基于模糊层次分析的栗子坪国家级自然保护区生态健康评价

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202306028

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2025, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (2): 212-220.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202306028

基于模糊层次分析的栗子坪国家级自然保护区生态健康评价

冯婷婷¹(), 郑阳²^,³^,⁴, 骆伟²^,³^,⁴, 代勤龙²^,³^,⁴, 李健威²^,³^,⁴, 王飞¹, 脱云飞¹^,^*()

1.西南林业大学生态与环境学院,云南昆明 650224
2.四川栗子坪国家级自然保护区管理局,四川石棉 625400
3.大熊猫小种群保护与复壮研究开放实验室,四川石棉 625400
4.栗子坪大熊猫生态与保护四川省野外科学观测研究站,四川石棉 625400

收稿日期:2023-06-28 接受日期:2024-05-08 出版日期:2025-03-30 发布日期:2025-03-28
通讯作者: *脱云飞(tyunfei@163.com),副教授。
作者简介:
冯婷婷(ftingting@163.com)。
基金资助:
四川省栗子坪国家级自然保护区陆生动物生境调查研究(2021ZD0125);国家自然科学基金项目(51979134);国家自然科学基金项目(51779113);2021年度云南省农业联合专项面上项目(202101BD070001-077);云南省基础研究重点项目(CB22052C055A);云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(2021J0164);云南省重大科技项目(202102AE090042);昆明市重大科技项目(2021JH002)

Ecological health assessment based on fuzzy analytic hierarchy process: a case study of Liziping National Nature Reserve

FENG Tingting¹(), ZHENG Yang²^,³^,⁴, LUO Wei²^,³^,⁴, DAI Qinlong²^,³^,⁴, LI Jianwei²^,³^,⁴, WANG Fei¹, TUO Yunfei¹^,^*()

1. College of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
2. Sichuan Liziping National Nature Reserve Administration, Shimian 625400, China
3. Open Laboratory of Shimian Research Center of Giant Panda Small Population Conservation and Rejuvenation, Shimian 625400, China
4. Liziping Giant Panda’s Ecology and Conservation Observation and Research Station of Sichuan Province, Shimian 625400, China

Received:2023-06-28 Accepted:2024-05-08 Online:2025-03-30 Published:2025-03-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】明确生态健康评价体系建立及其指标选取是自然保护区生态健康评价的关键问题,通过生态健康评价了解自然保护区生态健康状况,为改善区域生态环境提供依据。【方法】选取四川栗子坪国家级自然保护区的自然资源特性、河流生态资源、社会价值、服务管理体系和生态环境情况5个准则层,以及31个指标层建立生态健康综合评价指标体系,基于模糊层次分析法生态健康综合评价模型对自然保护区生态健康进行评价。【结果】栗子坪国家级自然保护区自然资源特性、河流生态资源、社会价值、服务管理体系和生态环境指标权重分别为0.157、0.277、0.124、0.073和0.370,其最大特征根和一致性指标分别为5.158和0.040。自然资源特性、社会价值、生态环境情况处于健康和亚健康状态的隶属度得分分别为0.687和0.218、0.504和0.373、0.608和0.212,河流生态资源处于优质和亚健康状态的隶属度分别为0.509和0.275,服务管理体系处于健康状态的隶属度为0.394。栗子坪国家级自然保护区生态健康在优质、健康、亚健康、不健康和病态隶属度评价得分分别为0.232、0.452、0.255、0.061和0,生态健康隶属度综合得分为0.452,生态健康评价结果为健康。【结论】该研究可为栗子坪国家级自然保护区生态保护及其生态环境综合治理提供科学依据与技术支撑。

关键词: 生态健康, 模糊层次分析法, 隶属度, 栗子坪国家级自然保护区

Abstract:

【Objective】The critical challenges in ecological health assessment involve establishing a comprehensive assessment system and selecting appropriate indicators. This study aims to evaluate the ecological health status of nature reserves to provide a scientific basis for improving the regional ecological environment. 【Method】This study established a comprehensive ecological health evaluation index system for the Sichuan Liziping National Nature Reserve. The system encompasses five criteria: natural resource characteristics, river ecological resources, social value, service management system, and ecological environment conditions, further subdivided into 31 specific indicators. A fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP) model was employed to evaluate the reserve’s ecological health. 【Result】The evaluation revealed the relative weights of the criteria as follows: natural resource characteristics (0.157), river ecological resources (0.277), social value (0.124), service management system (0.073), and ecological environment conditions (0.370). The maximum eigenvalue and consistency index were calculated as 5.158 and 0.040. Membership scores for natural resources, social value, and ecological environment conditions in “healthy” and “sub-healthy” states were 0.687 and 0.218, 0.504 and 0.373, 0.608 and 0.212, respectively. River ecological resources showed membership scores of 0.509 in “high quality” and 0.275 in “sub-healthy” states, while the service management system exhibited a “healthy” state membership score of 0.394. Overall, the ecological health evaluation yielded scores for “high quality” (0.232), “healthy” (0.452), “sub-healthy” (0.255), “unhealthy” (0.061), and “sick” (0) membership states. The comprehensive membership score was 0.452, categorizing the reserve’s ecological health as “healthy.” 【Conclusion】 This study offers a scientific foundation and technical guidance for ecological conservation and the integrated management of the ecological environment in the Liziping National Nature Reserve.

