喀斯特原生林9个树种水力学性状与解剖结构对树干液流的影响

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202302010

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (6): 111-120.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202302010

喀斯特原生林9个树种水力学性状与解剖结构对树干液流的影响

叶雨艳¹^,²(), 丁访军²^,³^,^*(), 吴鹏², 周华², 李源永¹^,², 周汀¹^,², 崔迎春²

1.贵州大学生命科学学院/农业生物工程研究院,山地植物资源保护与种质创新教育部重点实验室,贵州贵阳 550025
2.贵州省林业科学研究院,贵州贵阳 550005
3.贵州荔波喀斯特森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站,贵州荔波 558400

收稿日期:2023-02-14 修回日期:2023-07-11 出版日期:2024-11-30 发布日期:2024-12-10
通讯作者: *丁访军(ding3929034@163.com),研究员。
作者简介:
叶雨艳(yeyuyan19980321@163.com)。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(31760240)

Effects of hydraulics and anatomical structure on sap flow of nine tree species in Karst primary forest

YE Yuyan¹^,²(), DING Fangjun²^,³^,^*(), WU Peng², ZHOU Hua², LI Yuanyong¹^,², ZHOU Ting¹^,², CUI Yingchun²

1. Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
2. Guizhou Academy of Forestry, Guiyang 550005, China
3. Guizhou Libo Observation and Research Station for Karst Forest Ecosystem, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Libo 558400, China

Received:2023-02-14 Revised:2023-07-11 Online:2024-11-30 Published:2024-12-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】揭示茂兰喀斯特森林主要树种水力结构和解剖结构特征及其对树干液流密度的影响。【方法】以茂兰喀斯特森林9个树种为研究对象,用“冲洗法”测定其导水率(Kh)、比导率(Ks)、胡伯尔值(Hv);以解剖学方法测定其导管面积(A)、导管直径(D)、导管水力学直径(Dh)、导管密度(WD)、管胞壁厚度(WVD)等解剖结构参数;采用热扩散探针法监测树干液流密度(Js),并对已测的几个指标进行排序,比较各树种抗旱能力强弱。【结果】①Kh从大到小表现为南酸枣(Choerospondias axillaris)>柿(Diospyros kaki)>山乌桕(Triadica cochin chinensis)>化香(Platycarya strobilacea)>鹅耳枥(Carpinus turczaninovii)>新木姜子(Neolitsea aurata)>山矾(Symplocos sumuntia)>天峨槭(Acer wangchii)>润楠(Machilus nanmu);Ks从大到小表现为南酸枣>山乌桕>柿>化香>鹅耳枥>天峨槭>新木姜子>山矾>润楠;Hv表现为鹅耳枥>新木姜子>润楠>山矾>化香>山乌桕>天峨槭>南酸枣>柿,落叶树种的Kh和Ks大于常绿树种;②除鹅耳枥外,落叶树种的导管面积、直径、水力直径均大于常绿树种,而导管密度则相反;③各树种的Kh、Ks、Hv与Js的相关性均不显著(P>0.05),山乌桕树干液流密度与水力直径呈显著正相关(P<0.05),而天峨槭与水力直径呈显著负相关(P<0.05),山矾的液流密度与导管密度呈显著正相关(P<0.05),其余树种的解剖结构与树干液流密度相关性均不显著(P>0.05);④树种抗旱能力随导管直径的增大而增加,从大到小表现为南酸枣>山乌桕>柿>化香>鹅耳枥>新木姜子>山矾>润楠>天峨槭。【结论】茂兰喀斯特森林中落叶树种的导水、输水和抗旱能力均强于常绿树种。水分充足时,水力学性状对树干液流密度的影响较小,而解剖结构对其影响存在种间差异;优势树种通过增大单位横截面积上的蒸腾拉力抵消树高带来水分运输阻力,为叶片蒸腾和光合作用供给水分。在进行喀斯特植被恢复时应综合考虑落叶、常绿及林分垂直结构的群落配比。

关键词: 茂兰喀斯特森林, 树干液流密度, 水力学性状, 解剖结构, 抗旱能力

Abstract:

