城市滨水绿地空间夏季微气候效应研究

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202310003

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2025, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (2): 233-241.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202310003

城市滨水绿地空间夏季微气候效应研究

王一洁(), 王璐冕, 丁真慧, 钱程, 曹加杰^*()

南京林业大学风景园林学院,江苏南京 210037

收稿日期:2023-10-06 接受日期:2024-04-19 出版日期:2025-03-30 发布日期:2025-03-28
通讯作者: *曹加杰(caojiajie@njfu.edu.cn),教授。
作者简介:
王一洁(774694162@qq.com)。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金面上项目(32071832);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD);2023江苏省研究生科研创新计划(KYCX23_1206)

Effects of urban waterfront green space on summer microclimate

WANG Yijie(), WANG Lumian, DING Zhenhui, QIAN Cheng, CAO Jiajie^*()

College of Landscape Architecture,Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China

Received:2023-10-06 Accepted:2024-04-19 Online:2025-03-30 Published:2025-03-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】利用热舒适度评价指标(综合舒适度指标、湿球黑球温度指标)与微气候因子、植物要素的相关性进行微气候效应研究,依据植物景观特征不同的城市滨水绿地中人体热舒适度感受,来提升夏季活动空间的环境品质和使用率。【方法】选取南京内秦淮河城市段上的9个典型样地和1个对照点,在分析场地植物要素(大乔木覆盖率、小乔木覆盖率、灌木覆盖率、地被覆盖率)的基础上,对气象因子(空气温度、相对湿度、风速)进行实测并计算人体舒适度,使用可视化图表反映变化规律,同时研究舒适度与选取因子的相关性。【结果】将滨水空间依据植物平面布局归纳总结为点状、条带状、四周型3种。经过测量分析得到:①点状、四周型布局的空间微气候舒适度较佳,条带状布局的舒适度欠佳,其中点状布局降温增湿效果最显著;②空气温度、相对湿度对微气候综合变量的贡献较大,湿球黑球温度指数指标(wet bulb globe temperature index,WBGT)对舒适度综合变量的贡献较突出,舒适度与空气温度呈显著正相关,与相对湿度呈显著负相关,与风速的相关性最弱;③舒适度与植物要素的相关性从大到小排序为大乔木覆盖率>灌木覆盖率>小乔木覆盖率>地被覆盖率。量化舒适度较优的活动空间植物景观特征,提出在20 m×20 m的城市滨水绿地空间样方内,大乔木与灌木覆盖率比值在(2∶1)~(6∶1)的点状、四周型植物空间布局所反映出的热舒适度值较为适中,配比低于2∶1时对热舒适度值有负面影响。【结论】对不同植物空间布局下的微气候效应进行定量化分析,揭示了各要素的相互作用对夏季滨水绿地空间热舒适度的影响,提出城市滨水绿地空间植物配置的优化策略,即优先采用点状植物空间布局模式改善植物空间对微气候的调节效力,调控大乔木与灌木覆盖率配比大于2∶1来改善城市滨水公共空间的环境品质,灵活选择乔木品种和种植密度,可有效发挥水体与植物的微气候效应。

关键词: 滨水绿地空间, 舒适度指标, 植物布局, 夏季微气候, 南京内秦淮河

Abstract:

【Objective】This study explores the correlation between summer comfort evaluation indexes, namely the S index, and wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) index, and microclimate and plant landscape factors to assess microclimate effects. The goal is to enhance the environmental quality and usability of urban waterfront green spaces by optimizing human thermal comfort under varying plant landscape characteristics.【Method】 Nine representative plots and one control site along the urban section of the Qinhuai River in Nanjing were selected for analysis. Key plant elements (large tree coverage, small tree coverage, shrub coverage, and ground cover) were surveyed alongside meteorological factors (air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed). Comfort levels were calculated, and visual charts were used to illustrate changing patterns. Correlations between thermal comfort and the selected variables were analyzed. 【Result】Waterfront spaces were classified into three plant layout types: point, strip and surrounding layouts. Key findings include the following: comfort variations by layout, namely the point and surrounding layouts exhibited higher microclimate comfort, while the strip layout was less favorable. The point layout demonstrated the most significant cooling and humidifying effects. Contribution of factors to comfort: air temperature and relative humidity were major contributors to the microclimate’s integrated variables, while the WBGT index had a prominent influence on comfort. Air temperature positively correlated with comfort, relative humidity showed a significantly negative correlation, and wind speed had the weakest impact. Plant element correlations: comfort was most strongly correlated with large tree cover, followed by shrub cover, small tree cover, and ground cover. For optimal spatial comfort in 20 m × 20 m quadrats, a large tree-to-shrub coverage ratio between 2∶1 and 6∶1 was ideal. Ratios below 2∶1 negatively impacted the comfort index.【Conclusion】Quantitative analysis of microclimate effects under different plant spatial layouts reveals the interplay of key factors influencing summer thermal comfort. Based on these findings, the following strategies are proposed for optimizing plant configurations in urban waterfront green spaces: prioritize point layouts: Employ point layouts to maximize the regulatory effects of plant spaces on the microclimate. Optimize coverage ratios: ensure a large tree-to-shrub coverage ratio greater than 2∶1 to enhance thermal comfort. Flexible planting strategies: select tree species and planting densities based on site-specific conditions. Leverage water-plant synergy: maximize the combined microclimate benefits of water bodies and vegetation.