Key words: ecological health, fuzzy analytic hierarchy process, membership degree, Liziping National Nature Reserve

中图分类号:

TU985

冯婷婷,郑阳,骆伟,等. 基于模糊层次分析的栗子坪国家级自然保护区生态健康评价[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2025, 49(2): 212-220.

FENG Tingting, ZHENG Yang, LUO Wei, DAI Qinlong, LI Jianwei, WANG Fei, TUO Yunfei. Ecological health assessment based on fuzzy analytic hierarchy process: a case study of Liziping National Nature Reserve[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2025, 49(2): 212-220.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202306028.

图/表 5

表1

栗子坪国家级自然保护区生态健康评价指标体系与评价标准"

目标层A target layer	准则层B criterion layer	指标层C indicator layer	评价标准evaluation standard
目标层A target layer	准则层B criterion layer	指标层C indicator layer	优质 high- quality	健康 healthy	亚健康 subhealthy	不健康 unhealthy	病态 morbidity
A生态健康综合评价 comprehensive evaluation of ecological health	B₁自然资源特性	C₁水域面积/km²	≥400	[300,400)	[200,300)	(100,200)	≤100
		C₂降水量/mm	≥100	[80,100)	[60,80)	(40,60)	≤40
		C₃蒸发量/mm	<100	[100,170)	[170,240)	[240,310]	>310
		C₄河流长度/km	≥300	[250,300)	[200,250)	(150,200)	≤150
		C₅河流蜿蜒度	≥5	[3.4,5)	[2.2,3.4)	(1.6,2.2)	≤1.6
	B₂河流生态资源	C₆河岸土地利用方式	林地	草地	荒草地	裸地	沙地
		C₇河流水质	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ	Ⅴ(含劣Ⅴ类)
		C₈河流数/条	≥10	[8,10)	[6,8)	(4,6)	≤4
		C₉河岸缓冲区宽度/m	≥30	[21,30)	[12,21)	[3,12)	<3
		C₁₀河岸植被覆盖度	≥1	[0.7,1)	[0.5,0.7)	(0.3,0.5)	≤0.3
		C₁₁鱼类生物多样性	≥35	[25,35)	[15,25)	(5,15)	≤5
		C₁₂生态环境用水量/m³	>8	[6,8]	[4,6)	[2,4)	<2
	B₃社会价值	C₁₃人口自然增长率/‰	≤-9.9	(-9.9,-3.1]	(-3.1,3.8]	(3.8,10.6)	≥10.6
		C₁₄人口密度/(人·km^-2)	≤20	(20,100]	(100,200]	(200,400)	≥400
		C₁₅地区生产总值/亿元	≥200	(150,200)	(100,150]	(50,100]	≤50
		C₁₆人均GDP/万元	≥14.4	(11.7,14.4)	(7.7,11.7]	(4.4,7.7]	≤4.4
		C₁₇万元GDP用水量/m³	<50	[50,130]	(130,210]	(210,300]	>300
		C₁₈人均水资源量/m³	>40 000	[20 000,40 000]	[10 000,20 000)	[5 000,10 000)	<5 000
		C₁₉粮食作物总产量/t	>40 000	[20 000,40 000]	[10 000,20 000)	[5 000,10 000)	<5 000
	B₄服务管理体系	C₂₀区内管理人员数/人	≥43	32~42	21~31	11~20	≤10
		C₂₁区内人员业务素质	≥88	[76,88)	[64,76)	(52,64)	≤52
		C₂₂区内管理情况	≥88	[76,88)	[64,76)	(52,64)	≤52
	B₅区内生态环境特性	C₂₃土壤渗透速率/(mm·min^-1)	≥0.6	[0.5,0.6)	[0.4,0.5)	(0.3,0.4)	≤0.3
		C₂₄土壤含水率/%	≤0.3	(0.3,0.4]	(0.4,0.5]	(0.5,0.6)	≥0.6
		C₂₅土壤孔隙度/%	≥77	[65,77)	[53,65)	(40,53)	≤40
		C₂₆土壤全氮量/(g·kg^-1)	≥2	[1.5,2.0)	[1.0,1.5)	[0.75,1.0)	<0.75
		C₂₇土壤全磷量/(g·kg^-1)	≥2	[1.6,2.0)	[1.2,1.6)	[0.8,1.2)	<0.8
		C₂₈土壤有机碳含量/(g·kg^-1)	≥40	[30,40)	[20,30)	[10,20)	<10
		C₂₉植物多样性指数	≥1.83	[1.57,1.82)	[1.11,1.56)	(0.72,1.10)	≤0.72
		C₃₀动物多样性指数	≥2.5	[1.9,2.5)	[1.3,1.9)	[0.7,1.3)	≤0.7
		C₃₁生物多样性完整性	丰富	较丰富	一般	单一	匮乏

