基于主客感知视角的南京市传统村落景观基因评价

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202307017

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2025, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (1): 255-264.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202307017

基于主客感知视角的南京市传统村落景观基因评价

李晓颖(), 王志东, 汤羽成

南京林业大学风景园林学院,江苏南京 210037

收稿日期:2023-07-17 修回日期:2024-05-15 出版日期:2025-01-30 发布日期:2025-01-21
作者简介:
李晓颖(80553765@qq.com),副教授。
基金资助:
2020年度高校哲学社会科学研究一般项目(2020SJA0154);国家重点研发计划(2019YFD1100404);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)

An landscape gene evaluation of traditional villages in Nanjing based on residents’ and tourists’ perception perspective

LI Xiaoying(), WANG Zhidong, TANG Yucheng

College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China

Received:2023-07-17 Revised:2024-05-15 Online:2025-01-30 Published:2025-01-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】在主客感知视角下量化分析居民和游客双方对传统村落景观基因评价的共性及差异,提出传统村落景观优化设计的具体策略。【方法】以南京市漆桥村为研究对象,引入景观基因理论和主客感知理论,运用景观基因理论定性分析传统村落景观基因现状,构建景观基因图谱,并以此为依据设计问卷,对双方进行景观基因感知情况调研和分析。【结果】①居民对景观基因特征感知程度由高到低依次是环境特征、文化特征、建筑特征、布局特征。②游客对景观基因特征感知程度由高到低依次是布局特征、环境特征、建筑特征、文化特征。③在居民、游客双主体感知差异方面,本地居民更加重视文化传承和发展,外来游客更加注重村落布局结构和建筑景观表达。【结论】景观基因理论为传统村落的原真性保护提供了理论指导;研究揭示了传统村落与居民、游客景观感知之间的内在联系;传统村落发展需要综合考虑居民和游客的感知诉求,并辩证看待景观感知之间的联系性和差异性。

关键词: 乡村景观, 传统村落, 景观基因, 主客感知, 原真性保护, 南京漆桥村

Abstract:

【Objective】This study aims to quantitatively analyze the commonalities and differences in the genetic evaluation of traditional village landscapes from the perspectives of residents and tourists and to propose specific strategies for optimizing the design of traditional village landscapes.【Method】The landscape gene theory and residents’ and tourists’ perception theory were introduced using Qiqiao Village in Nanjing City as the research object. The landscape gene theory was applied to qualitatively analyze the current status of traditional village landscape genes and construct a landscape gene map. Accordingly, a questionnaire was designed to investigate and analyze the landscape gene perception of residents and tourists. 【Result】(1) Residents’ perceptions of landscape gene features are ranked from high to low as environmental, cultural, architectural, and layout characteristics. (2) Tourists’ perceptions of landscape gene features are ranked from high to low as layout features, environmental, architectural, and cultural features. (3) Regarding the perceived differences between residents and tourists, local residents place greater importance on cultural inheritance and development. In contrast, foreign tourists focus more on the layout structure and architectural landscape expression of the villages. 【Conclusion】The landscape gene theory provides theoretical guidance for the authenticity protection of traditional villages. This study reveals the internal connection between traditional villages and the landscape perceptions of residents and tourists. The development of traditional villages must comprehensively consider the perceptions and demands of residents and tourists and dialectically view the connections and differences in landscape perception.

Key words: villages landscape, traditional villages, landscape genes, residents and tourists perception, authenticity protetion, Qiqiao Villages, Nanjing City

中图分类号:

TU982.29

李晓颖,王志东,汤羽成. 基于主客感知视角的南京市传统村落景观基因评价[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2025, 49(1): 255-264.

LI Xiaoying, WANG Zhidong, TANG Yucheng. An landscape gene evaluation of traditional villages in Nanjing based on residents’ and tourists’ perception perspective[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2025, 49(1): 255-264.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202307017.

图/表 5

图1

表1

图2

表2

景观基因特征感知度统计表"

