基于多源数据的南京市公园降温效应研究

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202310019

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (3): 285-294.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202310019

基于多源数据的南京市公园降温效应研究

朱云凤¹(), 王红¹^,^*(), 覃书鸿², 杨易³, 汪逸聪⁴

1.河海大学地理与遥感学院,江苏南京 210098
2.河海大学地球科学与工程学院,江苏南京 210098
3.中水北方勘测设计研究有限责任公司,天津 300222
4.浙江省水利水电勘测设计院有限责任公司,浙江杭州 310002

收稿日期:2023-10-16 修回日期:2023-12-22 出版日期:2024-05-30 发布日期:2024-06-14
通讯作者: *王红(hongwang@hhu.edu.cn),教授。
作者简介:朱云凤(flora_zyf@hhu.edu.cn)。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金面上项目(31971579)

Research on the cooling effect of parks in Nanjing based on multi-source data

ZHU Yunfeng¹(), WANG Hong¹^,^*(), QIN Shuhong², YANG Yi³, WANG Yicong⁴

1. College of Geography and Remote Sensing, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
2. College of Earth Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
3. China Water North Survey, Design and Research Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300222, China
4. Zhejiang Provincial Water Resources and Hydropower Investigation and Design Institute Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310002, China

Received:2023-10-16 Revised:2023-12-22 Online:2024-05-30 Published:2024-06-14

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】利用拐点法量化公园的降温效应,并确定具有高效降温效应的公园面积和周长阈值范围,基于多源数据综合考虑城市公园的内部和外部特征对其降温效应的影响。【方法】基于2019年9月13日Landsat-8遥感影像,采用辐射传输法反演地表温度;基于高分二号遥感影像,采用随机森林法进行土地覆被分类;基于百度地图兴趣面(area of interest,AOI)获取83个公园边界。利用拐点法得到公园的降温强度和降温距离,利用相关性分析和SHAP分析,从公园内景观特征、公园内环境特征和公园外环境特征3个方面探讨影响因子与公园降温效应之间的关系。【结果】 ①公园的降温面积阈值为18~19 hm²,周长阈值在1.9~2.0 km。②公园内部的建设用地高占比和较高的斑块密度会削弱公园降温效应,而水体和绿地的占比则可增强公园降温效应;面积加权周长比越小的公园越有助于公园降温效应的发挥。③公园内植被结构参数和生理特征对降温效应有显著影响,植被冠层越高、长势越好,降温距离越远;土壤含水量对降温效应至关重要。④公园外部较高的建筑高度和高道路密度会削弱公园降温效应。【结论】公园的降温效应受到公园内外景观特征和环境特征的影响。可以通过提高公园景观的完整性、合理配置绿地水体和培育优质植被等措施来改善公园降温效应,从而缓解城市热岛效应。

关键词: 城市公园, 城市热岛, 冷岛效应, 多源数据, 拐点法, SHAP分析, 南京

Abstract:

【Objective】 The study aimed to quantify the cooling effect of parks using the inflection point method, and to determine the area and perimeter thresholds of parks with an efficient cooling effect. The internal and external characteristics of urban parks and their influence on the cooling effect was analyzed based on multi-source data. 【Method】 The radiative transfer method was used to retrieve the surface temperature from Landsat-8 remote sensing images on September 13, 2019, and the land cover was classified using the random forest method based on Gaofen-2 remote sensing images. The area of interest (AOI) on the Baidu map was used to determine the boundaries of 83 parks. The inflection point method was used to determine the cooling intensity and cooling distances of parks. The relationship between the cooling effect of parks and three influencing factors, namely, features of the landscape, internal park environment, and external park environment, was determined by correlation analysis and the SHAP analysis. 【Result】 The cooling threshold of parks encompassed an area of 18-19 hm² with a perimeter of about 1.9-2.0 km. The results of feature indicator analysis revealed that the cooling effect of parks can be reduced by a high proportion of construction land and a high patch density within the parks, but enhanced by a high proportion of waterbodies and green spaces. Parks with a smaller area-weighted perimeter ratio had a higher cooling efficiency. The structural parameters and physiological characteristics of the vegetation had a significant influence on the cooling effect of parks. The cooling distances of parks increased was higher in the proportion of vegetation with better growth and greater canopy height. Soil moisture also played a crucial role in the cooling effect of parks. However, the cooling effect was weakened by the presence of surrounding buildings of greater height and a higher road density outside the parks. 【Conclusion】 The cooling effect of parks is influenced by internal and external landscape features and environmental characteristics. The cooling effect of parks can be enhanced by improving the integrity of the landscape, ensuring the distribution of green spaces and waterbodies, and cultivating high-quality vegetation, to mitigater the urban heat island effect.

