蒸汽爆破对杜仲叶水提液活性成分、抗氧化活性及香气组分的影响

周昀菲; 杜庆鑫; 王志勇; 王璐; 王雁; 刘攀峰; 孙志强

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202306002

周昀菲, 杜庆鑫, 王志勇, 王璐, 王雁, 刘攀峰, 孙志强

南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (3) : 245-256.

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (3) : 245-256. DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202306002

研究论文

蒸汽爆破对杜仲叶水提液活性成分、抗氧化活性及香气组分的影响

周昀菲 ¹^,² ,
杜庆鑫 ¹^,³ ,
王志勇 ¹^,³ ,
王璐 ¹^,³ ,
王雁 ¹^,³ ,
刘攀峰 ¹^,³ ,
孙志强 ¹^,³^,^*

作者信息 +

Steam explosion impact on the active ingredients, antioxidant activity and aroma components of the aqueous extract from Eucommia ulmoides leaves

ZHOU Yunfei ¹^,² ,
DU Qingxin ¹^,³ ,
WANG Zhiyong ¹^,³ ,
WANG Lu ¹^,³ ,
WANG Yan ¹^,³ ,
LIU Panfeng ¹^,³ ,
SUN Zhiqiang ¹^,³^,^*

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

【目的】通过分析蒸汽爆破(汽爆)后杜仲成熟叶片活性成分、抗氧化活性和香气组分变化,探究汽爆辅助制备杜仲叶茶的可行性。【方法】对比两个杜仲品种‘华仲8号’和‘华仲12号’成熟叶片的揉捻和不揉捻处理,采用2因素3水平完全试验设计,以叶片总黄酮、多酚和多糖含量确定最佳汽爆参数;采用紫外分光法和高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定叶片活性成分,测定DPPH(1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼)和ABTS[2,2-联氮-双-(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐]自由基清除率并分析叶片抗氧化活性与活性成分间的相关性;采用顶空固相微萃取/气相色谱-质谱联用法(HS-SPME/GC-MS)测定三硝基苯香气组分。【结果】依据总黄酮等含量确定最佳汽爆参数为:蒸汽压强0.45 MPa,稳压时间300 s。该条件下‘华仲8号’不揉捻和‘华仲12号’揉捻叶片处理总黄酮和多酚含量较对照分别提高10.87和21.51倍,多酚含量较对照分别提高1.14和0.87倍,环烯醚萜类等6种活性成分含量均极显著提高(P<0.01)。其中‘华仲8号’不揉捻和‘华仲12号’揉捻处理叶片的京尼平苷酸较对照分别提高了0.88和1.23倍,绿原酸较对照分别提高0.45和0.31倍,没食子酸甲酯较对照分别提高10.41和8.06倍。汽爆后杜仲叶抗氧化活性均极显著提高,‘华仲8号’不揉捻强于‘华仲12号’揉捻处理;IC₅₀值与京尼平苷酸、车叶草苷、绿原酸等含量均呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。叶片挥发性化合物中产生了苯甲醇和β-环柠檬醛等芳香物质,具有花香气味的酮类占比最高,相对含量提高了1.93~3.38倍。【结论】蒸汽爆破处理显著提高了杜仲成熟叶水提液的活性成分水溶率和抗氧化活性,其芳香类物质种类增加且含量提高。鉴于目前国内绿叶杜仲资源量远高于红叶杜仲,本研究所提出的杜仲成熟叶片萎凋后直接蒸汽爆破简化了制茶工艺步骤,有效降低了绿叶杜仲茶生产成本,为规模化的杜仲叶加工利用提供了新思路。

Abstract

【Objective】 To evaluate the feasibility of manufacturing Eucommia ulmoides leaf tea via steam explosion (SE), the changes of active ingredients, antioxidant activity and aroma components were compared between tea produced using E. ulmoides mature leaves with and without an SE. 【Method】 Treatments based on physically rolling or not rolling the leaves were applied using E. ulmoides ‘Huazhong 8’ and ‘Huazhong 12’ mature leaves. A two-factor, three-level complete experimental design was used to determine the optimal SE parameters according to the contents of total flavonoids, polyphenols and polysaccharides, which were determined by UV spectroscopy. The active ingredients were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The antioxidant activity of the samples was assessed using 1,1-diphenyl-2-trinitrophenylhydrazine (DPPH) and 2,2'-diazo-di(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diamine salt (ABTS) radical scavenging assays. Additionally, the correlation between the active ingredients of the samples and antioxidant activity was analyzed. The aroma components were determined by headspace solid-phase microextraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS). 【Result】 The optimal SE parameters were a pressure of 0.45 MPa and retention time of 300 s. Under these conditions, the total flavonoid and polyphenol contents of ‘Huazhong 8’ and ‘Huazhong 12’ were increased by 10.87 and 21.51, and 1.14 and 0.87-fold compared with the control, respectively. The contents of six active ingredients increased significantly (P < 0.01), with chlorogenic acid and gallic acid increased by 31.31% and 30.72%, respectively and methyl ester increased by 10.41 and 8.06-fold in non-twisted ‘Huazhong 8’ and twisted ‘Huazhong 12’ compared with the control, respectively. Overall, the antioxidant activity of mature E. ulmoides leaves was enhanced significantly with an SE, in which the antioxidant activity of non-twisted ‘Huazhong 8’ was greater than that of twisted ‘Huazhong 12’. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) was negatively correlated with the contents of kynurenine, carnoside, and chlorogenic acid (P<0.05). Aromatic substances such as benzyl alcohol and β-cyclocitral were generated from the volatile compounds. 【Conclusion】 An SE treatment significantly improved the water solubility and antioxidant activity of the active ingredients of the aqueous extract of mature E. ulmoides leaves, with an increase in the type and content of aromatic substances. Because the resource availability of green-leaved E. ulmoides is much greater than that of red-leaved E. ulmoides at present, our results suggest that mature E. ulmoides leaves without a physical twisting treatment prior to an SE would result in a simplified tea-making process and effectively reduce the production cost of E. ulmoides green leaf tea, providing novel ideas for the large-scale processing and utilization of E. ulmoides leaves.

导出引用

周昀菲, 杜庆鑫, 王志勇, 等. 蒸汽爆破对杜仲叶水提液活性成分、抗氧化活性及香气组分的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）. 2024, 48(3): 245-256 https://doi.org/10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202306002

ZHOU Yunfei, DU Qingxin, WANG Zhiyong, et al. Steam explosion impact on the active ingredients, antioxidant activity and aroma components of the aqueous extract from Eucommia ulmoides leaves[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY. 2024, 48(3): 245-256 https://doi.org/10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202306002

中图分类号： TS272;TS201

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