【Objective】This study aims to explore the hydraulic and anatomical characteristics of predominant tree species in the Maolan Karst Forest and their impact on sap flow density.【Method】The hydraulic conductivity (Kh), specific conductivity (Ks), and Huber value (Hv) of nine tree species in the Maolan Karst Forest were determined through the ‘washing method’. Anatomical structure parameters such as vessel area (A), vessel diameter (D), hydraulic vessel diameter (Dh), vessel density (WD), and vessel wall thickness (WVD) were assessed using anatomical techniques. The thermal diffusion probe method was employed to monitor the sap flow density (Js) of the tree trunks. The measured indexes were subsequently ranked via the subordinate function method to discern drought resistance.【Result】(1)The Kh value behaved Choerospondias axillaris> Diospyros kaki> Triadica cochinchinensis> Platycarya strobilacea > Carpinus turczaninovii > Neolitsea aurata > Symplocos sumuntia > Acer wangchii> Machilus nanmu, the Ks value behaved C. axillaris > T. cochinchinensis > D. kaki > P. strobilacea > C. turczaninovii > A. wangchii > N. aurata > S. sumuntia> M. nanmu, and the Hv value behaved C. turczaninovii > N. aurata > M. nanmu > S. sumuntia > P. strobilacea > T. cochinchinensis > A. wangchii > C. axillaris > D. kaki, the Kh and Ks values of deciduous trees are higher than those of evergreen trees. (2) In addition to C. turczaninowii, the vessel area, vessel diameter and hydraulic diameter value of eight trees revealed that deciduous trees were lager than evergreen trees. In contrast, the vessel density of evergreen trees was larger than that of deciduous trees; overall, the relevance of nine anatomical parameters varied between trees. (3) No significant correlation was found between the Kh, Ks, Hv of the nine trees and sap flow density (P<0.05), Sap flow density of T. chinensis showed a significantly positive correlation with vessel hydraulic diameter(P<0.05), while that of A. wangchii indicated a significantly negative correlation(P<0.05). Conversely, the sap flow density of S. sumuntia positively correlated with vessel density (P<0.05), but the sap flow density of the remaining six species didn’t significantly correlate with anatomical structure parameters (P>0.05); (4) Drought resistance of the nine species increased with vessel diameter, ranking as follows: C. axillaris> T. cochin chinensis > D. kaki> P. strobilacea > C. turczaninovii > N. aurata> S. sumuntia> M. nanmu> A. wangchii.【Conclusion】The water conductivity, water transport, and drought resistance of the nine studied species were superior to evergreens. While water availability was ample, the hydraulic traits minimally impacted the sap flow density, whereas the anatomical structure variably influenced it. The dominant species managed to counterbalance the water transport resistance caused by tree height by boosting transpiration tension per unit cross-sectional area, thus facilitating leaf transpiration and photosynthesis. For the effective restoration of Karst vegetation, it is essential to consider the community ratio of deciduous to evergreen species and the stand vertical structure.

Key words: Maolan Karst forest, sap flow density, hydraulic trait, anatomy structure, drought resistance capacity

中图分类号:

S718.5

叶雨艳,丁访军,吴鹏,等. 喀斯特原生林9个树种水力学性状与解剖结构对树干液流的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2024, 48(6): 111-120.

YE Yuyan, DING Fangjun, WU Peng, ZHOU Hua, LI Yuanyong, ZHOU Ting, CUI Yingchun. Effects of hydraulics and anatomical structure on sap flow of nine tree species in Karst primary forest[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2024, 48(6): 111-120.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202302010.

图/表 6

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物种名(代码) species name(code)	树高/m tree height	胸径/cm DBH	边材宽度/mm sapwood width	生长习性及材性 growth and wood property
山矾(Ss)Symplocos sumuntia	15.0±0.3	9.8±0.1	15.4±0.6	常绿,散孔材
润楠(Mn)Machilus nanmu	8.2±0.4	9.0±0.2	10.7±1.2	常绿,散孔材
天峨槭(Aw)Acer wangchii	15.3±0.4	25.6±0.2	18.96±4.3	常绿,散孔材
新木姜子(Na)Neolitsea aurata	8.5±0.3	10.1±0.3	13.5±1.2	常绿,散孔材
南酸枣(Ca)Choerospondias axillaris	16.8±0.2	26.1±0.2	16.7±5.0	落叶,环孔材
柿(Dk)Diospyros kaki	19.6±0.2	28.3±0.2	24.1±5.3	落叶,环孔材
化香(Ps)Platycarya strobilacea	13.2±0.3	15.1±0.3	25.6±3.5	落叶,环孔材
鹅耳枥(Ct)Carpinus turczaninovii	8.2±0.3	9.0±0.1	18.5±3.5	落叶,环孔材
山乌桕(Tc)Triadica cochinchinensis	7.5±0.2	13.0±0.2	22.5±3.5	落叶,环孔材

