【目的】青钱柳(Cyclocarya paliurus)是我国特有的多功能树种,探讨施用不同种类及添加量的生物炭对青钱柳苗木生长、叶片光合色素含量及土壤化学性质的影响,旨在为今后生物炭应用于青钱柳叶用人工林培育提供科学依据。【方法】以1年生青钱柳幼苗为试验对象,采用双因素随机区组设计,通过200 d的盆栽试验,探讨3种生物炭(青钱柳炭、稻壳炭和竹炭)及其不同体积比添加量(与土壤混合比5%、15%和25%,相当于质量比的添加量为1.0%、3.5%和6.5%左右)对土壤化学性质、青钱柳苗木生长及叶片光合色素含量的影响。【结果】施用200 d后,添加生物炭可显著提高土壤pH及铵态氮、硝态氮、有效磷和速效钾等含量,从而促进青钱柳叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量的提高。与生物炭类型相比,生物炭添加量对土壤化学指标影响更为显著(P<0.05)。且添加25%青钱柳炭可显著提高土壤pH,较对照(CK)提高32.1%;添加25%稻壳炭的土壤有效磷和速效钾含量(质量分数)较CK分别提高145.3%和250.0%。不同种类及添加量的生物炭对青钱柳苗高、地径、生物量均有显著影响(P<0.05),其中以添加5%青钱柳炭对青钱柳叶、茎、根及总生物量的处理效果最佳,分别比CK提高了55.6%、47.6%、43.0%和47.0%。相关性分析表明,叶片光合色素含量与苗高、地径的净增长量均呈显著正相关(P<0.05),而叶片光合色素均与土壤硝态氮含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),土壤速效钾含量仅与叶片类胡萝卜素含量呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。【结论】适量添加生物炭能有效提升土壤肥力并促进青钱柳生长,在本研究中以施用体积比5%的青钱柳炭(即质量比约为1.0%)对青钱柳生物量生产促进作用最显著。

【Objective】Cyclocarya paliurus is a multifunctional tree species. This study investigated the impacts of biochar types and their addition doses on soil chemical properties, leaf photosynthetic pigment content, and growth of C. paliurus seedlings, aiming to provide a scientific basis for biochar application in future C. paliurus plantations.【Method】A two-factor randomized block experimental design was employed to investigate the effects of three biochar types (C. paliurus biochar, straw biochar, and bamboo biochar) and three application rates (5%, 15% and 25% V/V, equivalent to 1.0%, 3.5%, and 6.5% m/m) on soil chemical properties, seedling growth, and leaf photosynthetic pigment content through a pot experiment.【Result】After 200 days of treatment, biochar application significantly increased soil pH, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium levels, while also enhancing chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid contents in C. paliurus leaves. Application rate had a more pronounced effect on soil chemical indices than biochar type (P<0.05). Notably, adding 25% C. paliurus biochar increased soil pH by 32.1%, and 25% straw biochar significantly elevated available phosphorus and potassium levels by 145.3% and 250.0%, respectively, compared to the control. Biochar application also significantly influenced seedling growth and biomass production (P<0.05), with the 5% C. paliurus biochar treatment showing the most notable promotion in biomass production. Compared to the control, biomass in leaves, stems, roots, and total increased by 55.6%, 47.6%, 43.0%, and 47.0%, respectively, in the 5% C. paliurus biochar treatment. Correlation analysis revealed that seedling height and diameter growth were significantly positively correlated with leaf photosynthetic pigment contents. Additionally, all photosynthetic pigments were significantly and positively correlated with soil nitrate nitrogen (P<0.01), while only soil available potassium showed a significant correlation with carotenoid content (P<0.05).【Conclusion】Appropriate biochar application effectively enhances soil fertility and promotes C. paliurus seedling growth. Among treatments, the 5% C. paliurus biochar application proved optimal for maximizing biomass production.