Key words: city parks, urban heat island, cold island effect, multi-source data, inflection point method, SHAP analysis, Nanjing City

中图分类号:

TP79

朱云凤,王红,覃书鸿,等. 基于多源数据的南京市公园降温效应研究[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2024, 48(3): 285-294.

ZHU Yunfeng, WANG Hong, QIN Shuhong, YANG Yi, WANG Yicong. Research on the cooling effect of parks in Nanjing based on multi-source data[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2024, 48(3): 285-294.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202310019.

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类型 type	指标 indexes
公园内部景观特征 landscape features within the park	绿地(PLAND_green)、水体(PLAND_water)和建设用地占公园的面积比例(PLAND_building)
	绿地(LPI_green)、水体(LPI_water)和建设用地的最大斑块指数(LPI_building)
	公园边缘密度(ED)、斑块密度(PD)、蔓延度(CONTAG)
	公园(PARA_AM)、绿地(PARA_AM_green)、水体(PARA_AM_water)和建设用地的面积加权平均长比(PARA_AM_building)
	公园(NLSI)绿地(NLSI_green)、水体(NLSI_water)和建设用地的归一化景观形状指数(NLSI_building)
	香农多样性指数(SHDI)、香农均匀度指数(SHEI)
	公园(AI)、绿地(AI_green)、水体(AI_water)和建设用地的聚集度(AI_building)
	公园(DIVISION)、绿地(DIVISION_green)、水体(DIVISION_water)和建设用地的景观分裂指数(DIVISION_building)
	公园(MESH)、绿地(MESH_green)、水体(MESH_water)和建设用地的有效粒度面积(MESH_building)
公园内部环境特征 environmental features within the park	平均高程(DEM)、植被冠层高度(FH)、植被覆盖度(FVC)、叶面积指数(LAI)
	叶绿素含量(LAI_cab)、冠层水分含量(LAI_cw)、有效光合吸收辐射度(FAPAR)
	植被蒸腾(Ec)、土壤蒸发(Es)、温度植被干旱指数(TVDI)
公园外部环境特征 environmental features outside the park	公园降温距离内水体(Buffer_water)、绿地(Buffer_green)、建设用地所占比例(Buffer_building)
	公园降温距离内的夜间灯光密度(Buffer_luojia)、人口密度(Buffer_pop)
	公园降温距离内道路密度(Buffer_road)、建筑平均高度(Buffer_cnbh)

指标 index	降温强度 PCI	降温距离 PCD	地表温度 LST	指标 index	降温强度 PCI	降温距离 PCD	地表温度 LST
PLAND_green	0.190	0.286^**	-0.196	SHEI	-0.275^*	-0.331^**	0.265^*
PLAND_water	0.445^**	0.058	-0.448^**	PD	-0.626^**	-0.334^**	0.634^**
PLAND_building	-0.655^**	-0.393^**	0.594^**	MESH	0.268^*	0.309^**	-0.478^**
LPI_green	0.216	0.311^**	-0.170	MESH_green	0.210	0.302^**	-0.427^**
LPI _water	0.358^**	0.012	-0.396^**	MESH_water	0.399^**	0.076	-0.357^**
LPI_building	-0.604^**	-0.339^**	0.500^**	MESH_building	-0.113	-0.315^**	0.107
ED	-0.601^**	-0.337^**	0.597^**	DIVISION	-0.243^*	-0.296^**	0.212
PARA_AM	-0.640^**	-0.337^**	0.631^**	DIVISION_green	-0.252^*	-0.314^**	0.198
PARA_AM_green	-0.188	-0.153	0.288^**	DIVISION_water	-0.368^**	-0.072	0.451^**
PARA_AM_water	-0.392^**	-0.112	0.345^**	DIVISION_building	0.503^**	0.251^*	-0.382^**
PARA_AM_building	0.194	0.179	-0.195	CONTAG	0.382^**	0.357^**	-0.371^**
NLSI_green	-0.054	-0.015	0.202	AI	0.601^**	0.340^**	-0.588^**
NLSI_water	-0.249^*	-0.058	0.199	AI_green	0.185	0.161	-0.283^**
NLSI_building	0.181	0.150	-0.217^*	AI_water	0.253^*	0.059	-0.203
SHDI	-0.225^*	-0.318^**	0.234^*	AI_building	-0.246^*	-0.187	0.259^*

