【目的】 探究红、蓝光质对银杏(Ginkgo biloba) 苗木生长特征、形态建成和次生代谢物积累的影响,为银杏苗木选择适宜光环境,提高叶用品质研究提供理论依据。【方法】 选择1年生银杏幼苗为材料,采用发光二极管(LED)调制光源,设置红光(R)、蓝光(B)和红蓝光度比1∶1的混光(M)3个处理,以白光(W)为对照,研究红光和蓝光对银杏幼苗生长生理、光合效能及黄酮等积累的影响。【结果】 B处理可显著提高银杏苗高(P<0.05),R、M处理下苗高低于W;R、B、M处理下,银杏苗木叶生物量、总生物量及叶质量比均低于W处理;R、M处理有利于银杏生物量向根部分配,B处理则有利于生物量向茎部分配。R、B、M处理对银杏叶片形态建成作用显著,叶宽、叶面积均低于W处理;R处理促进银杏苗木叶柄显著性伸长(P<0.05)。M、B处理可显著提高银杏总叶绿素及类胡萝卜素含量,且随着光质处理时间延长,叶片叶绿素含量呈增加趋势,R处理对光合色素积累起抑制作用;R、B、M处理下,银杏苗木净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)均在84 d时达到最大值,胞间CO₂浓度(Ci)在不同处理下变化幅度较小。R、B、M处理下,银杏Pn、Tr显著低于W处理(P<0.05);Gs也在M、B处理下低于W处理。银杏叶中总黄酮含量从大到小在不同处理时期均表现为:B>M>W>R,且B、M显著高于W,R则相反(P<0.05);对银杏单株黄酮产量的测定,也发现B处理下黄酮产量相对W的提高了75.65%。【结论】 光质处理影响银杏生长,显著提高黄酮积累,蓝、红蓝混光是较为理想的光质。研究结果可为光质在叶用银杏栽培上的推广应用提供理论依据。

【Objective】 This research aims to explore the effects of red and blue light quality on growth characteristics, morphogenesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites of Ginkgo biloba seedlings, in order to provide theoretical basis for selecting suitable light environment and improving leaf quality of G. biloba seedlings.【Method】 Taking 1-year-old seedlings of G. biloba as materials, under LED conditions,three different light qualities were set, namely red light(R), multiple light (light intensity ratio of red to blue is 1∶1, M) and blue light(B),and white light(W) was used as control to explore the dynamic change rule of growth physiology, photosynthetic capacity and flavonoids accumulation.【Result】 B treatment significantly increased the seedling height(P<0.05), and which of the R and M treatment was lower than W(CK). The leaves biomass, total biomass and leaves mass ratio of G. biloba seedlings under different light quality were lower than W(CK). R and M treatment were beneficial to the distribution of the biomass to the root, while B treatment was beneficial to the distribution of biomass to the stem. The leaves morphogenesis was significantly affected by different light quality, and the leaves width and area were lower than W(CK). R treatment significantly extended the petiole (P<0.05). M and B treatment significantly increased the contents of total chlorophyll and carotenoid, while R treatment had the opposite effect, and chlorophyll content increased with the extension of light treatment time. Under different light quality, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr) and stomatal conductance (Gs) of G.boloba seedling reached the maximum value at 84 days, and intercellular CO₂ concentration(Ci) changed little under different treatments.In the same treatment group,Pn and Tr were significantly lower than W(P<0.05), Gs under M and B treatment is also lower than that under W treatment.The contents of total flavonoids in G. biloba leaves were B, M, W, R treatment from high to low,and contents of total flavonoids under B and M treatment were significantly higher than that under W treatment, while contents under R treatment were on the contrary(P<0.05). The flavonoid yield of G. biloba single plant was also determined, and it was found that the falvonoid yield under B treatment was increased 75.65% than that under W treatment.【Conclusion】 Light quality treatment affects the growth and significant increase the accumulation of flavonoids of G. biloba, B and M treatment are ideal light quality. The results can provide theoretical basis for the application of light quality in the cultivation of G. biloba.