酸组成等29个物理、化学性质指标,对所测数据进行关联、聚类分析。【结果】香榧的表型性状及内在品质各指标差异显著(P<0.05)。粗蛋白质质量分数变化范围为6.67%~14.69%;粗脂肪质量分数为36.20%~55.51%,其中多不饱和脂肪酸平均质量分数最高的是亚油酸47.81%,其次是金松酸12.20%;全钾(TK)质量分数为0.77%~1.39%,不同优株间主要矿物元素差异极显著(P<0.05)。【结论】黟县7株香榧优株中,外观偏长圆形的诸暨一号和浙江细榧粗蛋白质含量相比偏圆形的高产木榧、和尚榧、叶里笑、米榧和大圆榧高,而偏圆形的香榧种仁油脂酸价更低,油脂的品质更好;可将酸价、核形指数、油酸含量作为筛选香榧优株的优选指标。

关键词: 香榧, 优株, 表型性状, 品质, 优选指标

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study investigated seven nuts of Torreya grandis‘Merrillii’ to compare and analyze the primary physical properties and content of the main components, understand the quality of T. grandis in Yi County, and provide a theoretical basis for the selection, development, and utilization of improved varieties of T. grandis ‘Merrillii’【Method】 Seven T. grandis were selected ‘Merrillii’ germplasms from Yi County, southern Anhui Province; measured their phenotypic characteristics, mineral elements, nutrient composition, fatty acid composition, and 29 additional physical and chemical properties; and carried out correlation and cluster analyses on the measured data. 【Result】 The phenotypic characteristics and internal quality indices of T. grandis ‘Merrillii’ differed significantly (P < 0.05). The crude protein content ranged from 6.67% to 14.69%. The crude fat content varied from 36.20% to 55.51%, among which the highest average content of polyunsaturated fatty acids was linoleic acid at 47.81%, followed by chrysotile acid at 12.20%. The total potassium (TK) content varied from 0.77% to 1.39%, and there was a significant difference between different superior plants (P < 0.05). 【Conclusion】 According to the comprehensive analysis, the crude protein content of the oblong-shaped Zhujiyihao and Zhejiangxifei was higher than that of T. grandis ‘Merrillii’ types with a round appearance, while the oil acid value of the oblong T. grandis ‘Merrillii’ kernel was lower, and the oil quality was better. Acid value, nuclear shape index, and oleic acid content can be used as the optimum indexes for screening superior plants of T. grandis ‘Merrillii’.

Key words: Torreya grandis ‘Merrillii’, superior strain, phenotypic traits, quality, optimization index

中图分类号:

S791.53

陶涛,刘耀辉,薛中俊,等. 7株香榧优株坚果表型性状与品质特性的研究[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2024, 48(2): 37-44.

TAO Tao, LIU Yaohui, XUE Zhongjun, GAO Yue, YUAN Luhong, ZHENG Fen, WU Wei, HUANG Jieying. Studies on the phenotypic traits and quality characteristics of seven superior tree nuts of Torreya grandis ‘Merrillii’[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2024, 48(2): 37-44.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202211034.