表1

表2

表3

表4

图2

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准则层 criterion layer	指标层 indicator layer	权重weights
准则层 criterion layer	指标层 indicator layer	准则层 criterion layer	指标层相对准则层 indicator layer to criterion layer	指标层相对目标层 indicator layer to target layer
	C₁		0.226	0.035
	C₂		0.196	0.031
B₁	C₃	0.157	0.125	0.020
	C₄		0.362	0.057
	C₅		0.091	0.014
	C₆		0.070	0.019
	C₇		0.350	0.097
	C₈		0.032	0.009
B₂	C₉	0.277	0.159	0.044
	C₁₀		0.106	0.029
	C₁₁		0.237	0.066
	C₁₂		0.046	0.013
	C₁₃	0.124	0.171	0.021
	C₁₄		0.123	0.015
	C₁₅		0.073	0.009
B₃	C₁₆		0.044	0.005
	C₁₇		0.210	0.026
	C₁₈		0.285	0.035
	C₁₉		0.094	0.012
	C₂₀		0.164	0.012
B₄	C₂₁	0.073	0.297	0.022
	C₂₂		0.539	0.039
	C₂₃		0.096	0.035
	C₂₄		0.071	0.026
	C₂₅		0.137	0.051
	C₂₆		0.045	0.017
B₅	C₂₇	0.370	0.032	0.012
	C₂₈		0.023	0.009
	C₂₉		0.187	0.069
	C₃₀		0.162	0.060
	C₃₁		0.246	0.091

指标层 indicator layer	区内现状值 current value in the area	隶属度membership degree
指标层 indicator layer	区内现状值 current value in the area	优质 high-quality	健康 healthy	亚健康 sub healthy	不健康 unhealthy	病态 morbidity
C₁水域面积	392.1 km²	0.421	0.579	0	0	0
C₂降水量	78.325 mm	0	0	1	0	0
C₃蒸发量	156.85 mm	0	0.688	0.312	0	0
C₄河流长度	272.3 km	0	0.946	0.054	0	0
C₅河流蜿蜒度	3.41	0	0.506	0.494	0	0
C₆河岸土地利用方式	草地	0	1	0	0	0
C₇河流水质	Ⅰ类	1	0	0	0	0
C₈河流数	7条	0	0	1	0	0
C₉河岸缓冲区宽度	30 m	1	0	0	0	0
C₁₀河岸植被覆盖度	0.62	0	0.250	0.750	0	0
C₁₁鱼类生物多样性	15种	0	0	0.500	0.500	0
C₁₂生态环境用水量	5 060 000 m³	0	0.030	0.970	0	0
C₁₃人口自然增长率	-0.13 ‰	0	0.070	0.930	0	0
C₁₄人口密度	42.6人/km²	0.218	0.783	0	0	0
C₁₅地区生产总值	102.38亿元	0	0	0.548	0.452	0
C₁₆人均GDP	89 023元	0	0	0.801	0.199	0
C₁₇万元GDP用水量	72.13 m³	0.259	0.741	0	0	0
C₁₈人均水资源量	23 099.3 m³	0	0.655	0.345	0	0
C₁₉粮食作物总产量	21 489 t	0	0.574	0.426	0	0
C₂₀区内管理人员人数	33人	0	0.591	0.409	0	0
C₂₁区内人员业务素质	82	0	1	0	0	0
C₂₂区内管理情况	78	0	0	0.417	0.583	0
C₂₃土壤渗透速率	0.49 mm/min	0	0.400	0.600	0	0
C₂₄土壤含水率	0.32%	0.300	0.700	0	0	0
C₂₅土壤孔隙度	66.66%	0	0.638	0.362	0	0
C₂₆土壤全氮量	6.13 g/kg	1	0	0	0	0
C₂₇土壤全磷量	2.08 g/kg	1	0	0	0	0
C₂₈土壤有机碳含量	42.22 g/kg	1	0	0	0	0
C₂₉植物多样性指数	1.78	0.308	0.692	0	0	0
C₃₀动物多样性指数	1.98	0	0.367	0.633	0	0
C₃₁生物多样性完整性	较丰富	0	1	0	0	0

基于模糊层次分析的栗子坪国家级自然保护区生态健康评价

Ecological health assessment based on fuzzy analytic hierarchy process: a case study of Liziping National Nature Reserve

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评语隶属度 rating affiliation	优质 high- quality	健康 healthy	亚健康 subhealthy	不健康 unhealthy	病态 morbidity
R₁	0.75	0.25	0	0	0
R₂	0.25	0.50	0.25	0	0
R₃	0	0.25	0.50	0.25	0
R₄	0	0	0.25	0.50	0.25
R₅	0	0	0	0.25	0.75

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