【目的】识别云南省国家级自然保护区的多元功能状态和等级结构,明晰其功能成效和优化路径,为建立以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系的空间布局和集群化管理提供思路。【方法】以完整分布于云南省的20处国家级自然保护区为对象,基于“压力-状态-响应”模型(pressure-state-response,PSR)构建功能评价体系,采用熵值法评价功能等级,运用位序-规模法则和耦合协调度模型解析功能等级结构、归纳功能结构类型。【结果】云南省国家级自然保护区当前功能整体发育不均,需处理好功能间的协同演化关系;Zipf指数分析表明,云南省国家级自然保护区功能等级符合位序-规模法则呈均衡发展形态,尚未有具备绝对优势的功能项,各单体保护区仍需推进自身优势功能项发展;云南省国家级自然保护区功能结构整体呈较高强度耦合、严重失调状态,个体间差异较大,可分为一般发展型、一般滞后型和严重滞后型。【结论】生态本底和经济社会条件的相互作用是造成研究区功能结构异化的重要原因,未来应完善省级尺度的自然保护地动态监测网络,按照“综合-特色”原则,以功能发育较好的国家级自然保护区为中心,合并优化相邻自然保护区升级建设国家公园,以推进云南省自然保护地功能的有序发展、协同建设。

【Objective】Identifying the multifunctional status and hierarchical structure of national nature reserves in Yunnan Province can clarify their functional effectiveness and optimization paths while also providing ideas for establishing the spatial layout and cluster management of the nature reserve system, with national parks as the primary focus.【Method】Based on the functional evaluation system constructed using the pressure-state-response model, which considered the 20 national nature reserves distributed in Yunnan Province as subjects. The entropy value method was utilized to classify the functional levels. At the same time, the order-size law and the coupling coordination degree model were applied to analyze the structure of the functional levels and summarized the types of functional structures. 【Result】The national nature reserves in Yunnan Province exhibited inconsistent progress in their current roles, necessitating a coordinated evolution of these functions. The Zipf index indicated that the functions of Yunnan Province's national nature reserves align with the principle of positional order scale, characterized by uniform development. However, the functional items did not reach a definitive edge, highlighting the need to create beneficial functional items within a single protected area. The national nature reserves in Yunnan Province demonstrated a more intense coupling, significant state dysfunction, and a singular protected area’s coupling strength function. The extent of coordination among these variations could be categorized into generally developed, generally lagging, and severely lagging types. 【Conclusion】A primary reason for the heterogeneity in the functional structure of the study area is the interplay between ecological context and economic and social conditions. Future work should focus on enhancing the dynamic nature reserve monitoring network at the provincial level, which aligns with the principle of “synthesis and special characteristics”. Better-developed national nature reserves should be utilized as a central point to merge and optimize the construction of national parks by modernizing adjacent nature reserves. This approach aims to foster the orderly development of nature reserve functions in Yunnan Province and facilitate the synergistic building of nature reserves.