【目的】评价喀斯特山地不同类型人工林植被恢复对土壤质量的影响,为该地区选择适宜的造林树种和改善林地土壤质量提供参考依据。【方法】以贵州省喀斯特山地营造的干香柏 (Cupressus duclouxiana,下称滇柏)纯林、刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia)纯林和滇柏-刺槐混交林这3种类型人工林及未造林地(CK)为研究对象,对喀斯特山地不同类型人工林土壤理化性质和酶活性变化进行了研究,采用冗余分析、主成分分析(PCA)、全体数据集(TDS)、最小数据集(MDS)和灰色关联度(GRA)等方法评估土壤质量。【结果】①3种人工林地土壤含水率、孔隙度、有机质、全氮、碱解氮、全磷、速效磷质量分数均显著高于未造林地,容重、pH、全钾、速效钾质量分数均显著低于未造林地。②土壤脲酶、多酚氧化酶、蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶这5种酶中,除碱性磷酸酶活性外,其余4种土壤酶活性均在滇柏-刺槐混交林土壤中最高。3种类型人工林土壤脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶活性均高于未造林地。③基于主成分分析法的最小数据集适合作为喀斯特山地人工林土壤质量评价的最小数据集提取方法,本研究选择的最小数据集包括土壤全氮、全钾、速效钾质量分数、非毛管孔隙度、碱性磷酸酶、多酚氧化酶活性。④基于MDS 建立的土壤质量评价结果与基于TDS和灰色关联度的评价结果相一致,土壤质量评价得分从大到小顺序均为滇柏-刺槐混交林>刺槐林>滇柏林>未造林地。总体上看,混交林土壤质量明显优于纯林。【结论】在喀斯特山地植被恢复和人工林营造中,可遵循适树适地的原则,以营造混合林为主,从而达到改善土壤综合质量,提高人工植被修复生态效益的目的。

【Objective】This study evaluated soil quality under different types of plantation vegetation restoration in Karst areas, aiming to provide guidance on selecting suitable tree species and improving soil quality. 【Method】Three types of plantation forests—Cupressus duclouxiana forest, Robinia pseudoacacia forest, and C. duclouxiana-R. pseudoacacia mixed forest—along with unplanted land (control) in Guizhou Province, were selected for the study. The soil physical, chemical, and enzymatic characteristics were analyzed. Redundancy analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to assess soil fertility quality, while total data set (TDS), minimum data set (MDS), and gray correlation degree method (GRA) were employed to evaluate soil fertility. 【Result】(1) Compared with unplanted land, soil water content, porosity, organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, total phosphorus, and available phosphorus content were significantly higher in plantation forests. Conversely, soil bulk density, pH, total potassium, and available potassium were significantly lower. (2) Except for alkaline phosphatase, the activities of urease, polyphenol oxidase, sucrase, and catalase were the highest in the C. duclouxiana-R. pseudoacacia mixed forest. Urease, alkaline phosphatase, and catalase activities were higher in plantations than those in unplanted land. (3) The minimum data set derived from PCA was suitable for soil quality evaluation in Karst plantations. This data set included soil total nitrogen, total potassium, available potassium content, non-capillary porosity, alkaline phosphatase, and polyphenol oxidase activities. (4) Soil quality evaluations based on MDS align with those based on TDS and grey correlation degree. The soil quality order was as follows: C. duclouxiana-R. pseudoacacia mixed forest > R. pseudoacacia forest > C. duclouxiana forest > unplanted land. The mixed forest demonstrated significantly better soil quality than the pure forests. 【Conclusion】 During vegetation restoration and plantation development in Karst areas, following the principles of tree adaptation and site suitability, and focusing on constructing mixed forests, can enhance overall soil quality and improve the ecological benefits of artificial vegetation restoration.