解剖结构特征 anatomy structure feature	落叶树种 deciduous species					常绿树种 evergreen species
解剖结构特征 anatomy structure feature	Ca	Dk	Tc	Ps	Ct	Na	Ss	Aw	Mn
导管面积/μm² vessel area	2 189.47± 31.86 a	1 154± 13.57 c	1 653.46± 28.19 b	1 044.41± 7.09 d	626.59± 1.96 e	662.56± 1.74 e	555.43± 0.89 f	538.42± 1.26 f	355.74± 0.97 g
导管直径/μm vessel diameter	48.27± 0.4 a	33.31± 0.23 c	42.32± 0.32 b	32.58± 0.23 c	24.10± 0.77 e	26.91± 0.15 d	25.93± 0.14 d	24.51± 0.07 e	21.28± 0.62 f
导管水力直径/μm hydraulic diameter of vessel	82.24± 3.32 a	64.23± 4.89 b	66.08± 3.69 b	51.97± 1.94 c	45.47± 1.62 cd	43.52± 2.39 d	28.75± 1.09 e	30.10± 0.91 e	23.52± 0.72 e
导管密度/(个·mm^-2) density of vessel	50.43± 4.27 e	54.29± 4.9 e	31.13± 1.71 e	88.10± 4.98 d	116.72± 5.6 c	159.89± 5.52 b	147.73± 5.23 b	255.93± 12.88 a	271.82± 15.4 a
管胞壁厚度/μm wall thickness of vessel	19.04± 2.03 bc	9.43± 1.62 d	21.52± 1.63 ab	18.46± 1.38b c	21.04± 1.6 ab	19.28± 0.98 bc	23.75± 1.08 a	6.66± 0.54 d	15.67± 1.22 c

因子 factor	落叶树种 deciduous species					常绿树种 evergreen tree species
因子 factor	Ca	Dk	Tc	Ps	Ct	Na	Ss	Aw	Mn
导水率hydraulic conductivity	-0.455	-0.323	0.375	0.268	0.251	-0.357	0.058	-0.387	0.085
比导率specific conductivity	-0.301	-0.103	0.005	0.112	0.039	-0.357	0.248	0.286	-0.003
胡伯尔值Huber value	0.201	0.257	-0.119	-0.269	0.294	-0.035	-0.387	-0.262	-0.128
导管面积vessel area	-0.074	0.209	-0.233	-0.058	0.042	0.008	-0.083	0.137	0.127
导管直径vessel diameter	0.392	-0.081	0.001	-0.110	0.495	0.471	0.457	-0.175	-0.058
导管水力直径hydraulic diameter of vessel	-0.198	-0.007	0.522^*	0.362	0.318	-0.001	-0.434	-0.523^*	0.169
导管密度density of vessel	0.289	-0.415	-0.011	-0.034	0.136	-0.279	0.543^*	0.002	-0.308
管胞壁厚度wall thickness of vessel	-0.449	0.032	-0.063	0.239	0.084	0.212	0.356	0.298	-0.404

生长习性 growth habit	树种代码 species code	平均导管直径/μm average vessel diameter	函数值 U	排序 rank	生长习性 growth habit	树种代码 species code	平均导管直径/μm average vessel diameter	函数值 U	排序 rank
落叶 deciduous species	Ct	24.10	0.48	5	常绿 evergreen tree species	Mn	21.28	0.19	8
	Ps	32.58	0.55	4		Aw	24.51	0.11	9
	Ca	48.27	0.85	1		Ss	25.93	0.25	7
	Tc	42.32	0.70	2		Na	26.91	0.44	6
	Dk	33.31	0.51	3

喀斯特原生林9个树种水力学性状与解剖结构对树干液流的影响

Effects of hydraulics and anatomical structure on sap flow of nine tree species in Karst primary forest

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