【目的】研究滇东南地区蚂蚁物种的栖息生境、垂直分布、觅食场所和筑巢场所等分布格局和规律,为该区生物多样性编目和保护提供科学依据。【方法】采用样地调查法对滇东南地区蚂蚁物种分布格局进行调查研究,运用采获频数法进行数据统计,并用SPSS 26软件作海拔与蚂蚁物种丰富度间的Pearson相关性分析。【结果】在滇东南地区5个垂直带共发现蚂蚁9亚科64属197种。大多数蚂蚁可在多类植被中栖息,舒尔盘腹蚁(Aphaenogaster schurri)、喜马毛蚁(Lasius himalayanus)等少数蚂蚁只在单类植被中栖息。在13类栖息生境中,处于中低海拔的季风常绿阔叶林蚂蚁物种最丰富(87种),处于高海拔的高山栎林物种数最少(8种)。多数蚂蚁物种生态适应幅度狭窄,垂直分布高差小于500 m;爪哇扁头猛蚁(Ectomomyrmex javana)、黄足尼兰蚁(Nylanderia flavipes)等少数种蚂蚁生态适应幅度宽阔,垂直分布高差大于2 000 m。大多数蚂蚁的觅食和筑巢场所不尽相同,大阪举腹蚁(Crematogaster osakensis)、掘穴蚁(Formica cunicularia)、黑腹臭蚁(Dolichoderus taprobanae)等少数物种选择在多个场所中觅食和筑巢,其中选择在地表、土壤内觅食和筑巢的物种最丰富。相关分析显示,海拔与蚂蚁物种丰富度呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。【结论】滇东南地区蚂蚁资源较丰富,物种分布格局主要与海拔、植被类型和蚂蚁的适应能力有关。中低海拔区域气候湿热,植被类型丰富,具有充足的食物资源和筑巢场所,物种较丰富;高海拔区域气候寒冷,植被单一,蚂蚁栖息生境较差,物种稀少。蚂蚁的功能特征决定了它的生存能力,大多数物种对环境的选择较为严苛,不同物种分布格局差异明显。

【Objective】The study aimed to investigate the patterns and laws of ant species distribution, including the habitat, vertical distribution, foraging patterns and nesting sites in southeastern Yunnan Province, provide a scientific basis for biodiversity cataloging and protection in this area.【Method】The distribution patterns of ant species in southeastern Yunnan Province were investigated using the plot-sampling method, and the data were counted using the harvesting frequency method. The Pearson correlation between the altitude and species richness of the ants was analyzed using the SPSS 26 software. 【Result】 A total of 197 species of ants, belonging to 64 genera and nine subfamilies under the Formicidae family, were recorded from five vertical zones in southeastern Yunnan Province. The majority of ant species inhabited different vegetation zones; however, a few ants, including Aphaenogaster schurri and Lasius himalayanus, inhabited only a single vegetation type. Of the 13 habitats, the ants (87 species) were most abundant in the middle-and low-altitude monsoon evergreen broadleaf forest, and least abundant (eight species) in the high-altitude Quercus semicarpifolia forest. The majority of ant species had a narrow ecological adaptation range, and the height difference in vertical distribution was less than 500 m. A few species of ants, including Ectomomyrmex javana, Nylanderia flavipes, and others exhibited a wide ecological adaptation range, and the height difference in vertical distribution was greater than 2 000 m. There were differences in the foraging zones and nesting sites of the majority of ant species. A few species, including Crematogaster osakensis, Formica cunicularia and Dolichoderus taprobanae, foraged and nested in multiple sites, and the species that foraged on the ground and nested in the soil were the most abundant. Correlation analysis revealed that the altitude and species richness were significantly negatively correlated at 0.01 level of significance. 【Conclusion】There are abundant resource for ant populations in southeastern Yunnan Province, and the distribution patterns of ant species in the region are primarily related to the altitude, types of vegetation, and adaptability. The species richness was found to be high in the middle-and low-altitude areas, which have a hot and humid climate, rich vegetation types, and sufficient food resources and nesting sites; however, the ants in the high-altitude areas inhabited fewer habitats and their species richness was low due to the cold climate and single type of vegetation. The study revealed that the functional characteristics of the ants determine their viability. The majority of ant species exhibited a strict environmental selection, and there were obvious differences in the distribution patterns of different species.