松花江百里生态长廊生境网络构建研究

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202302013

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (4): 261-270.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202302013

松花江百里生态长廊生境网络构建研究

赵志强¹^,²^,³(), 方昊⁴, 袁青¹^,²^,^*(), 吴妍⁴^,^*()

1.哈尔滨工业大学建筑学院,黑龙江哈尔滨 150006
2.自然资源部寒地国土空间规划与生态保护修复重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨 150006
3.哈尔滨市城乡规划设计研究院,黑龙江哈尔滨 150010
4.东北林业大学园林学院,黑龙江哈尔滨 150040

收稿日期:2023-02-12 修回日期:2023-05-12 出版日期:2024-07-30 发布日期:2024-08-05
通讯作者: *袁青(hityuanqing@hit.edu.cn),教授,负责选题审核和理论分析指导;
吴妍(wuyan@nefu.edu.cn),副教授,负责数据整理和分析指导。
作者简介:
赵志强(abc551@126.com),正高级工程师,博士生。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(52278056)

Research on the construction of ecological corridor habitat network in Songhua River

ZHAO Zhiqiang¹^,²^,³(), FANG Hao⁴, YUAN Qing¹^,²^,^*(), WU Yan⁴^,^*()

1. School of Architecture, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, China
2. Key Laboratory of National Territory Spatial Planning and Ecological Restoration in Cold Regions,Ministry of Natural Resources,Harbin 150006, China
3. Harbin Institute of Urban and Rural Planning and Design, Harbin 150010, China
4. School of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China

Received:2023-02-12 Revised:2023-05-12 Online:2024-07-30 Published:2024-08-05

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】松花江百里生态长廊生态环境多样、生物资源丰富,研究其生境网络构建与分级,有助于提升区域内的生物多样性和生态健康稳定性。【方法】以松花江百里生态长廊为研究对象,首先识别区域生境类型,并基于InVEST分析评估区域内生境质量状况;其次,基于焦点物种的生境适宜性分析和电路理论识别生境源地、生境廊道和生境节点,并共同构成研究区域内的生境网络;最后基于电流密度划分源地和廊道的重要等级。【结果】①松花江百里生态长廊有23类生境,生境类型丰富,同时有44.31%的区域生境质量较高;②区域内共识别82个生境源地、147条生境廊道和57个生境节点,共同构成研究区域的生境网络。③根据电流密度划分等级,其中一级生境源地有7个,面积共484.82 km²,基本位于大型自然保护区内;一级生境廊道有14条,长度共7 560 m,主要分布在松花江干流上,且廊道长度相对较短。【结论】松花江百里生态长廊总体生境状况较好,但仍需注意城市快速发展带来的生态威胁,做好发展与保护的协调工作,如:通过生境源地分级与扩充,保护并新增生境源地;通过生境廊道分级管控与疏通,保护提升廊道连通性;通过生境节点修复与新增,为生物迁徙提供“踏脚石”等,进一步优化生境网络。

关键词: 生境网络, 生境质量, 焦点物种, 电路理论, 松花江流域

Abstract:

【Objective】The hundred-mile ecological corridor of the Songhua River is a diverse environment with abundant biological resources. Studying the construction and classification of its habitat network is crucial for enhancing regional biodiversity and ecological stability.【Method】Using the Songhua River Ecological Corridor as a case study, we first identified regional habitat types and assessed habitat quality using the InVEST analysis. We then pinpointed habitat sources, habitat corridors, and habitat nodes based on habitat suitability analysis for focal species and circuit theory, forming a comprehensive habitat network. Lastly, we classified the importance levels of sources and corridors based on current density.【Result】(1) The corridor features 23 habitat types; 44.31% of the areas are classified as having high habitat quality. (2) The habitat network consists of 82 sources, 147 corridors and 57 nodes. (3) Analysis of current density revealed seven primary habitat sources covering 484.82 km², primarily in large nature reserves, and 14 first-class habitat corridors totaling 7 560 meters, mainly along the main stream of the Songhua River, though the corridors are relatively short.【Conclusion】The habitat conditions in the Songhua River ecological corridor are generally favorable. However, attention must be given to ecological threats posed by rapid urban development. Effective strategies include classifying and expanding habitat sources, managing and enhancing corridor connectivity, and restoring and adding habitat nodes. These measures will optimize the habitat network and facilitate biological migration, providing essential “Stepping stones.”

Key words: habitat network, habitat quality, focal species, circuit theory, Songhua River basin

中图分类号:

TU985
S731

赵志强,方昊,袁青,等. 松花江百里生态长廊生境网络构建研究[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2024, 48(4): 261-270.

ZHAO Zhiqiang, FANG Hao, YUAN Qing, WU Yan. Research on the construction of ecological corridor habitat network in Songhua River[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2024, 48(4): 261-270.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202302013.