图/表 9

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优株 superior tree	种核seed nucleus		种仁seed kernel			种壳厚度/mm seed shell thickness		核形指数 fruit shape index		仁形指数 kernel shape index
优株 superior tree	纵径/mm longitudinal diameter	横径/mm transverse diameter	纵径/mm longitudinal diameter	横径/mm transverse diameter	质量/g mass	种壳厚度/mm seed shell thickness		核形指数 fruit shape index		仁形指数 kernel shape index
ZJXF	25.89±0.51 a	12.58±0.38 d	21.58±0.64 b	9.27±0.21 d	0.98±0.18 e		0.52±0.03 d		2.06±0.02 b		2.34±0.04 b
ZJYH	26.88±1.24 a	11.63±0.67 e	25.53±1.25 a	10.27±0.68 cd	2.22±0.21 b		0.68±0.02 bc		2.34±0.02 a		2.52±0.04 a
GCMF	21.89±0.19 b	15.12±0.26 b	17.83±0.21 c	10.98±0.02 bc	1.84±0.02 c		0.52±0.02 d		1.45±0.01 d		1.63±0.01 d
MF	22.78±0.26 b	14.98±0.44 bc	18.00±0.16 c	9.69±0.48 d	1.69±0.04 c		1.03±0.07 a		1.52±0.03 c		1.88±0.07 c
HSF	20.67±0.16 c	14.93±0.26 bc	16.45±0.26 d	11.76±0.59 b	1.42±0.14 d		0.67±0.09 bc		1.39±0.04 e		1.42±0.07 e
YLX	19.68±0.59 c	14.18±0.36 c	14.71±0.63 e	11.12±0.17 bc	1.45±0.09 d		0.63±0.03 c		1.39±0.01 e		1.33±0.06 e
DYF	26.82±0.73 a	18.45±0.70 a	22.23±0.56 b	13.88±1.30 a	1.68±0.10 a		0.75±0.04 b		1.46±0.02 d		1.64±0.14 d
F	67.135^**	64.320^**	106.254^**	17.718^**	56.217^**		36.046^**		917.780^**		124.256^**

优株 superior tree	主要营养成分/%main nutrient components			IC50/ (mg·mL^-1)	过氧化值/ (mmol·kg^-1) peroxide value	酸价/(mg·g^-1) acid value
优株 superior tree	粗脂肪 crude fat	粗蛋白质 crude protein	总糖 total sugar	IC50/ (mg·mL^-1)	过氧化值/ (mmol·kg^-1) peroxide value	酸价/(mg·g^-1) acid value
ZJXF	39.72±0.72 cd	13.39±0.57 a	4.15±0.17 c	1.11±0.11 d	4.15±0.17 a	0.34±0.17 b
ZJYH	55.51±0.41 a	14.69±0.75 a	0.70±0.07 f	5.67±0.23 b	0.70±0.07 d	0.66±0.07 a
GCMF	36.20±1.34 e	6.67±0.23 e	2.92±0.22 d	1.25±0.05 d	0.08±0.01 e	0.13±0.22 c
MF	42.68±0.55 b	10.13±0.26 d	6.84±0.43 a	32.91±0.78 a	0.08±0.01 e	0.08±0.43 d
HSF	38.45±1.39 d	9.94±0.45 d	4.96±0.21 b	1.58±0.05 d	2.27±0.05 b	0.09±0.21 d
YLX	40.87±2.41 bc	11.42±0.44 c	1.18±0.02 e	2.70±0.11 c	1.18±0.02 c	0.13±0.02 c
DYF	43.10±0.95 b	10.13±0.25 d	2.88±0.25 d	2.81±0.09 c	2.20±0.15 b	0.15±0.25 c
F	72.561^**	98.159^**	264.210^**	4 046.176^**	769.129^**	936.744^**

优株superior tree	全磷质量分数/% TP mass concentration	全钾质量分数/% TK mass concentration	锌含量/(mg·kg^-1) content of Zn	铁含量/(mg·kg^-1) content of Fe	锰含量/(mg·kg^-1) content of Mn
ZJXF	0.30±0.02 a	0.99±0.02 d	30.66±0.40 c	45.35±0.69 b	65.72±1.16 a
ZJYH	0.27±0.01 bc	1.20±0.05 b	27.58±0.49 d	31.82±0.91 d	12.31±0.56 c
GCMF	0.26±0.01 d	1.09±0.11 c	26.75±0.27 d	58.74±0.73 a	12.03±0.40 c
MF	0.25±0.01 d	1.39±0.03 a	19.20±0.68 e	31.75±0.87 d	8.89±0.19 d
HSF	0.28±0.01 b	1.24±0.01 b	27.41±0.84 d	40.95±1.12 c	12.00±0.34 c
YLX	0.27±0.01 bc	0.77±0.03 e	42.63±0.47 a	29.08±1.21 e	17.51±1.47 b
DYF	0.27±0.00 bc	1.27±0.01 b	36.28±0.44 b	22.95±1.06 f	11.60±0.63 c
F	8.833^**	56.052^**	581.033^**	477.298^**	1 927.521^**

