不同林龄水杉人工林地表大型土壤动物群落特征比较研究

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202307026

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2025, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (2): 91-98.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202307026

不同林龄水杉人工林地表大型土壤动物群落特征比较研究

曹荔荔¹(), 阮宏华¹^,^*(), 李媛媛², 倪娟平¹, 王国兵¹, 曹国华³, 沈彩芹³, 徐亚明³

1.南京林业大学生态与环境学院,南方现代林业协同创新中心,江苏南京 210037
2.南京晓庄学院食品科学学院,江苏南京 211171
3.江苏省东台林场,江苏盐城 224243

收稿日期:2023-07-20 接受日期:2024-07-30 出版日期:2025-03-30 发布日期:2025-03-28
通讯作者: *阮宏华(hhruan@njfu.edu.cn),教授。
作者简介:
曹荔荔(caolllychee@163.com)。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(32071594);国家重点研发计划(2021YFD2200403);江苏省林业局揭榜挂帅项目(LYKJ[2022]01);江苏省林业局造林专项项目(2021-2022)

Variations of surface soil macrofauna in different aged Metasequoia glyptostroboides plantations

CAO Lili¹(), RUAN Honghua¹^,^*(), LI Yuanyuan², NI Juanping¹, WANG Guobing¹, CAO Guohua³, SHEN Caiqin³, XU Yaming³

1. Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
2. School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, China
3. Dongtai State Forest Farm of Jiangsu Province, Yancheng 224243, China

Received:2023-07-20 Accepted:2024-07-30 Online:2025-03-30 Published:2025-03-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】土壤动物是森林生态系统的重要组成成分,对森林土壤结构和功能具有重要的调控作用。研究不同林龄水杉(Metasequoia glyptostroboides)人工林地表大型土壤动物群落组成和结构的变化,为提高认识土壤生态系统对全球变化的响应和优化水杉人工林科学管理提供参考。【方法】采用野外固定样地调查法,在江苏东台林场选择立地条件和经营措施相对一致的 9 个不同林龄(7、11、16、21、26、31、36、41和 46 年生)水杉人工林,每个年龄林分随机设置 4 个重复样地,分别于 2022 年的生长旺季(8月)和生长末期(11月)采集样品,调查不同林龄水杉人工林地表大型土壤动物群落组成结构及多样性的变化。采用陷阱法对水杉人工林地表大型土壤动物进行采集,土壤动物样品带回实验室后在体视显微镜下进一步分类检索和计数鉴定。此外,用土钻取0~15 cm土层的土壤混合样,带回实验室进行土壤理化性质分析,最后使用SPSS 26和Origin 2021进行统计分析与绘图。【结果】共捕获地表大型土壤动物14 289 只,隶属16目23 科,其优势类群为等足目中的卷甲虫科和潮虫科;不同林龄水杉人工林地表大型土壤动物的优势类群和常见类群差异较大;地表大型土壤动物个体数量在11年生水杉林中最大,36年生中最小;在不同季节中,大型土壤动物个体总数以8月高于11月,而物种丰富度则以11月高于8月。【结论】不同生长发育阶段及季节变化对水杉人工林地表大型土壤动物的群落结构有显著影响,主要呈现出中林龄段的地表大型土壤动物个体总数、类群数量及多样性指数总体上位于较高水平,建议森林经营过程中注重中龄林阶段的地表土壤大型动物的作用和保护。

关键词: 地表大型土壤动物, 生物多样性, 群落结构, 林分发育, 季节变化

Abstract:

【Objective】Soil faunas are crucial components of forest ecosystem. This study investigated the distribution characteristics and seasonal variation of soil macrofauna in Metasequoia glyptostroboides plantations of different ages. We analyzed differences in the community structure, seasonal dynamics, and influencing mechanisms of surface soil macrofauna, providing a theoretical basis for future studies on soil fauna community structure in these plantations.【Method】We assessed soil macrofauna community dynamics across nine M. glyptostroboides plantations (seven, 11, 16, 21, 26, 31, 36, 41, and 46 years old) using a randomized block design with four replicate plots per age group, located in a coastal area of northern Jiangsu Province, China. Collections were made in summer (August) and autumn (October) using pitfall traps, and samples were sorted and identified under a stereomicroscope in the laboratory. Additionally, soil samples from the 0-15 cm layer were collected for physicochemical analysis.【Result】We collected a total of 14 289 surface soil macrofauna individuals from 16 orders and 23 families. The dominant groups were Armadillidae and Oniscidae. Significant differences were observed in the dominant and common groups of soil macrofauna among plantations of different ages. The 11-year-old plantation had the highest number of soil macrofauna, while the 36-year-old plantation had the lowest. In terms of seasonal variation, the total number of surface soil macrofauna was higher in August than in November, whereas species richness was greater in November than in August.【Conclusion】The study highlights that both stand development and seasonal variation significantly influence the community structure of surface soil macrofauna in M. glyptostroboides plantations. As the forest matures, the total number, species diversity and diversity index of surface soil macrofauna increase, reaching a high level in middle-aged forests.

Key words: surface soil macrofauna, biodiversity, community structure, stand development, seasonal variation

中图分类号:

S718

曹荔荔,阮宏华,李媛媛,等. 不同林龄水杉人工林地表大型土壤动物群落特征比较研究[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2025, 49(2): 91-98.

