南京市地下车库地表尘重金属源解析及风险评估

蓝洋, 李岩, 董珍, 冯笛珂, 刘科, 贾振毅, 范庆斌, 李柠, 程新宇, 温佳乐, 黄浩然, 叶子, 虞叶

南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2025, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (2) : 203-211.

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）
PDF(1768 KB)
南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2025, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (2) : 203-211. DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202308049
研究论文

南京市地下车库地表尘重金属源解析及风险评估

作者信息 +

Analysis of heavy metal sources and risk assessment of surface dust in underground parking garages in Nanjing City

Author information +
文章历史 +

摘要

【目的】通过对南京市地下车库中地表尘重金属的来源解析和生态风险及人体健康风险的评估,提高公众对地下车库风险危害的认知。【方法】采集了南京市不同区域内地下车库中地表尘作为样本进行重金属检测,通过绝对因子分析-多元线性回归(APCS-MLR)受体模型进行源解析;生态风险方面运用地累积指数法、潜在生态风险指数法评估;运用人体健康风险评估模型进行人体健康风险评估。【结果】①南京市地下车库中地表尘重金属来源有4个因子,分别为燃料燃烧源、工业源、道路和工业降尘源、机动车排放源。②研究区Zn和Cu的平均地累积指数都达到了中至强度污染,潜在生态风险指数综合表现为较强风险。③对于人体健康来说,6种重金属的总非致癌风险对于儿童大于1,处于安全阈值之外;对于成人小于1,处于可控范围;而对于人体致癌风险来说,两种重金属元素Ni、Cr的值都大于相对安全标准的1×10-4。【结论】南京市地下车库中地表尘重金属无论对于生态还是人体健康都有负面影响,需要采取防治措施。

Abstract

【Objective】This study aims to raise public awareness about the risks associated with underground parking garages in Nanjing City by analyzing heavy metals in surface dust and evaluating both ecological and human health risks. 【Method】Surface dust samples were collected from underground parking garages in different regions of Nanjing for heavy metal analysis. Source apportionment analysis was performed using the absolute principal component scores-multiple linear regression (APCS-MLR) receptor model. Ecological risk was assessed using the geo-accumulation index method and the potential ecological risk index method. Human health risks were evaluated using the human health risk index. 【Result】(1) Four sources of heavy metals in surface dust were identified: fuel combustion, industrial emissions, road and industrial dust deposition, and vehicle exhaust emissions. (2) In the study area, average geo-accumulation index values for Zn and Cu indicated moderate to strong pollution, while the potential ecological risk index suggested a relatively high ecological risk. (3) For human health, cumulative non-carcinogenic risks for the six heavy metals exceeded the safe threshold for children (>1) but remained within a manageable range for adults (<1). Carcinogenic risks associated with Ni and Cr exceeded acceptable levels, with value standards (1×10-4). 【Conclusion】The presence of heavy metals in surface dust from underground parking garages in Nanjing negatively impacts both the ecosystem and human health, underscoring the need for preventive and control measures.

关键词

地下车库 / 地表灰尘 / 重金属 / 源解析 / 生态风险 / 人体健康风险评估

Key words

underground garage / surface dust / heavy metals / source apportionment / ecological risk / human healthy risk assessment

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蓝洋, 李岩, 董珍, 等. 南京市地下车库地表尘重金属源解析及风险评估[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）. 2025, 49(2): 203-211 https://doi.org/10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202308049
LAN Yang, LI Yan, DONG Zhen, et al. Analysis of heavy metal sources and risk assessment of surface dust in underground parking garages in Nanjing City[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY. 2025, 49(2): 203-211 https://doi.org/10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202308049
中图分类号： X513   

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基金

国家自然科学基金项目(42101079)
国家自然科学基金项目(42106216)
江苏省高等学校大学生创新创业训练计划(202110298006Z)

编辑: 孟苗婧
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