优株 superior tree		PA		SA		OA		LA		LIA		AA		EA		S10S13EA		S11S13EA		AUA
ZJXF		8.64±0.05 b		2.71±0.15 b		25.20±0.14 b		47.33±0.55 b		0.51±0.05 c		0.16±0.01 b		0.52±0.04 c		0.70±0.07 bc		2.00±0.18 de		12.26±0.22 de
ZJYH		7.74±0.02 e		2.88±0.21 b		35.97±0.22 a		41.04±0.83 c		0.38±0.04 d		0.13±0.01 d		0.59±0.02 bc		0.75±0.06 abc		1.79±0.18 e		8.55±0.19 f
GCMF		9.57±0.07 a		2.76±0.15 b		20.03±0.09 f		48.18±1.08 b		0.67±0.05 ab		0.15±0.01 bc		0.62±0.04 b		0.81±0.04 a		2.73±0.18 c		13.93±0.02 a
MF		7.41±0.01 f		2.39±0.14 c		20.53±0.1 f		50.49±1.14 a		0.72±0.06 a		0.12±0.01 d		0.73±0.06 a		0.80±0.07 ab		3.09±0.19 b		13.14±0.03 b
HSF		7.82±0.01 d		3.34±0.21 a		22.13±0.03 d		49.81±1.21 a		0.70±0.02 ab		0.18±0.01 a		0.61±0.03 b		0.82±0.07 a		2.27±0.20 d		12.00±0.04 e
YLX		7.42±0.02 f		2.25±0.12 c		23.61±0.26 c		48.06±0.65 b		0.52±0.05 c		0.13±0.01 d		0.71±0.08 a		0.73±0.05 abc		3.60±0.15 a		12.57±0.01 cd
DYF		8.08±0.04 c		2.16±0.03 c		21.36±0.78 e		49.75±0.41 a		0.62±0.05 b		0.14±0.02 cd		0.72±0.06 a		0.69±0.02 c		3.62±0.21 a		12.97±0.71 bc
F	1 457.977^**		22.110^**		854.787^**		39.236^**		21.942^**		12.825^**		8.271^*		2.707		49.147^**		106.790^**

指标index
SND	-0.064	1
SKLD	0.960^**	-0.244	1
KD	0.048	0.821^*	-0.03	1
KQ	0.477	0.516	0.485	0.669	1
SST	0.024	0.292	-0.033	0.006	0.293	1
NSI	0.704	-0.751	0.818^*	-0.517	-0.011	-0.194	1
KSI	0.770^*	-0.646	0.839^*	-0.567	0.013	-0.034	0.957^**

7株香榧优株坚果表型性状与品质特性的研究

Studies on the phenotypic traits and quality characteristics of seven superior tree nuts of Torreya grandis ‘Merrillii’

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指标index	CF	CP	TS	IC50	POV	AV	TP	TK	Zn	Fe	Mn
CP	0.728	1
TS	-0.454	-0.335	1
IC50	0.152	-0.050	0.633	1
POV	-0.204	0.402	0.079	-0.480	1
AV	0.830^*	0.786^*	-0.556	-0.206	0.093	1
TP	-0.107	0.498	-0.127	-0.631	0.937^**	0.299	1
TK	0.236	-0.160	0.573	0.563	-0.244	-0.041	-0.409	1
Zn	-0.074	0.159	-0.661	-0.628	0.333	-0.045	0.340	-0.742	1
Fe	-0.529	-0.444	0.147	-0.276	-0.014	-0.087	0.154	-0.165	-0.358	1
Mn	-0.193	0.440	0.069	-0.291	0.802^*	0.243	0.831^*	-0.425	0.143	0.281	1