Key words: waterfront green space, comfort index, plant layout, summer microclimate, Nanjing Inner Qinhuai River

中图分类号:

P463.22
S718

王一洁,王璐冕,丁真慧,等. 城市滨水绿地空间夏季微气候效应研究[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2025, 49(2): 233-241.

WANG Yijie, WANG Lumian, DING Zhenhui, QIAN Cheng, CAO Jiajie. Effects of urban waterfront green space on summer microclimate[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2025, 49(2): 233-241.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202310003.

图/表 10

图1

表1

表2

研究区域各测量点景观特征"

测点编号 plot No.	测点名称 points name	植被现状 plant status	植物布局 layout	植被覆盖面积占比 proportion of vegetation coverage area
S1	水西门广场东	大乔木有香樟(Camphora officinarum)、银杏(Ginkgo biloba)、玉兰(Yulania denudata)共6棵,小乔木有鸡爪槭(Acer palmatum)、桂花(Osmanthus fragrans)共4棵,灌木覆盖面积138 m²,包含红花木(Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum)等7种,地被主要为麦冬(Ophiopogon japonicus)、大吴风草(Farfugium japonicum)	条带状	6∶1∶5∶1
L2	柳叶街	大乔木有香樟、二球悬铃木(Platanus × acerifolia)共4棵,小乔木有桂花、鸡爪槭等5棵,灌木有红花木、冬青(Ilex chinensis)、金边黄杨(Euonymus japonicus‘Aurea-margioatus’)等多品种,覆盖面积57.6 m²,地被植物极少	点状	45∶8∶22∶1
X3	仙鹤桥	大乔木6棵,分别为香樟、悬铃木、银杏,小乔木以鸡爪槭为主共7棵,灌木有冬青、石楠(Photinia serratifolia)、八角金盘(Fatsia japonica)等多种,覆盖面积48 m²,地被以麦冬为主	四周型	3∶1∶1∶1
C4	船板巷	大乔木有香樟、银杏、玉兰共6棵,小乔有木紫薇(Lagerstroemia indica)3棵,灌木有日本女贞(Ligustrum japonicum)、石楠、杜鹃(Rhododendron simsii)等,覆盖面积66 m²,地被植物少	点状	19∶2∶8∶1
D5	大油坊巷	大乔木有构树(Broussonetia papyrifera)、臭椿(Ailanthus altissima)、枫杨(Pterocarya stenoptera)、银杏共7棵,小乔木有桂花、樱花(Prunus serrulata)共4棵,灌木为石楠、凤尾竹(Bambusa multiplex)共24.8 m²,地被植物为麦冬	四周型	6∶1∶2∶1
Q6	秦淮河-泮池	大乔木为4棵乌桕(Triadica sebifera),夹杂少量造型松,灌木有杜鹃、红花木等,覆盖面积76 m²,地被极少	条带状	33∶1∶24∶1
T7	桃叶渡广场(对照点)	无大乔木,无遮阴	—	—
W8	文正桥东	大乔木有8棵香樟,灌木为人面竹(Phyllostachys aurea)覆盖面积20 m²,地被植物以麦冬为主	点状	29∶0.1∶5∶1
P9	龙蟠中路健身广场	大乔木有女贞(Ligustrum lucidum)、悬铃木共5棵,小乔木5棵(鸡爪槭),灌木有海桐(Pittosporum tobira)、苏铁(Cycas revoluta)等多种,覆盖面积87.5 m²,地被植物为麦冬	条带状	4∶1∶3∶1
J10	玄津桥南	大乔木6棵(香樟、悬铃木、枫杨),小乔木4棵(紫薇),灌木有苏铁等7种,覆盖面积共62.5 m²,地被多种植麦冬	四周型	6∶1∶2∶1

表2

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

表3

表4

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日期 date	全天气温/℃ temperature	相对湿度/% relative humidity	风向 wind direction	风力/级 wind power
08-02	26~34	91	东北风	2~3
08-03	26~34	93	东风	1
08-04	26~35	90	东风	1

测点 plot	S	WBGT	测点 plot	S	WBGT
S1	6.30	29.06	Q6	6.67	29.41
L2	5.95	28.83	T7	7.41	30.38
X3	5.91	28.88	W8	6.17	28.56
C4	6.09	29.04	P9	6.57	29.11
D5	6.64	28.89	J10	6.14	28.93

因子 factor	舒适度指标comfort indexes
因子 factor	S	WBGT
空气温度/℃ air temperature	0.966^**	0.951^**
相对湿度/% relative humidity	-0.927^**	-0.846^**
风速/(m·s^-1) wind speed	-0.394	-0.373
大乔木覆盖率/% large tree coverage	-0.859^**	-0.932^**
小乔木覆盖率/% small tree coverage	-0.443	-0.229
灌木覆盖率/% shrub coverage	-0.503	-0.393
地被覆盖率/% ground coverage	-0.162	-0.038

城市滨水绿地空间夏季微气候效应研究

Effects of urban waterfront green space on summer microclimate

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