土壤pH对入侵植物节节麦生长及竞争能力的影响

王宁; 袁美丽; 黄子轩; 刘畅; 张晓源; 田耀武

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202304014

王宁, 袁美丽, 黄子轩, 刘畅, 张晓源, 田耀武

南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2025, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (5) : 87-94.

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2025, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (5) : 87-94. DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202304014

研究论文

土壤pH对入侵植物节节麦生长及竞争能力的影响

王宁 ¹ ,
袁美丽 ² ,
黄子轩 ¹ ,
刘畅 ¹ ,
张晓源 ¹ ,
田耀武 ¹

作者信息 +

Effect of soil pH on the growth and competitiveness of invasive plant Aegilops tauschii

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

【目的】节节麦(Aegilops tauschii)是我国冬小麦种植区危害最重的恶性杂草之一,研究土壤pH对其生长及竞争能力的影响,为构建其扩散蔓延的预警机制提供参考。【方法】采用盆栽试验,利用de Wit替代系列方法,对比研究不同土壤pH(7.5、7.0、6.5、6.0、5.5)及种植模式(单、混种)下竞争性植物节节麦与小麦(Triticum aestivum )的幼苗形态特征、生理生化指标及竞争能力的差异。【结果】①双因素方差分析结果表明,不同土壤pH对幼苗的株高、叶面积及总生物量影响显著;②随着土壤pH的下降,幼苗的株高、叶面积及总生物量随之下降,表明生长受到了抑制。而当pH下降至5.5时,节节麦株高、叶面积及总生物量的降幅均显著低于小麦,表明节节麦的适应能力强于小麦;③随着pH下降,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及脯氨酸含量呈上升趋势,但随着pH持续降低(pH从6.0降至5.5),相对电导率及硫代巴比妥酸(TBARS)含量均显著增加,可能与低pH加剧了细胞膜损伤有关。④竞争力指标[相对产量(Y_R)、相对产量总和(Y_RT)、竞争平衡指数(I_CB)]表明,节节麦在不同pH条件下的竞争能力均高于小麦,其I_CB随pH的下降呈先升后降的趋势。【结论】节节麦能够通过调整形态结构、生物量分配模式及生理特征以适应土壤pH下降,且在试验pH范围内(5.5~7.5),其抗逆性及竞争能力均大于小麦。

Abstract

【Objective】 Aegilops tauschii, has emerged as one of the most detrimental weed threatening winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) production systems across China. This study investigates the morphological and physiological adaptation mechanisms of A. tauschii under soil acidification stress, aiming to establish a scientific foundation for early warning systems and ecological management strategies against its invasive expansion.【Method】A controlled pot experiment was conducted using de Wit’s replacement series design to systematically compare seedling morphological characteristics, physiological-biochemical responses, and interspecific competitiveness between A. tauschii and wheat. Five soil pH gradients (7.5, 7.0, 6.5, 6.0, 5.5) and two planting patterns (monoculture and mixed planting) were established. 【Result】(1) Two-way ANOVA analysis revealed that different soil pH levels significantly affected seedling height, leaf area, and total biomass. (2) As soil pH decreased, seedling height, leaf area, and total biomass also decreased, indicating inhibited growth. However, when the pH decreased to 5.5, the reductions in seedling height, leaf area, and total biomass were significantly lower in A. tauschii than in wheat, suggesting a superior adaptation capacity of A. tauschii to low pH. (3) As pH decreased, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and proline content tended to increase. However, with a further decrease in pH (pH 6.0-5.5), relative electrical conductivity and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) content significantly increased, potentially due to exacerbated cell membrane damage at low pH. (4) Competitive indices (relative yield, relative yield total, and competition coefficient) indicated that A. tauschii consistently exhibited higher competitive abilities than wheat across all pH conditions. The competition coefficient (CB) of A. tauschii initially increased and then decreased with declining pH. 【Conclusion】A. tauschii demonstrates a capacity to adapt to decreasing soil pH through adjustments in morphological structure, biomass allocation patterns, and physiological characteristics. Within the experimental pH range (5.5-7.5), its stress resistance and competitive ability consistently exceeded that those of wheat.

导出引用

王宁, 袁美丽, 黄子轩, 等. 土壤pH对入侵植物节节麦生长及竞争能力的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）. 2025, 49(5): 87-94 https://doi.org/10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202304014

WANG Ning, YUAN Meili, HUANG Zixuan, et al. Effect of soil pH on the growth and competitiveness of invasive plant Aegilops tauschii[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY. 2025, 49(5): 87-94 https://doi.org/10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202304014

中图分类号： S451;S512.1;S718

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