指标index	SNLD	SND	SKLD	KD	KQ	SST	NSI	KSI
CF	0.595	-0.423	0.737	-0.110	0.477	0.258	0.728	0.656
CP	0.518	-0.654	0.586	-0.369	-0.117	-0.023	0.812^*	0.701
TS	-0.174	0.250	-0.302	-0.223	-0.337	0.547	-0.334	-0.111
IC50	-0.048	0.043	-0.091	-0.369	0.026	0.903^**	-0.084	0.117
POV	0.315	-0.061	0.190	0.033	-0.399	-0.418	0.224	0.182
AV	0.661	-0.700	0.819^*	-0.338	0.169	-0.242	0.955^**	0.853^*
TP	0.261	-0.339	0.221	-0.123	-0.493	-0.632	0.395	0.287
TK	0.353	0.328	0.339	0.156	0.466	0.681	0.007	0.190
Zn	-0.101	0.184	-0.159	0.469	0.064	-0.451	-0.183	-0.375
Fe	-0.26	-0.264	-0.201	-0.384	-0.458	-0.58	-0.005	0.033
Mn	0.297	-0.421	0.200	-0.478	-0.633	-0.487	0.448	0.456

指标 index	主成分principal component
指标 index	1	2	3	4
种核纵径seed nucleus longitudinal diameter	0.686	-0.366	-0.072	0.585
种核横径seed nucleus transverse diameter	-0.697	-0.403	-0.334	0.469
种仁纵径seed kernel longitudinal diameter	0.815	-0.334	0.038	0.455
种仁横径seed kernel transverse diameter	-0.331	-0.480	-0.558	0.293
种仁质量seed kernel mass	0.049	-0.811	-0.076	0.347
种壳厚度seed shell thickness	-0.331	-0.593	0.632	0.096
核形指数nuclear shape index	0.962	0.015	0.187	0.035
仁形指数kernel shape index	0.856	-0.001	0.318	0.225
粗脂肪crude fat	0.735	-0.589	0.288	-0.141
粗蛋白质crude protein	0.832	-0.169	0.015	-0.254
总糖total sugar	-0.490	0.264	0.516	0.442
IC50	-0.305	-0.329	0.789	0.028
过氧化值peroxide value	0.316	0.368	-0.546	0.288
酸价acid value	0.973	-0.123	0.104	-0.075
TP	0.505	0.517	-0.516	0.102
TK	-0.079	-0.320	0.613	0.664
Zn	0.002	-0.206	-0.884	-0.413
Fe	-0.057	0.845	0.092	0.159
Mn	0.413	0.553	-0.321	0.122
棕榈酸palmitic acid	0.009	0.543	-0.252	0.457
硬脂酸stearic acid	0.313	0.635	0.352	0.019
油酸oleic acid	0.926	-0.226	0.117	-0.228
亚油酸linoleic acid	-0.851	0.011	-0.214	0.323
亚麻酸linolenic acid	-0.718	0.469	0.510	0.061
花生酸arachidic acid	0.107	0.910	0.126	0.050
二十碳一烯酸eicosaenoic acid	-0.676	-0.426	0.239	-0.518
顺-10,顺-13-二十碳二烯酸cis-10, cis-13-eicosadienoic acid	-0.074	0.591	0.686	-0.370
顺-11,顺-13-二十碳二烯酸cis-11, cis-13-eicosadienoic acid	-0.789	-0.448	-0.258	-0.246
金松酸auropic acid	-0.836	0.345	-0.136	0.162
特征根eigenvalue	10.540	6.431	4.923	2.931
累计贡献率/% cumulative contribution rate	36.344	58.521	75.498	85.604

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