类型 type	公园名称 park name	水体占公园的面积比例/% PLAND_water	绿地占公园的面积比例/% PLAND_green	公园面积/hm² park area	降温强度/℃ PCI
有水公园 park with water	伯乐园	15.53	56.60	0.80	1.14
	郑和公园	7.78	39.33	2.17	1.45
	乌龙潭公园	18.89	61.01	5.10	2.63
	南湖公园	39.10	35.56	8.62	4.01
	白鹭洲公园	22.32	50.87	12.72	2.86
	莫愁湖公园	44.65	22.61	50.25	4.98
无水公园 park without water	鼓楼公园	0	67.15	0.94	0.67
	河西中央公园CBD绿轴D区	0.06	32.96	2.21	0.66
	明故宫遗址公园	0.09	67.12	5.74	1.04
	石景山公园	0.54	95.15	8.33	2.45
	北极阁公园	0.46	90.49	12.00	2.51
	求雨山文化公园	0.24	66.40	51.93	1.71

指标 index	降温强度 PCI	降温距离 PCD	地表温度 LST
DEM	0.233^*	0.275^*	-0.419^**
FH	0.318^**	0.412^**	-0.351^**
FAPAR	0.120	0.288^**	-0.079
FVC	0.202	0.305^**	-0.167
LAI	0.338^**	0.390^**	-0.327^**
LAI_cab	0.425^**	0.449^**	-0.425^**
LAI_cw	0.607^**	0.423^**	-0.615^**
Ec	0.072	0.247	-0.327^*
Es	-0.068	-0.079	0.395^*
TVDI	-0.716^**	-0.508^**	0.985^**

指标 index	降温强度 PCI	降温距离 PCD	地表温度 LST
Buffer_green	0.111	0.191	-0.432^**
Buffer_water	0.111	0.151	-0.297^**
Buffer_building	-0.164	-0.228^*	0.425^**
Buffer_pop	0.153	0.122	-0.093
Buffer_luojia	-0.226^*	-0.211	0.139
Buffer_road	-0.310^**	-0.461^**	0.319^**
Buffer_cnbh	-0.297^**	-0.128	0.017

基于多源数据的南京市公园降温效应研究

Research on the cooling effect of parks in Nanjing based on multi-source data

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审稿

[1]	刘艳芬, 黄茹鲜, 艾婧文, 杨柳青, 余坤勇, 刘健. 福州市城市公园的冷岛效应及其影响因素[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2024, 48(3): 295-303.
[2]	杨赫, 米锋. 社会经济地位下城市绿地可达性对居民心理健康的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2024, 48(1): 248-256.
[3]	陈明, 刘亮. 采样间隔对城市表土剖面磁化率变化的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2023, 47(6): 61-69.
[4]	李雨晗, 丁彦芬, 张畅为. 南京外秦淮河优势草本植物生态位和种间联结性研究[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2023, 47(6): 203-210.
[5]	杨云峰, 杨家琪. 基于蚊患防控的亚热带地区城市公园生态整治设计[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2023, 47(6): 211-218.
[6]	徐振, 李鸣珂, 陈妍, 周珍琦. 基于在线地图的南京市主城区大型公园绿地骑行可达范围评估[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2023, 47(6): 219-226.
[7]	达婷, 李琰. 基于场所依恋的城市滨水公园社会连接研究[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2023, 47(6): 227-235.
[8]	樊柏青, 刘东云, 王思远, 穆罕默德·阿米尔·西迪基. 城市绿色空间地表温度的时空演变特征——以北京市六环内区域为例[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2023, 47(5): 197-204.
[9]	张金光, 宋安琪, 夏天禹, 赵兵. 社区生活圈视角下城市公园绿地暴露水平测度[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2023, 47(3): 191-198.
[10]	崔志华, 吕言洁, 杨昕雨. 南京市都市区声景观的城乡梯度演变分析[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2023, 47(3): 199-206.
[11]	张银凤, 蔡洪月, 彭金根, 刘学军, 谢利娟, 张华, 王艳梅. 深圳城市公园不同栽植环境对毛棉杜鹃生长的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2023, 47(2): 197-204.
[12]	王欢利, 严灵君, 黄犀, 王仲伟, 汤诗杰. 南京椴群体遗传多样性和遗传结构分析[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2023, 47(1): 145-153.
[13]	曹加杰, 朱莹露, 陈煜, 傅剑玮, 冯肖, 杨佩莹, 王浩. 城市水敏性河道的景观质量评价模型与方法[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2022, 46(6): 288-293.
[14]	黄硕, 郑宇, 成林莉, 季春悦, 王姗, 董建文. 基于景观偏好的城市公园景观健康效益评价机制研究[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2022, 46(5): 221-228.
[15]	侯秀娟, 闫晓云, 王波, 李心愿, 包红光. 夏季干旱半干旱城市公园绿地空气负离子与空气颗粒物变化特征[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2022, 46(4): 212-220.