【目的】研究半干旱代表性地区高压喷雾空气加湿引起的微气候变化,为分析湿度改变对植物生长的影响提供研究基础。【方法】通过在内蒙古锡林郭勒地区建立加湿试验平台,以樟子松(Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica)为研究对象,在高透光塑料薄膜的开顶式围封内以高压喷雾及灌溉的方式进行空气与土壤加湿处理,对各处理的空气及土壤温湿度进行连续观测,分析空气与土壤加湿对植物生长微气候的影响。【结果】在2019和2020年樟子松生长季空气加湿均使日均空气湿度显著增加(14.18%、7.20%),日均饱和水汽压亏缺显著降低(3.74、1.98 hPa),20 cm土层含水率显著增加(2.31%、3.33%),但空气加湿总体上使空气温湿度的日变化幅度减小,对气温以及土壤温度无显著影响。土壤水分添加在2019和2020年生长季使20 cm土层含水率显著增加(2.31%、3.65%),仅在2020年生长季使日均空气湿度显著增加4.62%,对气温和土壤温度影响未达到显著水平。【结论】在不显著影响日均气温以及土壤温度的前提下,空气加湿显著提高了空气湿度与土壤含水率,显著降低了饱和水汽压亏缺,验证了在野外利用高压喷雾进行空气湿度控制实验的可行性。

【Objective】This study aims to examine the microclimate changes induced by high-pressure spray air humidification devices in typical semi-arid regions, providing a basis for understanding the effects of humidity variations on plant growth.【Method】Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica was selected as the study species. High-pressure spraying and irrigation manipulations were applied in an open-top enclosure using a high-transmittance plastic film to establish a field humidification platform in Xilin Gol, Inner Mongolia. Continuous monitoring of air and soil temperature and humidity was conducted for each treatment. The effects of air and soil humidification on the plant growth microclimate were then analyzed.【Result】During the growing seasons of 2019 and 2020, air humidification significantly increased the average daily air humidity by 14.18% and 7.20%, respectively, and reduced the average daily vapor pressure deficit by 3.74 and 1.98. Additionally, it significantly raised the soil moisture content at a depth of 20 cm by 2.31% and 3.33%, respectively. However, air humidification did not significantly affect air temperature and soil temperature. The application of air humidification generally reduced the diurnal fluctuations of both air temperature and humidity. Soil water addition significantly increased the soil moisture content at a 20 cm depth during both growing seasons (2.31% in 2019 and 3.65% in 2020) and increased the average daily air moisture by 4.62% in the 2020 growing season. However, it did not significantly affect air temperature and soil temperature.【Conclusion】Air humidification notably increased the average daily air humidity and soil water content while reducing the vapor pressure deficit. However, it did not significantly influence the daily average air temperature and soil temperature. These findings confirm the practicality of using high-pressure spray air humidification in field experiments.