哈尔滨段松花江湿地景观格局演变及驱动因素分析

赵志强; 许晓龙; 袁青; 吴妍

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202301009

赵志强, 许晓龙, 袁青, 吴妍

南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (2) : 219-226.

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (2) : 219-226. DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202301009

研究论文

哈尔滨段松花江湿地景观格局演变及驱动因素分析

赵志强 ¹^,²^,³ ,
许晓龙 ⁴ ,
袁青 ¹^,²^,^* ,
吴妍 ⁴^,^*

作者信息 +

Landscape pattern evolution and driving factors of Songhua River wetland in Harbin

ZHAO Zhiqiang ¹^,²^,³ ,
XU Xiaolong ⁴ ,
YUAN Qing ¹^,²^,^* ,
WU Yan ⁴^,^*

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

【目的】松花江湿地是哈尔滨最重要的生态系统屏障。定量研究20年来哈尔滨段松花江湿地生态系统景观格局演变规律及其主要影响因素,为哈尔滨松花江湿地规划提供参考。【方法】以松花江哈尔滨段流域及其周边生态区域为研究对象,借助GIS,对2000、2005、2010、2015和2020年5期Landsat遥感影像进行处理;利用Fragstats分析研究区域景观格局指数,探究景观格局时空演变特征;最后对影响景观格局的因素进行主成分分析。【结果】 ①2000—2020年,水域(含湿地)面积不断上升、耕地面积不断下降是研究区景观格局最主要的变化特征。耕地是转入水域、草地、建设用地、林地、其他用地面积的主要贡献者,分别转出343.142 1、2.484 9、94.041 9、35.469 0、1.980 0 km²。其中水域、草地、林地、其他用地面积同比增长率均超过100%,面积扩张呈上升趋势。②从斑块类型角度来看,各斑块破碎化程度均不同程度提高,湿地景观类型结构趋于复杂化;从景观水平角度来看,整体上景观丰富度增加,但连通性较差,受外界干扰程度比较明显。③城市经济发展、气候与产业结构是哈尔滨段松江湿地景观格局变化的最主要驱动因素。随着松北区的设立及旅游业的兴起,相关基础设施挤占了沿江部分水域(包括湿地)空间,湿地沼泽、耕地被分割成无数大小斑块,总体景观格局趋于破碎化,人为驱动因素逐渐成为主导因素。【结论】 2000—2020年,哈尔滨段松花江湿地景观类型结构趋于复杂化。随着人为因素的影响不断加大,水域斑块破碎化程度不断提高,耕地面积流失严重,耕地保护与生态保护矛盾仍十分突出。

Abstract

【Objective】 The Songhua River wetland is the most important ecosystem barrier in Harbin. This paper quantitatively studied the evolution and main influencing factors of the landscape pattern of the Songhua River wetland ecosystem in Harbin over the past 20 years, and we aim to provide a reference for wetland planning. 【Method】 Choosing the Harbin basin and its surrounding ecological area as the research object, Landsat remote sensing images from 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2020 were processed with the help of the GIS platform. The Fragstats software was used to analyze the regional landscape pattern index and explore the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of the landscape pattern. Finally, SPSS was used for the statistical analysis of the factors affecting landscape pattern. 【Result】 (1) From 2000 to 2020, the water area (including wetland) continuously increased, while the cultivated-land area continuously decreased, which was the primary change feature of landscape pattern in the study area. The decreasing cultivated land was the main contributing factor of increasing water area, grassland, construction land, forest land and other land areas at 343.142 1, 2.484 9, 94.041 9, 35.469 0 and 1.980 0 km², respectively; among them, the growth rate of water area, grassland, forest area and other land area exceeded 100%, and the area expansion showed an upward trend. (2) From the perspective of plaque types, the degree of fragmentation of each plaque increased to varying degrees during the 20 years, and the wetland landscape type structure tended to be complicated. From the landscape-level perspective, the overall landscape richness has increased, but the connectivity was poor, and the degree of external interference was relatively significant. (3) Urban economic development, climate and industrial structure were the main driving factors to stimulate the change of landscape pattern of the Songhua River wetland in Harbin. With the establishment of the Songbei District and the rise of tourism, relevant infrastructure has crowded the space of some water areas (including wetlands) along the river; wetland marshes and cultivated land have been divided into numerous patches, the overall landscape pattern tends to be fragmented, and human drivers have gradually become the dominant factors. 【Conclusion】 The landscape type of the Songhua River wetland in Harbin is a complicated structure. As human influence factors become more profound, the fragmentation degree of water patches increases, there is a serious loss of cultivated-land area, and the contradiction between cultivated-land protection and ecological protection remains prominent.

导出引用

赵志强, 许晓龙, 袁青, 等. 哈尔滨段松花江湿地景观格局演变及驱动因素分析[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）. 2024, 48(2): 219-226 https://doi.org/10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202301009

ZHAO Zhiqiang, XU Xiaolong, YUAN Qing, et al. Landscape pattern evolution and driving factors of Songhua River wetland in Harbin[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY. 2024, 48(2): 219-226 https://doi.org/10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202301009

中图分类号： S759;X171.1

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