【目的】了解冬青种质资源叶表型多样性,揭示冬青种质资源的表型多样性机理,为引种栽培与品种选育提供依据。【方法】对42份冬青种质资源的18个表型性状进行测定,通过差异分析、方差分析、主成分分析和聚类分析研究其表型变异。【结果】冬青种质资源叶表型性状变异较大,尤其是叶面积;Shannon多样性指数变化范围为1.00~2.03;冬青种质资源叶表型性状变异丰富,变异主要来源于种间。相关性分析发现,各性状之间存在显著相关,叶片外部性状与叶片解剖性状呈显著负相关;通过主成分分析提取了叶长、叶片紧实度、栅栏组织和气孔密度4个主成分,累计贡献率为85.20%,基本能反映冬青属植物的总体性状表现;聚类分析将42份冬青种质资源分为大叶-大叶柄类、小叶-小叶柄类、中叶-叶硬锯齿类和中叶-叶薄纸质类4大类群。【结论】冬青种质资源叶表型性状变异丰富,属内变异主要来源于物种间。叶片外部性状是冬青种质资源表型分化的主要因素;叶长、叶片紧实度、栅栏组织和气孔密度是划分冬青种质资源的4个主导因子,可作为冬青种质资源的分类鉴定依据。本研究可为冬青属植物的分类、资源利用和栽培繁育提供理论参考。

【Objective】 This study aims to understand the leaf phenotypic diversity of holly (Ilex spp.) germplasm resources, elucidate the mechanisms behind this diversity, and support the introduction, cultivation and breeding of new varieties. 【Method】 We observed 18 phenotypic traits across 42 holly germplasm resources and analyzed the phenotypic variation using differential analysis, variance analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and cluster analysis. 【Result】 There was significant variation in the leaf phenotypic traits among the holly germplasm resources, particularly in leaf area. The Shannon diversity index ranged from 1.00 to 2.03, indicating rich phenotypic diversity primarily due to interspecies variation. Correlation analysis showed a significant negative relationship between external leaf traits and anatomical traits. PCA identified four principal components, namely leaf length, tissue compactness, palisade tissue thickness, and stomatal density, that accounted for 85.20% of the variation, effectively capturing the overall characteristics of the holly plants. Cluster analysis grouped the 42 resources into four categories based on their leaf traits: large leaf with large petiole, small leaf with small petiole, medium leaf with hard serrations, and medium leaf with thin texture. 【Conclusion】 The study confirms substantial intrageneric phenotypic diversity in holly, driven predominantly by interspecies differences. External leaf traits were pivotal in phenotypic differentiation. The identified principal components, namely leaf length, compactness, palisade structure, and stomatal density, are crucial for classifying and identifying holly germplasm resources. Based on the leaf phenotypes, the resources were categorized into four distinct groups, providing a theoretical foundation for further classification, resource utilization, and breeding within the genus Ilex L.