感知特征 perceptual feature	景观基因(感知项) landscape genes(code)	组别 group	非常赞同 strongly agree	比较赞同 quite agree	一般 generally agree	比较不赞同 relatively disagree	非常不赞同 strongly disagree
环境特征 environmental feature	自然环境(X1)	居民组	22.78	59.41	9.90	7.92	0
		游客组	32.75	47.06	8.40	1.68	1.68
	水系布局(X2)	居民组	24.75	44.55	11.89	11.89	3.96
		游客组	19.33	41.18	24.37	6.72	0
	绿地形态(X3)	居民组	17.82	44.55	30.69	4.95	1.98
		游客组	17.65	27.73	34.45	7.56	4.20
	地理环境(X4)	居民组	8.91	48.51	35.64	6.93	0
		游客组	75.89	42.02	35.29	8.40	0
布局特征 layout feature	街巷布局(X5)	居民组	18.81	39.60	27.72	9.90	3.96
		游客组	18.49	50.42	17.65	5.04	0
	建筑布局(X6)	居民组	16.83	15.54	21.78	12.87	2.97
		游客组	12.61	56.30	17.65	1.68	0.84
	道路铺装(X7)	居民组	12.87	29.70	31.68	22.77	2.97
		游客组	24.37	36.13	18.49	10.08	2.52
建筑特征 architectural feature	建筑风格(X8)	居民组	5.94	35.64	44.55	12.87	0.99
		游客组	34.45	30.25	16.81	9.24	0.84
	建筑细部(X9)	居民组	6.93	50.50	34.65	7.92	0
		游客组	8.40	40.37	29.41	13.45	0
	建筑结构(X10)	居民组	25.74	48.51	22.78	2.97	0
		游客组	8.40	36.97	35.29	10.08	0.84
文化特征 cultural feature	历史变迁(X11)	居民组	25.74	44.55	12.87	11.89	4.95
		游客组	10.92	36.13	33.61	4.20	6.72
	宗族文化(X12)	居民组	21.78	37.62	19.80	10.89	9.90
		游客组	3.37	15.97	33.61	29.41	9.24
	文学遗传(X13)	居民组	10.89	37.62	28.71	10.89	11.89
		游客组	3.37	15.97	25.21	37.82	11.76
	宗教信仰(X14)	居民组	13.86	45.54	23.76	15.84	3.96
		游客组	0.84	13.45	20.17	42.86	14.29
	民俗活动(X15)	居民组	23.76	33.66	26.73	11.89	3.96
		游客组	7.56	13.45	19.33	31.93	19.33
	传统技艺(X16)	居民组	30.69	37.62	16.83	8.91	5.94
		游客组	1.68	19.33	15.13	39.50	15.97
	饮食文化(X17)	居民组	46.53	38.61	8.91	1.98	3.96
		游客组	7.56	21.01	15.97	36.97	10.08

表2

表3

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感知特征 perceptual feature	感知项 prceptual code	居民感知均值 residents mean value	游客感知均值 tourists mean value
环境特征 environmental feature	X1	3.97	4.17
	X2	3.80	3.80
	X3	3.71	3.51
	X4	3.59	3.50
	平均	3.77	3.75
布局特征 layout feature	X5	3.59	3.90
	X6	3.60	3.83
	X7	3.27	3.76
	平均	3.49	3.83
建筑特征 architectural feature	X8	3.33	2.04
	X9	3.56	3.48
	X10	3.97	3.46
	平均	3.62	2.99
文化特征 cultural feature	X11	3.74	3.44
	X12	3.50	2.72
	X13	3.19	2.55
	X14	3.47	2.39
	X15	3.61	2.54
	X16	3.78	2.47
	X17	4.22	2.77
	平均	3.64	2.70

基于主客感知视角的南京市传统村落景观基因评价

An landscape gene evaluation of traditional villages in Nanjing based on residents’ and tourists’ perception perspective

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变量 variable	景观基因 landscage gene	感知项代码 code	测项item
环境特征 environmental feature	自然环境	X1	整体自然环境舒适宜人
	水系布局	X2	水系环绕,池塘、河道等水系景观优美
	绿地形态	X3	绿地和植物种类丰富
	地理环境	X4	交通便利
布局特征 layout feature	街巷布局	X5	街巷空间布局合理、主次分明
	建筑布局	X6	建筑之间位置布局合理
	道路铺装	X7	道路布局合理
建筑特征 architectural feature	建筑风格	X8	建筑风格统一、形式美观
	建筑细节	X9	建筑的门、窗、屋面等外观装饰美观
	建筑结构	X10	建筑结构、材料具有地方特色
文化特征 cultural feature	历史变化	X11	村落驿道发展等历史变迁
	宗族文化	X12	孔氏文脉传承及儒家文化特色
	文学遗传	X13	相关历史传说和诗词歌赋
	宗教信仰	X14	土地庙、娘娘庙等相关宗教信仰
	民俗活动	X15	木偶戏、高腔戏等民俗活动
	传统技艺	X16	传统民俗技艺
	饮食文化	X17	特色饮食文化

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[2]	谈石柱, 黄莹莹, 郑叶静, 申亚梅, 吴晓华, 陶一舟, 徐斌, 严少君. 基于居民感知的乡村景观价值空间特征分析[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2023, 47(3): 207-216.
[3]	方炎明, 朱福远, 李垚, 李璇. 基于基因组学的栎树生物学研究进展[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2022, 46(6): 64-72.
[4]	熊星, 唐晓岚, 刘澜, 王军围. 基于“源-汇”理论的传统乡村景观安全格局构建[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2019, 43(6): 143-151.