【目的】明确四川马边大风顶自然保护区大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)主食竹的空间分布规律,为大熊猫栖息地的恢复和生态廊道建设提供科学参考。【方法】2022年5—10月,在马边大风顶自然保护区内布设103条样线,设置1 600个样方,调查大熊猫主食竹的分布面积、垂直分布范围、盖度、竹子密度、基径、高度等信息,以及每种大熊猫主食竹的人类干扰情况,采用克里金插值法分析竹子的盖度、竹子密度、基径、高度及放牧、采笋干扰的情况,并运用单因素方差分析比较不同竹子生长指标是否具有显著差异。【结果】保护区内分布有大熊猫主食竹11种,分别是八月竹(Chimonobambusa szechuanensis)、方竹(C. quadrangularis)、筇竹(C. tumidissinoda)、大叶筇竹(C. macrophylla)、实竹子(C. rigidula)、雷波玉山竹(Yushania leiboensis)、斑壳玉山竹(Yushania maculata)、马边玉山竹(Yushania mabianensis)、熊竹(Yushania ailuropodina)、大风顶玉山竹(Yushania dafengdingensis)、冷箭竹(Arundinaria faberi)。其中,分布面积以冷箭竹最大(140.44 km²),其次是八月竹(55.78 km²)和大风顶玉山竹(51.88 km²)。主食竹呈现明显的垂直分布特征,11种竹的海拔由低到高依次为,方竹(956~2 081 m)、雷波玉山竹(1 499~1 732 m)、八月竹(1 153~2 463 m)、筇竹(1 360~2 531 m)、实竹子(1 555~2 535 m)、斑壳玉山竹(1 601~2 573 m)、大叶筇竹(1 991~2 861 m)、马边玉山竹(2 306~2 480 m)、大风顶玉山竹(2 250~2 920 m)、熊竹(2 680~2 755 m)、冷箭竹(1 901~3 665 m)。马边玉山竹和大叶筇竹具有较高的竹林盖度,大叶筇竹和冷箭竹具有较高的竹子密度,方竹和实竹子的基径较大,实竹子、方竹和八月竹的高度较高。竹林中存在强烈的放牧和采笋等人为干扰活动。【结论】马边大风顶自然保护区大熊猫主食竹种类丰富,竹林面积大,垂直分布明显,能满足大熊猫的取食需求,但竹林长期存在强烈的放牧和采笋等人为干扰,有必要采取相应的管理措施。

【Objective】This study aims to elucidate the spatial distribution of bamboo, the staple food of giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), in Mabian Dafengding Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province, China, and provide a scientific reference for restoring the habitats of giant panda and formulating plans for the construction of an ecological corridor.【Method】A total of 103 transects and 1 600 quadrats were established in Mabian Dafengding Nature Reserve from May to October 2022 for investigating the area of distribution, vertical distribution range, coverage, density, basal diameter, and height of the different species of bamboo. The forest habitat and extent of anthropogenic disturbance were additionally surveyed for each species of bamboo. The distribution of bamboo coverage, density, basal diameter, height, livestock grazing, and collection of bamboo shoots were analyzed using the Kriging interpolation method. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine whether there were significant differences among the growth indices of the different species of bamboo. 【Result】There were 11 species of bamboo in the reserve that served as the staple food of giant panda, including Chimonobambusa szechuanensis, C. quadrangularis, C. tumidissinoda, C. macrophylla, C. rigidula, Yushania leiboensis, Y. maculata, Y. mabianensis, Y. ailuropodina, Y. dafengdingensis and Arundinaria faberi. A. faberi had the largest area of distribution (140.44 km²), followed by C. szechuanensis (55.78 km²), and Y. dafengdingensis (51.88 km²). There were obvious differences in the vertical distribution characteristics of the different species of bamboo, which were the following ascending order: C. quadrangularis (956-2 081 m), Y. leiboensis (1 499-1 732 m), C. szechuanensis (1 153-2 463 m), C. tumidissinoda (1 360-2 531 m), Q. rigidula (1 555-2 535 m), Y. maculate (1 601-2 573 m), C. macrophylla (1 991-2 861 m), Y. mabianensis (2 306-2 480 m), Y. dafengdingensis (2 250-2 920 m), Y. ailuropodina (2 680-2 755 m), and A. faberi (1 901-3 665 m). The canopy cover of Y. mabianensis and Q. macrophylla, and the density of Q. macrophylla and B. faberi were higher than those of the other species. The culm diameters of C. quadrangularis and Q. rigidula, and the culm heights of Q. rigidula, C. quadrangularis and C. szechuanensis were greater than those of the other species. Anthropogenic disturbance due to livestock grazing and the collection of bamboo shoots was evident in the bamboo forests. 【Conclusion】 Bamboo, the staple food of giant pandas, was abundantly and continually distributed in the Mabian Dafengding Nature Reserve, with a distinct vertical distribution pattern that can satisfy the dietary needs of giant pandas. However, long-term anthropogenic disturbance due to livestock grazing and the collection of bamboo shoots can severely affected the consumption of bamboo by giant pandas. It is therefore crucial to implement appropriate measures for the management of bamboo forests in Mabian Dafengding Nature Reserve.