配方施肥对无患子幼树光合特性和生长的影响

刘俊涛, 贾黎明, 闫小莉, 张卫华, 蔡婉婷, 仲静, 王立宪, 曹秋丽, 赵鹏丽, 陈义勇, 余佳欣, 陈娜, 翁学煌

南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (6) : 23-33.

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）
PDF(1752 KB)
南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (6) : 23-33. DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202303013
专题报道：乡村振兴视域下的生物质能源树种无患子研究专题（执行主编 李维林 方升佐 贾黎明）

配方施肥对无患子幼树光合特性和生长的影响

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Effect of variations in fertilization formula on the photosynthetic characteristics and growth of young Sapindus saponaria

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文章历史 +

摘要

【目的】探究氮磷钾配施对无患子(Sapindus saponaria)‘媛华’和‘粤硕菩提’生长和光合特性的影响,为无患子优良品种科学施肥提供理论依据。【方法】以无患子品种‘媛华’和‘粤硕菩提’为试验材料,采用“3414”大田试验方法,研究不同 N、P 和K配方施肥处理(0.N、P、K均不施肥;1.N肥75 kg/hm2,P肥45 kg/hm2,K肥20 kg/hm2;2.N肥150 kg/hm2,P肥90 kg/hm2,K肥40 kg/hm2;3.N肥225 kg/hm2,P肥135 kg/hm2,K肥60 kg/hm2)对无患子优良品种生长和光合特性的影响。【结果】无患子‘媛华’和‘粤硕菩提’的树高以N2P1K2和N2P2K3处理效果最好,分别比对照提高28.42%和39.14%,且差异显著(P<0.05);其N1P2K1和N2P3K2处理的无患子地径最大,比对照组(N0P0K0)提高了16.11%和32.93%。不同施肥影响无患子‘媛华’树高和地径顺序为磷>氮>钾,而影响‘粤硕菩提’的树高和地径顺序为氮>钾>磷。不同施肥处理无患子‘媛华’和‘粤硕菩提’均以N2P2K2处理的净光合速率最高,较对照组显著提高了42.19%和53.01%,各处理组能提高叶片净光合速率、胞间CO2浓度和蒸腾速率、水分利用效率,但‘媛华’气孔导度变化不明显。氮肥施用量与‘媛华’和‘粤硕菩提’树高和地径均呈极显著正相关。采用熵权TOPSIS法对不同施肥处理下无患子品种‘媛华’和‘粤硕菩提’的生长和光合指标进行综合评价,‘媛华’的施肥处理以N2P1K2和N1P2K2的综合评价较好,‘粤硕菩提’的施肥处理以N1P1K2和N2P2K2较好。【结论】适当氮磷钾配施能有效促进无患子‘媛华’和‘粤硕菩提’的生长和光合特性,‘媛华’的最佳的氮磷钾肥配施方案N、P、K的施肥量分别为115.26、64.14、44.37 kg/hm2,‘粤硕菩提’的N、P、K的施肥量分别为117.90、87.65、36.11 kg/hm2。

Abstract

【Objective】The study aimed to explore the effects of the combined application of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilizers on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of the ‘Yuanhua’ and ‘Yueshuo Bodhi’ of Sapindus saponaria, and to provide a theoretical basis for the scientific fertilization of disease-free clones.【Method】Using the S. saponaria ‘Yuanhua’ and ‘Yueshuo Bodhi’ as the experimental materials, the “3414” field experimental method was used to study the effects of different N, P, and K fertilization regimes on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of the S. saponaria.【Result】The tree heights of the offspring of S. saponaria were greatest following treatment with N2P1K2 and N2P2K3, being 28.42% and 39.14% higher, respectively, than that of the control, and the differences were found to be significant (P < 0.05). The ground diameter was largest following treatment with N1P2K1 and N2P3K2, and increased by 16.11% and 32.93%, respectively, compared to that of the control (N0P0K0). The tree heights and ground diameters of the ‘Yuanhua’ were in the following order: P > N > K, under different fertilization treatments, while those of the ‘Yueshuo Bodhi’ were in the order: N > K > P. The net photosynthetic rate of the ‘Yuanhua’ and ‘Yueshuo Bodhi’ was highest following treatment with N2P2K2 under different fertilization regimes, and increased significantly by 42.19% and 53.01%, respectively, compared to that of the control. The net photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, rate of transpiration, and foliar water use efficiency of the treatment groups improved significantly; however, the stomatal conductance of the ‘Yuanhua’ did not alter significantly, and the stomatal conductance of the ‘Yueshuo Bodhi’ differed significantly, The quantity of N fertilizer applied exhibited a significant positive correlation with the tree heights and ground diameters of ‘Yuanhua’ and ‘Yueshuo Bodhi’ trees. The growth and photosynthetic indicators of the ‘Yuanhua’ and ‘Yueshuo Bodhi’ under different fertilization regimes were comprehensively evaluated using the entropy weighted TOPSIS method. The findings revealed that N2P1K2 and N1P2K2 were superior for the fertilization of ‘Yuanhua’ trees, while N1P1K2 and N2P2K2 were superior for the fertilization of the ‘Yueshuo Bodhi’.【Conclusion】The application of N, P and K at an appropriate ratio can effectively promote the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of ‘Yuanhua’ and ‘Yueshuo Bodhi’ trees. The optimal strategy for the application of N, P, and K fertilizers is that the quantities of N, P and K should be 115.26, 64.14 and 44.37 kg/hm2, respectively, for the ‘Yuanhua’, and 117.90, 87.65 and 36.11 kg/hm2, respectively, for ‘Yueshuo Bodhi’ trees.

关键词

无患子 / 氮磷钾配方施肥 / 光合作用 / 熵权TOPSIS法

Key words

Sapindus saponaria / N, P and K formula fertilization / photosynthesis / entropy weight-TOPSIS method

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刘俊涛, 贾黎明, 闫小莉, 等. 配方施肥对无患子幼树光合特性和生长的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）. 2024, 48(6): 23-33 https://doi.org/10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202303013
LIU Juntao, JIA Liming, YAN Xiaoli, et al. Effect of variations in fertilization formula on the photosynthetic characteristics and growth of young Sapindus saponaria[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY. 2024, 48(6): 23-33 https://doi.org/10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202303013
中图分类号： S718;Q89   

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国家科技基础资源调查专项(2019FY100803)
建宁县人民政府与福建农林大学共建农业科技现代化先行县重点项目(KH230122A)

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