CAO Lili, RUAN Honghua, LI Yuanyuan, NI Juanping, WANG Guobing, CAO Guohua, SHEN Caiqin, XU Yaming. Variations of surface soil macrofauna in different aged Metasequoia glyptostroboides plantations[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2025, 49(2): 91-98.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202307026.

图/表 5

表1

表2

林龄和采样时间对水杉人工林地表大型土壤动物数量影响的双因素方差分析"

项目item	变量variable	F	P	项目item	变量variable	F	P
	林龄age	13.101	< 0.001		林龄age	1.354	0.237
个体总数total number	时间date	0.112	0.739	奇马陆科Paradoxosomatidae	时间date	1.727	0.194
	林龄age×时间date	4.983	< 0.001		林龄age×时间date	1.354	0.237
	林龄age	3.727	< 0.01		林龄age	3.139	< 0.01
蟋蟀总科Grylloidea	时间date	19.570	< 0.001	土蝽科Cydnidae	时间date	3.381	0.071
	林龄age×时间date	3.738	< 0.01		林龄age×时间date	2.551	< 0.05
	林龄age	0.900	0.523		林龄age	1.000	0.447
蚱总科Eumastacoidea	时间date	0.200	0.656	奇蝽科Enicocephalidae	时间date	1.000	0.321
	林龄age×时间date	1.100	0.377		林龄age×时间date	1.000	0.447
	林龄age	1.471	0.189		林龄age	0.412	0.908
蚁亚科Formicinae	时间date	13.323	< 0.001	正蚓科Lumbricidae	时间date	4.800	< 0.05
	林龄age×时间date	0.768	0.631		林龄age×时间date	0.647	0.647
	林龄age	0.793	0.610		林龄age	1.504	0.177
切叶蚁亚科Myrmicinae	时间date	1.654	0.203	大蚕蛾科Saturniidae	时间date	0.262	0.610
	林龄age×时间date	0.891	0.530		林龄age×时间date	0.465	0.875
	林龄age	1.468	0.190		林龄age	1.187	0.323
步甲科Carabidae	时间date	0.605	0.439	尺蛾科Geometridae	时间date	0	1.000
	林龄age×时间date	1.767	0.104		林龄age×时间date	0.562	0.803
	林龄age	0.589	0.782		林龄age	1.623	0.134
象甲科Curculionidae	时间date	6.857	< 0.05	丝尾螋科Diplatyidae	时间date	0.304	0.479
	林龄age×时间date	0.589	0.782		林龄age×时间date	0.283	0.685
	林龄age	1.611	0.143		林龄age	1.000	0.447
隐翅甲科Staphylinidae	时间date	0.444	0.507	蚰蜒科Scutigeridae	时间date	1.000	0.321
	林龄age×时间date	0.194	0.990		林龄age×时间date	1.000	0.447
	林龄age	16.306	< 0.001		林龄age	1.304	0.262
卷甲虫科Armadillidae	时间date	5.144	< 0.05	虫齿科Psocidae	时间date	2.980	0.090
	林龄age×时间date	2.734	< 0.05		林龄age×时间date	1.304	0.262
	林龄age	15.375	< 0.001		林龄age	0.861	0.554
潮虫科Oniscidae	时间date	12.745	< 0.001	盲蛛目Opiliones	时间date	0.063	0.801
	林龄age×时间date	4.719	< 0.001		林龄age×时间date	1.500	0.179
	林龄age	2.295	< 0.05		林龄age	2.183	< 0.05
蜈蚣科Scolopendridae	时间date	1.920	0.171	后纺亚目Mesothele	时间date	0	1.000
	林龄age×时间date	1.380	0.226		林龄age×时间date	0.198	0.989
	林龄age	0.630	0.748		林龄age	0.861	0.554
地蜈蚣科Geophilidae	时间date	2.241	0.140	中纺亚目Opisthothele	时间date	0.063	0.801
	林龄age×时间date	0.980	0.461		林龄age×时间date	1.500	0.179
	林龄age	2.630	< 0.05		林龄age	1.153	0.344
隐带马陆科Cryptodesmidae	时间date	30.965	< 0.001	后纺亚目Mesogastropoda	时间date	0.009	0.921
	林龄age×时间date	2.630	< 0.05		林龄age×时间date	3.791	< 0.01

表2

图1

图2

图3

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林龄/a stand age	平均胸径/cm mean DBH	平均树高/m mean tree height	林分郁闭度/% canopy closure
7	10.5±0.4	8.2±0.8	81.8
11	15.4±1.3	16.5±1.2	70.6
16	20.9±1.8	20.1±0.8	69.5
21	25.8±1.4	22.4±1.4	77.3
26	27.0±1.7	22.9±0.3	80.7
31	27.4±2.3	23.2±1.0	78.4
36	30.5±1.4	25.1±2.5	78.8
41	34.2±1.9	26.6±1.1	81.4
46	33.2±1.8	26.1±0.5	81.1

不同林龄水杉人工林地表大型土壤动物群落特征比较研究

Variations of surface soil macrofauna in different aged Metasequoia glyptostroboides plantations

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