图/表 7

表1

表2

表3

松花江百里生态长廊焦点物种生境适宜性评价体系"

物种 species	影响因素类型 types of influencing factors		分级/分类 grading/classification	分值 score	权重 weight
苍鹭(heron) Ardea cinerea	自然因素 natural factor	生境类型 habitat type	湖泊、水库、森林沼泽、灌丛沼泽、草本沼泽、滩涂、乔木林地	9	0.53
			河流、坑塘、沟渠、灌木林地、其他林地、其他草地、水田	7
			天然牧草地、公园与绿地、园地	5
			旱地、交通道路用地、裸土地	3
			住宅用地、工矿用地、其他建设用地	1
		海拔/m altitude	<100	9
			[100,200)	5	0.05
			[200,270)	1
		至水源距离/m distance to water	[0,200)	9
			[200,500)	5	0.24
			>500	1
	人为干扰因素 human interference factor	至城乡建设用地距离/m distance to urban and rural construction land	≥2 000	9
			[1 000,2 000)	5	0.07
			[0,1 000)	1
		至主要交通干道距离/m distance to main road	≥500	9
			[100,500)	5	0.11
			[0,100)	1
绿头鸭(mallard dark) Anas platyrhynchos	自然因素 natural factor	生境类型 habitat type	河流、湖泊、水库、坑塘、森林沼泽、灌丛沼泽、草本沼泽、水田	9	0.55
			沟渠、滩涂	7
			乔木林地、灌木林地、其他林地、天然牧草地、其他草地、公园与绿地、旱地、园地	5
			交通道路用地、裸土地	3
			住宅用地、工矿用地、其他建设用地	1
		至水源距离/m distance to water	[0,50)	9
			[50,100)	5	0.27
			≥100	1
	人为干扰因素	至城乡建设用地距离/m distance to urban and rural construction land	≥1 000	9
			[400,1 000)	5	0.12
			[0,400)	1
		至主要交通干道距离/m distance to main road	≥150	9
			[60,150)	5	0.06
			[0,60)	1
环颈雉 (ring-neeked pheasant) Phasianus colchicus	自然因素 natural factor	生境类型 habitat type	草本沼泽、乔木林地、灌木林地、天然牧草地、其他草地、旱地	9	0.45
			灌丛沼泽、其他林地、园地	7
			坑塘、沟渠、森林沼泽、滩涂、公园与绿地、水田	5
			住宅用地、交通道路用地、裸地	3
			河流、湖泊、水库、工矿用地、其他建设用地	1
		至水源距离/m distance to water	[0,100)	9
			[100,300)	5	0.08
			≥300	1
		至林地距离/m distance to forest	[0,300)	9
			[300,500)	5	0.29
			≥500	1
	人为干扰因素 human interference factor	至城乡建设用地距离/m distance to urban and rural construction land	≥1 500	9
			[300,1 500)	5	0.05
			[0,300)	1
		至主要交通干道距离/m distance to main road	≥500	9
			[300,500)	5	0.13
			[0,300)	1

表3

图1

图2

图3

图4

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威胁源 threat sources	权重 weight	最大影响距离/km maximum distance	衰退类型 type of decay
农田farmland	0.2	5	线性
住宅用地residential land	0.8	10	指数性
工矿用地industrial and mining land	1.0	12	指数性
其他建设用地other construction land	0.8	10	指数性
交通道路用地traffic roads land	0.6	3	线性
裸地bare land	0.4	6	线性

生境类型 habitat type	生境适宜度 habitat suitability	相对敏感度relative sensitivity
生境类型 habitat type	生境适宜度 habitat suitability	农田 farmland	住宅用地 residential land	工矿用地 industrial and mining land	其他建设用地 other construction land	交通道路用地 traffic roads land	裸地 bare land
水田paddy field	0.75	0.30	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.30	0.40
旱地dry land	0.60	0.30	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.20	0.40
乔木林地arbor land	0.90	0.80	0.80	0.40	0.80	0.60	0.50
灌木林地shrub land	0.90	0.50	0.90	0.80	0.80	0.70	0.55
园地garden plot	0.50	0.30	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.20	0.40
其他林地other forest land	0.75	0.80	0.80	0.60	0.60	0.70	0.50
天然牧草地natural grassland	0.80	0.50	0.60	0.50	0.50	0.40	0.40
其他草地other grassland	0.70	0.45	0.45	0.40	0.50	0.40	0.40
河流river	0.95	0.70	0.80	0.90	0.80	0.50	0.40
湖泊lake	0.95	0.70	0.90	0.90	0.80	0.50	0.40
水库reservoir	0.90	0.65	0.90	0.90	0.85	0.50	0.40
坑塘pit pond	0.90	0.65	0.85	0.85	0.85	0.50	0.40
沟渠ditch	0.70	0.75	0.85	0.90	0.80	0.60	0.40
森林沼泽forest swamp	0.95	0.80	0.70	0.70	0.50	0.50	0.50
灌丛沼泽scrub swamp	0.90	0.80	0.70	0.85	0.60	0.70	0.50
草本沼泽herbaceous swamp	0.95	0.80	0.70	0.85	0.60	0.50	0.50
滩涂tidal flat	0.7	0.85	0.75	0.90	0.70	0.50	0.40
住宅用地residential land	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
工矿用地industrial and mining land	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
交通道路用地traffic roads land	0.15	0	0	0	0	0	0
公园与绿地park and green space	0.60	0.30	0.30	0.40	0.20	0.20	0.20
其他建设用地other construction land	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
裸地bare land	0.30	0.10	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.20	0.20

松花江百里生态长廊生境网络构建研究

Research on the construction of ecological corridor habitat network in Songhua River

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